American Sociological Review最新文献_第6页

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131758

J. Gerring, C. Knutsen

引用次数: 0

Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program 准备出租：住房选择券计划中的行政决策和贫困治理

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131798

B. McCabe

{"title":"Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program","authors":"B. McCabe","doi":"10.1177/00031224221131798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221131798","url":null,"abstract":"Sociological studies of poverty governance investigate how state actors manage marginalized populations, regulate their participation in social institutions, and reform their behavior through systems of punishment and rewards. Research in this area considers a range of institutions involved in managing poverty, but it has largely ignored an institution omnipresent in the lives of the poor—public housing agencies (PHAs). Focusing on the Housing Choice Voucher program, the largest rental assistance program in the country, I examine discretionary choices made by PHAs that affect who gets access to rental assistance, how long clients have to wait, and what they must do to maintain their benefits. I ask how these administrative decisions create successive opportunities for state agencies to govern the poor. Drawing on interviews with agency officials, I describe a tripartite process of selecting market-ready households, engaging them in rituals of market formation, and utilizing market nudges to remind them of their responsibilities as market actors. This framework deepens sociological understandings of how local state agencies utilize discretionary choices in a resource-scarce, highly decentralized policy environment to evaluate, reform, and discipline the poor.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"86 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Relational Work in the Family: The Gendered Microfoundation of Parents’ Economic Decisions 家庭中的关系工作:父母经济决策的性别微观基础

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221132295

Aliya Hamid Rao

{"title":"Relational Work in the Family: The Gendered Microfoundation of Parents’ Economic Decisions","authors":"Aliya Hamid Rao","doi":"10.1177/00031224221132295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221132295","url":null,"abstract":"How do parents decide what goods, experiences, and activities they can afford for their children during times of economic insecurity? This article draws on 72 in-depth interviews with U.S. professional middle-class families in which one parent is unemployed. Extending the concept of relational work, this study illuminates how the microfoundation of economic decisions is gendered. Families where fathers are unemployed take the approach of relational preservation: they seek to maintain a high threshold of expenditures on children and view curtailing child-related spending as a threat to their class status. These families see reducing expenditures on children as a parental, and especially paternal, failure. Families where mothers are unemployed take an approach of relational downscaling, lowering the threshold for essential expenditures on children. These families are reluctant to spend less on children’s education, but they do not view decreasing spending on other items, such as consumer goods, as threatening their class status. Gendering relational work reveals how inequalities within families are reproduced through meaning-making around expenditures on children, and it clarifies a key source of variation in parental economic decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"1094 - 1120"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Collaborating in Class: Social Class Context and Peer Help-Seeking and Help-Giving in an Elite Engineering School 课堂合作:一所精英工程学校的社会阶层背景与同伴寻求与给予帮助

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221130506

Anthony M. Johnson

{"title":"Collaborating in Class: Social Class Context and Peer Help-Seeking and Help-Giving in an Elite Engineering School","authors":"Anthony M. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00031224221130506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221130506","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have extensively documented social class differences in students’ relationships with educational institutions through their interactions with authority figures and the unequal institutional advantages these interactions yield. However, little is known about whether or how social class also shapes students’ peer interactions in ways that produce these inequalities. Using a qualitative case study of an elite engineering school in which I draw on participant observation and interviews with 88 undergraduates and six administrators, I argue that social class context—a proxy for social class—shapes the peer help-seeking and help-giving (collaborative) strategies students use, which can create inequalities in the institutional advantages they secure in the form of academic help, support, and learning opportunities. Focusing specifically on the social class context of students’ high schools, I find that compared to their less-privileged counterparts, privileged students—who came from class-advantaged high school contexts where they became familiar with collaboration and upper-middle-class cultural signals—more easily collaborated with their college classmates and displayed signals that communicated they were “good” collaborators. The findings highlight new mechanisms through which inequalities are reproduced in educational institutions and make theoretical contributions to research on cultural capital, inequality, and education.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"981 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Caught between Frontstage and Backstage: The Failure of the Federal Reserve to Halt Rule Evasion in the Financial Crisis of 1974 夹在前台和后台之间:1974年金融危机中美联储未能阻止规避规则

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131478

P. Fink

{"title":"Caught between Frontstage and Backstage: The Failure of the Federal Reserve to Halt Rule Evasion in the Financial Crisis of 1974","authors":"P. Fink","doi":"10.1177/00031224221131478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221131478","url":null,"abstract":"Rule evasion by companies is a major driver of change in contemporary market societies. Recent research holds that periods of market instability offer opportunities to bring rule evasion under control because crises expose hidden market practices. Based on original archival evidence from the financial crisis of 1974, this article shows that rule evasion is disclosed not automatically, but strategically and selectively. To explain the ensuing dynamics, the article develops a Goffmanian framework in which regulators learn of a crisis of rule evasion backstage (in their interactions with companies) but use a conventional definition of the situation frontstage (in their presentations to the public). In an as yet unrecognized outcome, the regulators may find themselves caught between frontstage and backstage: their communications to the public limit their room for maneuver against the companies backstage, forcing them to repurpose their extant crisis-management tools. Because regulators publicly pretend to stay within their mandate, this form of crisis response renders re-regulation of rule evasion less likely. The finding contributes a new explanation for a central puzzle in the burgeoning sociology of crises: why periods of instability so rarely lead to change.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"24 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter 在线阴谋团体:微博、机器人和推特上的冠状病毒阴谋论

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221125937

H. Greve, H. Rao, P. Vicinanza, Echo Yan Zhou

{"title":"Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter","authors":"H. Greve, H. Rao, P. Vicinanza, Echo Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00031224221125937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221125937","url":null,"abstract":"Conspiracies are consequential and social, yet online conspiracy groups that consist of individuals (and bots) seeking to explain events or a system have been neglected in sociology. We extract conspiracy talk about the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter and use the biterm topic model (BTM) to provide a descriptive baseline for the discursive and social structure of online conspiracy groups. We find that individuals enter these communities through a gateway conspiracy theory before proceeding to extreme theories, and humans adopt more diverse conspiracy theories than do bots. Event-history analyses show that individuals tweet new conspiracy theories, and tweet inconsistent theories simultaneously, when they face a threat posed by a rising COVID-19 case rate and receive attention from others via retweets. By contrast, bots are less responsive to rising case rates, but they are more consistent, as they mainly tweet about how COVID-19 was deliberately created by sinister agents. These findings suggest human beings are bricoleurs who use conspiracy theories to make sense of COVID-19, whereas bots are designed to create moral panic. Our findings suggest that conspiracy talk by individuals is defensive in nature, whereas bots engage in offense.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"919 - 949"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45274706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Elements of Cultural Power: Novelty, Emotion, Status, and Cultural Capital 文化力量的要素：新颖性、情感、地位与文化资本

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221123030

Di Zhou

{"title":"The Elements of Cultural Power: Novelty, Emotion, Status, and Cultural Capital","authors":"Di Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00031224221123030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221123030","url":null,"abstract":"Why do certain ideas catch on? What makes some ideas more powerful than others? Using a novel dataset that traces Chinese netizens’ discussion of U.S. politics on an online forum, this study examines key predictors of cultural power—novelty, emotion, status, and linguistic features—using an innovative diachronic word-embedding method. The study finds a curvilinear relationship between novelty and resonance, as well as a positive relationship between status and cultural power. Contrary to theoretical expectations, moderate emotions, whether positive or negative, are found to be more effective in evoking resonance than more intense emotions, possibly due to the mediating effect of the forum’s “group style.” Thus, it appears that although extreme sentiments toward the United States may exist, they are not likely to be resonant, at least among more educated Chinese netizens. The study also finds significant effects of linguistic features, such as lexical diversity and the use of English in Chinese discussions. This suggests a Bourdieusian “cultural capital signaling and selection” path to cultural power, which has not been considered in most studies of resonance.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"750 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47818166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Modernizing Leviathan: Carceral Reform and the Struggle for Legitimacy in Brazil’s Espírito Santo State 利维坦的现代化：巴西圣埃斯皮里托州的殡葬改革与合法性斗争

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221121294

Maria-Fátima Santos

{"title":"Modernizing Leviathan: Carceral Reform and the Struggle for Legitimacy in Brazil’s Espírito Santo State","authors":"Maria-Fátima Santos","doi":"10.1177/00031224221121294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221121294","url":null,"abstract":"Incarceration has become naturalized as a primary mode of punishment within the penal systems of modern states across the globe. This study examines how states develop the capacity to execute incarceration as a routine state function. I argue that rationalization and bureaucratization are key for transforming carceral enclosures into a naturalized feature of states’ routine exercise of coercion. I develop this argument through analysis of a dynamic case of carceral modernization in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (2003 to 2014). I analyze the significance of coordinated violence and performative strategies for rulers to extend administrative capacity to incarceration and transform confinement into a legitimate and legitimizing instrument of state power. Findings demonstrate how coercive practices and other modes of violence that state authorities come to narrate as illegitimate are not antithetical to modernization. Rather, they become constitutive of the very process of consolidating and legitimizing rational-legal modes of administration that routinely exercise violence while more effectively being misrecognized as such. By extending inquiry to how states develop the administrative capacity to exercise penal power, this analysis makes several contributions to the political sociology of punishment and theories of state-building.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"889 - 918"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47293657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Through the Front Door: Why Do Organizations (Still) Prefer Legacy Applicants? 通过前门：为什么组织（仍然）更喜欢遗产申请人？

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221122889

Emilio J. Castilla, Ethan J. Poskanzer

{"title":"Through the Front Door: Why Do Organizations (Still) Prefer Legacy Applicants?","authors":"Emilio J. Castilla, Ethan J. Poskanzer","doi":"10.1177/00031224221122889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221122889","url":null,"abstract":"When screening candidates, organizations often give preference to certain applicants on the basis of their familial ties. This “legacy preference,” particularly widespread in college admissions, has been criticized for contributing to inequality and class reproduction. Despite this, studies continue to report that legacies are persistently admitted at higher rates than non-legacies. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework of three distinct sense-making strategies at play when decision-makers screen applicants into their organizations—the meritocratic, material, and diversity logics. We then apply this framework to investigate how legacy preferences either support or undermine each organizational logic using comprehensive data on the population of applicants seeking admission into one elite U.S. college. We find strong support for the material logic at the cost of the other two organizational logics: legacies make better alumni after graduation and have wealthier parents who are materially-positioned to be more generous donors than non-legacy parents. Contrary to the meritocratic logic, we find that legacies are neither more qualified applicants nor better students academically. From a diversity standpoint, legacies are less racially diverse than non-legacies. We conclude with a discussion of our study’s implications for understanding the role of family relationships and nepotism in today’s organizational selection processes.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"782 - 826"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Beyond Money Whitening: Racialized Hierarchies and Socioeconomic Escalators in Mexico 超越金钱白化：墨西哥的种族等级制度和社会经济升级

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221119803

Wendy D. Roth, P. Solís, C. Sue

{"title":"Beyond Money Whitening: Racialized Hierarchies and Socioeconomic Escalators in Mexico","authors":"Wendy D. Roth, P. Solís, C. Sue","doi":"10.1177/00031224221119803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221119803","url":null,"abstract":"A core sociological claim is that race is a social construction; an important illustration of this is how racial classifications are influenced by people’s socioeconomic status. In both Latin America and the United States, someone with higher SES is more likely to be classified as White than others of similar appearance, a pattern epitomized by the expression “money whitens.” However, recent studies of the effect of SES on racial classifications show inconsistent results, sometimes depending on the measures used. We develop a broad theorization of societies as having multiple racialized hierarchies with different socioeconomic escalators potentially bringing people to higher-status locations in each one. Yet racialized hierarchies differ across societies, and some non-White classifications may reflect a process of upward movement while others may not. We assess this process in Mexico using the 2019 Project on Ethnic-Racial Discrimination in Mexico, a nationally-representative survey including highly accurate digital skin-color ratings, perceived skin-color assessments, and ethnoracial classifications by respondents and interviewers. We find that having higher education increases respondents’ self-classification as Mestizo. Yet those with greater wealth are “whitened” by interviewers. Simultaneously, respondents and interviewers “lighten” respondents with greater wealth. We argue that SES can differentially affect mobility in different racialized hierarchies, showing how race is constructed partly by other social constructs like class.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"827 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4