American Sociological Review最新文献_第9页

Alternative View of Modernity: The Subaltern Speaks 现代性的另类观点:次等人的话语

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211065719

Aldon D Morris

引用次数: 14

Technologies of Expertise: Opioids and Pain Management’s Credibility Crisis 专业技术：阿片类药物与疼痛管理的可信度危机

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211069567

Jane Pryma

{"title":"Technologies of Expertise: Opioids and Pain Management’s Credibility Crisis","authors":"Jane Pryma","doi":"10.1177/00031224211069567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211069567","url":null,"abstract":"Journalistic accounts of the opioid crisis often paint prescription opioids as the instrument of profit-minded pharmaceutical companies who enlisted pain specialists to overprescribe addictive drugs. Broadening beyond a focus on pharmaceutical power, this article offers a comparative-historical explanation, rooted in inter- and intra-professional dynamics, of the global increase in rates of opioid prescribing. Through archival analysis and in-depth interviews with pain specialists and public-health officials in the United States and France, I explain how and why opioids emerged as the “right tool for the job” of pain relief in the 1980s and 1990s, affecting how pain science is produced, pain management is administered, and a right to pain relief is promised in different national contexts. I argue that opioids, selected and destigmatized as the technology for pain relief, helped establish a global network of pain expertise, linking a fledgling field of pain specialists to the resources of global-health governance, public-health administration, humanitarian organizations, and pharmaceutical companies. I then compare how U.S. and French pain specialists leveraged opioids to strengthen the boundaries of their emergent fields. Pain specialists’ differing degrees of autonomy in each country’s network of pain expertise shaped the extent to which opioids could dominate pain management and lead to crisis. Tracing the relationship between opioids and pain expertise, I show how technologies can drive crises of expert credibility if and when they escape the control of the networked fields that selected them.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"17 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47503711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Articulating the Pueblo Cubano: Women’s Politicization and Productivity in Revolutionary Cuba, 1959 to 1969 阐明古巴普韦布洛人:1959年至1969年革命时期古巴妇女的政治化和生产力

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211060836

J. Triplett

{"title":"Articulating the Pueblo Cubano: Women’s Politicization and Productivity in Revolutionary Cuba, 1959 to 1969","authors":"J. Triplett","doi":"10.1177/00031224211060836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211060836","url":null,"abstract":"How do political actors forge social solidarity across preexisting axes of social difference? This article investigates how political elites undertaking projects of political articulation—understood as linking together diverse constituencies to create integrated political blocs—contend with preexisting cultural constraints embedded in the social fabric. I do so by tracing how the post-1959 Cuban regime attempted to build a population-wide revolutionary identity despite persisting cultural understandings of women primarily as apolitical housewives. Through systematic analysis of a large corpus of state discourse in the form of speeches and women’s magazines, I show how regime leaders negotiated, with varying degrees of success over time, the cultural constraints that gender posed to their unifying project. Ultimately, the regime’s initiatives to politicize women through including them in mass campaigns and radicalizing their traditional household tasks were relatively successful, but cultural backlash against women’s increasing presence in the labor force prompted the institutionalization of a gendered division of labor in the economy that traditionalized their initially radical entry into the workplace. Analyzing how political elites confront and manage social differences within political blocs promises to contribute to a better understanding of the political production of social solidarity and its downstream effects on categorical inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"109 4","pages":"80 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41259872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathways toward Inclusive Income Growth: A Comparative Decomposition of National Growth Profiles 实现包容性收入增长的途径：国民增长概况的比较分解

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211054808

Zachary Parolin, J. Gornick

{"title":"Pathways toward Inclusive Income Growth: A Comparative Decomposition of National Growth Profiles","authors":"Zachary Parolin, J. Gornick","doi":"10.1177/00031224211054808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211054808","url":null,"abstract":"Despite rising interest in income inequality, scholars remain divided over the mechanisms underlying inclusive income growth and how these mechanisms vary across countries. This study introduces the concept of national growth profiles, that is, the additive contribution of changes in taxes, transfers, composition, and other factors including market institutions to changes across a country’s income distribution. We present a decomposition framework to measure national growth profiles for eight high-income countries from the 1980s to 2010s. Our findings adjudicate competing sociological and economic perspectives on rising inequality. First, we find that policy-driven changes in taxes and transfers are the dominant drivers of inclusive growth at the tails of the income distributions. Second, rising educational attainment contributes most to income growth across the distribution, but consistently contributes to less-inclusive growth. When changes in education are considered, changes in assortative mating and single parenthood have little consequence for changes in inequality. Third, changes to other factors including market institutions increased inequality in countries such as the United States, but less so in France and Germany. Had the United States matched the changes to Dutch tax policy, Danish transfer policy, or other factors of most other countries, it could have achieved more inclusive income growth than observed.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"86 1","pages":"1131 - 1163"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Consolidated Advantage: New Organizational Dynamics of Wage Inequality 整合优势:工资不平等的新组织动力学

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211049205

Nathan Wilmers, Clem Aeppli

{"title":"Consolidated Advantage: New Organizational Dynamics of Wage Inequality","authors":"Nathan Wilmers, Clem Aeppli","doi":"10.1177/00031224211049205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211049205","url":null,"abstract":"The two main axes of inequality in the U.S. labor market—occupation and workplace—have increasingly consolidated. In 1999, the largest share of employment at high-paying workplaces was blue-collar production workers, but by 2017 it was managers and professionals. As such, workers benefiting from a high-paying workplace are increasingly those who already benefit from membership in a high-paying occupation. Drawing on occupation-by-workplace data, we show that up to two-thirds of the rise in wage inequality since 1999 can be accounted for not by occupation or workplace inequality alone, but by this increased consolidation. Consolidation is not primarily due to outsourcing or to occupations shifting across a fixed set of workplaces. Instead, consolidation has resulted from new bases of workplace pay premiums. Workplace premiums associated with teams of professionals have increased, while premiums for previously high-paid blue-collar workers have been cut. Yet the largest source of consolidation is bifurcation in the social sector, whereby some previously low-paying but high-professional share workplaces, like hospitals and schools, have deskilled their jobs, while others have raised pay. Broadly, the results demonstrate an understudied way that organizations affect wage inequality: not by directly increasing variability in workplace or occupation premiums, but by consolidating these two sources of inequality.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"86 1","pages":"1100 - 1130"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43713182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Index 指数

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211058454

引用次数: 0

Facets of Specialization and Its Relation to Career Success: An Analysis of U.S. Sociology, 1980 to 2015 专业化的方面及其与职业成功的关系——1980年至2015年美国社会学分析

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211056267

R. Heiberger, Sebastian Munoz-Najar Galvez, Daniel A. McFarland

{"title":"Facets of Specialization and Its Relation to Career Success: An Analysis of U.S. Sociology, 1980 to 2015","authors":"R. Heiberger, Sebastian Munoz-Najar Galvez, Daniel A. McFarland","doi":"10.1177/00031224211056267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211056267","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how sociology students garner recognition from niche field audiences through specialization. Our dataset comprises over 80,000 sociology-related dissertations completed at U.S. universities, as well as data on graduates’ pursuant publications. We analyze different facets of how students specialize—topic choice, focus, novelty, and consistency. To measure specialization types within a consistent methodological frame, we utilize structural topic modeling. These measures capture specialization strategies used at an early career stage. We connect them to a crucial long-term outcome in academia: becoming an advisor. Event-history models reveal that specific topic choices and novel combinations exhibit a positive influence, whereas focused theses make no substantial difference. In particular, theses related to the cultural turn, methods, or race are tied to academic careers that lead to mentorship. Thematic consistency of students’ publication track also has a strong positive effect on the chances of becoming an advisor. Yet, there are diminishing returns to consistency for highly productive scholars, adding important nuance to the well-known imperative of publish or perish in academic careers.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"86 1","pages":"1164 - 1192"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Does Protest Against Police Violence Matter? Evidence from U.S. Cities, 1990 through 2019 抗议警察暴力重要吗?来自1990年至2019年美国城市的证据

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211056966

Susan Olzak

{"title":"Does Protest Against Police Violence Matter? Evidence from U.S. Cities, 1990 through 2019","authors":"Susan Olzak","doi":"10.1177/00031224211056966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211056966","url":null,"abstract":"An underlying premise of democratic politics is that protest can be an effective form of civic engagement that shapes policy changes desired by marginalized groups. But it is not certain that this premise holds up under scrutiny. This article presents a three-part argument that protest (1) signals the salience of a movement’s focal issue and expands awareness that an issue is a social problem requiring a solution, (2) empowers residents in disadvantaged communities and raises a sense of community cohesion, which together (3) raise costs and exert pressure on elites to make concessions. The empirical analysis examines the likelihood that a city will establish a civilian review board (CRB). It then compares the effects of protest and CRB presence on counts of officer-involved fatalities by race and ethnicity. Two main hypotheses about the effect of protest are supported: cities with more protest against police brutality are significantly more likely to establish a CRB, and protest against police brutality reduces officer-involved fatalities for African American and Latino (but not for White) individuals. However, the establishment of CRBs does not reduce fatalities, as some have hoped. Nonetheless, mobilizing against police brutality matters, even in the absence of civilian review boards.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Assessing the Deinstitutionalization of Marriage Thesis: An Experimental Test 婚姻论文非制度化评价的实验检验

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221080960

Blaine G. Robbins, A. Dechter, Sabino Kornrich

{"title":"Assessing the Deinstitutionalization of Marriage Thesis: An Experimental Test","authors":"Blaine G. Robbins, A. Dechter, Sabino Kornrich","doi":"10.1177/00031224221080960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221080960","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to experimentally evaluate the thesis that marriage is deinstitutionalized in the United States. To do so, we map the character of the norm about whether different-sex couples ought to marry, and we identify the extent to which the norm is strong or weak along four dimensions: polarity, whether the norm is prescriptive, proscriptive, bipolar (both prescriptive and proscriptive), or nonexistent; conditionality, whether the norm holds under all circumstances; intensity, the degree to which individuals subscribe to the norm; and consensus, the extent to which individuals share the norm. Results of a factorial survey experiment administered to a disproportionate stratified random sample of U.S. adults (N = 1,823) indicate that the norm to marry is weak: it is largely bipolar, conditional, and of low-to-moderate intensity, with disagreement over the norm as well as the circumstances demarcating the norm. While the norm to marry is different for men and women and for Black and White respondents, the amount of disagreement (or lack of consensus) within groups is comparable between groups. We find no significant differences across socioeconomic status (education, income, and occupational class). Overall, our findings support key claims of the deinstitutionalization of marriage thesis.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"237 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47675777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Complexity of Associative Diffusion: Reassessing the Relationship between Network Structure and Cultural Variation 联想扩散的复杂性——兼论网络结构与文化变异的关系

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/00031224211056954

Daniel DellaPosta, Marjan Davoodi

{"title":"The Complexity of Associative Diffusion: Reassessing the Relationship between Network Structure and Cultural Variation","authors":"Daniel DellaPosta, Marjan Davoodi","doi":"10.1177/00031224211056954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211056954","url":null,"abstract":"Goldberg and Stein (2018) present an innovative agent-based computational model that shows how cultural associations can diffuse through superficial interpersonal interactions. They counterintuitively argue that segmented networks—for example, those resembling “small worlds” with dense local clustering—inhibit rather than promote cultural diffusion. This finding is notable because it breaks with a long line of influential research showing that local clustering is crucial to diffusion in cases where behaviors and practices—including cultural beliefs—require multiple reinforcements in order to spread. Replicating Goldberg and Stein’s model, we find this result only holds consistently in settings approximating small-group interactions. In models with larger populations, and where cultural associations require repeated reinforcement through social observation, locally clustered small-world networks can promote global cultural variation as well as globally-connected networks, and sometimes do so better. The complex interactions among parameters that lead to this reversal in Goldberg and Stein’s model are instructive for theoretical models of interpersonal influence.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"86 1","pages":"1193 - 1204"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0