American Sociological Review最新文献_第10页

College and the "Culture War": Assessing Higher Education's Influence on Moral Attitudes. 大学与 "文化战争"：评估高等教育对道德态度的影响》。

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211041094

Miloš Broćić, Andrew Miles

引用次数: 0

Next Steps for the Relative Education Hypothesis 相对教育假说的下一步

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211042329

Jonathan Horowitz

引用次数: 1

What’s in an Occupation? Investigating Within-Occupation Variation and Gender Segregation Using Job Titles and Task Descriptions 什么是职业？利用职务和任务描述调查职业差异和性别隔离

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211042053

Ananda Martin-Caughey

{"title":"What’s in an Occupation? Investigating Within-Occupation Variation and Gender Segregation Using Job Titles and Task Descriptions","authors":"Ananda Martin-Caughey","doi":"10.1177/00031224211042053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211042053","url":null,"abstract":"Occupations have long been central to the study of inequality and mobility. However, the occupational categories typical in most U.S. survey data conceal potentially important patterns within occupations. This project uses a novel data source that has not previously been released for analysis: the verbatim text responses provided by respondents to the General Social Survey from 1972 to 2018 when asked about their occupation. These text data allow for an investigation of variation within occupations, in terms of job titles and task descriptions, and the occupation-level factors associated with this variation. I construct an index of occupational similarity based on the average pairwise cosine similarity between job titles and between task descriptions within occupations. Findings indicate substantial variation in the level of similarity across occupations. Occupational prestige, education, and income are associated with less heterogeneity in terms of job titles but slightly more heterogeneity in terms of task descriptions. Gender diversity is associated with more internal heterogeneity in terms of both job titles and task descriptions. In addition, I use the case of gender segregation to demonstrate how occupational categories can conceal the depth and form of stratification.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48317684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making: Opportunity, Agency, and Returns from Wage Negotiations 分类差异与索赔：机会、代理和工资谈判的回报

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211038507

C. Sauer, P. Valet, Safi Shams, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey

{"title":"Categorical Distinctions and Claims-Making: Opportunity, Agency, and Returns from Wage Negotiations","authors":"C. Sauer, P. Valet, Safi Shams, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey","doi":"10.1177/00031224211038507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211038507","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine wage negotiations as a specific instance of claims-making, predicting that the capacity to make a claim is first a function of the position, rather than the person, and that lower-status actors—women, migrants, fixed-term, part-time, and unskilled workers—are all more likely to be in positions where negotiation is not possible. At the same time, subordinate-status actors may be less likely to make claims even where negotiation is possible, and when they do make wage claims they may receive lower or no returns to negotiation. Analyses of wage negotiations by more than 2,400 German employees largely confirm these theoretical expectations, although the patterns of opportunity, agency, and economic returns vary by categorical status. All low-status actors are more likely to be in jobs where negotiation is not possible. Women, people in lower-class jobs, and people with temporary contracts are less likely to negotiate even when given the opportunity. Regarding returns, agency in wage claims does not seem to improve the wages of women, migrants, or working-class individuals. The advice to “lean-in” will not substantially lower wage inequalities for everyone, although men who lean in do benefit relative to men who do not.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47052244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Discipline and Empower: The State Governance of Migrant Domestic Workers 规训与赋权:移徙家庭佣工的国家治理

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211032906

R. Parreñas

引用次数: 15

The Intersection of Racial and Gender Attitudes, 1977 through 2018 种族和性别态度的交集，1977年至2018年

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211033582

William J. Scarborough, Joanna R. Pepin, Danny L. Lambouths, Ronald Kwon, Ronaldo Monasterio

{"title":"The Intersection of Racial and Gender Attitudes, 1977 through 2018","authors":"William J. Scarborough, Joanna R. Pepin, Danny L. Lambouths, Ronald Kwon, Ronaldo Monasterio","doi":"10.1177/00031224211033582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211033582","url":null,"abstract":"Intersectionality scholars have long identified dynamic configurations of race and gender ideologies. Yet, survey research on racial and gender attitudes tends to treat these components as independent. We apply latent class analysis to a set of racial and gender attitude items from the General Social Survey (1977 to 2018) to identify four configurations of individuals’ simultaneous views on race and gender. Two of these configurations hold unified progressive or regressive racial and gender attitudes. The other two formations have discordant racial and gender attitudes, where progressive views on one aspect combine with regressive views on the other. In the majority of survey years, the most commonly held configuration endorsed gender equality but espoused new racialist views that attributed racial disparities to cultural deficiencies. This perspective has become increasingly common since 1977 and is most prevalent among White women and White men, likely due to racial-group interest. Black women and Black men, in contrast, are more likely to embrace progressive racial and gender attitudes. We argue that White men’s gender egalitarianism may be rooted in self-interest, aimed at acquiring resources through intimate relationships. In contrast, Black men adopt progressive racial and gender attitudes to form a necessary coalition with Black women to challenge racism.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49253303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Consolidation of Education and Health in Families 巩固家庭教育和保健

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211028592

Vida Maralani, Camille Portier

{"title":"The Consolidation of Education and Health in Families","authors":"Vida Maralani, Camille Portier","doi":"10.1177/00031224211028592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211028592","url":null,"abstract":"For a given person, many socioeconomic resources are correlated, but resources also accumulate in families, depending on how people sort in relationships based on their individual characteristics. This study proposes that people match on multiple resources in long-term relationships as a strategy for creating families with systematically advantaged portfolios—a strategy we call “consolidation.” Analyzing Health and Retirement Study data and using smoking as a measure of health, we show that couples match on both educational and health statuses at the start of marriage, and this systematic pattern of matching intensifies over time. We find that matching on smoking is not simply a byproduct of educational homogamy, and that matching on smoking/non-smoking status has increased over time. Moreover, couples increasingly sort on education and health jointly, such that highly educated couples are even more likely to be nonsmoking than would be expected by matching on education or smoking status alone. Increasing educational inequalities in quitting smoking between marriage and first birth reinforce this consolidation process. Using Current Population Surveys, we find these patterns are stronger in marriages than in cohabitations. The consolidation of education and health in couples is an important mechanism that amplifies inequality in families and, potentially, across generations.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44810876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Networks, Property, and the Division of Labor 网络、财产和劳动分工

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211027893

Emily Erikson, H. Shirado

引用次数: 4

Wealth Accumulation and Opportunity Hoarding: Class-Origin Wealth Gaps over a Quarter of a Century in a Scandinavian Country 财富积累与机会囤积:一个斯堪的纳维亚国家四分之一世纪以来的阶级来源的财富差距

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211020012

Marianne Nordli Hansen, M. Toft

{"title":"Wealth Accumulation and Opportunity Hoarding: Class-Origin Wealth Gaps over a Quarter of a Century in a Scandinavian Country","authors":"Marianne Nordli Hansen, M. Toft","doi":"10.1177/00031224211020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211020012","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Scandinavian countries are often considered to epitomize social democratic governance, Scandinavia’s profound wealth inequalities, seen in relation to the more modest income differences, constitutes a fascinating paradox. Drawing on class theoretical concerns with strategies for reproduction and a Bourdieusian emphasis on class fractions, we explore how class-origin wealth gaps evolved over the past 25 years in Norway, and how they compare to class-origin income gaps. First, we find that class-origin wealth gaps have increased in recent years, whereas income inequalities are fairly persistent among men, and increasing among women. We find that educational attainment is important for channeling income inequality, but that education is less important for understanding wealth gaps. Second, we document differences between people whose family contexts were most highly endowed with economic capital and those who grew up in families that were engaged in cultural fields or the professions. Finally, we highlight how analyses based solely on net worth neglect important ways class origin perpetuates and accelerates wealth inequalities via the acquisition of debt. We argue that recent decades have fostered new instruments for opportunity hoarding that are most successfully used by the sons and daughters of the economic upper class.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00031224211020012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45932827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

“There Is an Eye on Us”: International Imitation, Popular Representation, and the Regulation of Homosexuality in Senegal “有一只眼睛在盯着我们”：国际模仿、民众代表和塞内加尔对同性恋的监管

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211026546

Jason L. Ferguson

{"title":"“There Is an Eye on Us”: International Imitation, Popular Representation, and the Regulation of Homosexuality in Senegal","authors":"Jason L. Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/00031224211026546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211026546","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on data from Senegal, this article develops the concept of pockets of world society to explain how adherence to a liberal vision of gay rights emerges within an otherwise illiberal legal landscape. Pockets of world society appear at the site where the global field of human rights penetrates the national juridical field. Senegal’s Ministry of Justice sits at this juncture. It is a member of both fields but tends toward a logic of international imitation. The ministry accommodates world society’s stance on homosexuality, offering a moderate re-interpretation of its nation’s criminalization, and quietly circumventing local law to enact global scripts of sexual actorhood. In stark contrast, Senegalese courts, located solely within the national juridical field, adhere to a logic of popular representation, rejecting sexual self-determination, insisting on national sovereignty, and carrying out the nation’s criminalization of homosexuality in accordance with both law and collective will. These conflicting logics are driven by external pressures, field membership and position, professional trajectories, and sources of legal legitimacy and social accountability. Finally, I contend that the conflict in Senegal spotlights not only world society’s limits, but its persistent strength and its ability to disrupt the coherence of the law.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00031224211026546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47655588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8