American Sociological Review最新文献_第4页

Contested by the State: Institutional Offloading in the Case of Crossover Youth 国家的挑战：跨性别青年的制度负担

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231160297

Catherine Sirois

{"title":"Contested by the State: Institutional Offloading in the Case of Crossover Youth","authors":"Catherine Sirois","doi":"10.1177/00031224231160297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231160297","url":null,"abstract":"How do people become the responsibility of one state institution over another? Prevailing theory suggests that marginalized groups are funneled toward increasingly coercive control over the life course, yet more coercive institutions may not always assume responsibility for people sent their way. This article uses the unique case of crossover youth—children at the junction of child welfare and juvenile justice systems—to illustrate how state institutions negotiate and contest responsibility for marginalized groups. To explain this process, I advance a conceptual framework of institutional offloading, which contends that institutional actors seek to offload responsibility for eligible tasks or clients they perceive to unduly strain the resources at their disposal and expose them to blame. Drawing on ethnographic data from a California juvenile court and interviews with court actors, the analysis demonstrates how actors from Social Services, on one side, and Probation, on the other, attempt to offload responsibility for crossover youth. In this process, institutional actors construct and contest crossover youths’ status as dependent or delinquent. The findings highlight the importance of analyzing governance decisions as interlocking state processes and illuminate mechanisms by which the pipeline to prison for marginalized groups may be perpetuated and potentially disrupted.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"350 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47576434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

They Can’t All Be Stars: The Matthew Effect, Cumulative Status Bias, and Status Persistence in NBA All-Star Elections 他们不可能都是明星：NBA全明星选举中的马太效应、累积状态偏差和状态持续性

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231159139

T. Biegert, M. Kühhirt, W. Van Lancker

{"title":"They Can’t All Be Stars: The Matthew Effect, Cumulative Status Bias, and Status Persistence in NBA All-Star Elections","authors":"T. Biegert, M. Kühhirt, W. Van Lancker","doi":"10.1177/00031224231159139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231159139","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the extent to and mechanisms through which Matthew effects create persistent status hierarchies. We propose a model that highlights the role of cumulative status bias in the feedback loop that leads from initial status allocation to status confirmation. We investigate the formalized process of repeated status allocation in annual elections to the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star game. Using detailed records on player performances allows us to isolate the Matthew effect from actual productivity differences to show that a previous All-Star nomination improves the chances to be re-nominated. We demonstrate that this Matthew effect is partly explained by improved productivity after an All-Star nomination, but voters’ evaluations are also directly biased by a player’s prior status. Multiple previous nominations further improve a player’s chances, confirming the importance of cumulative status bias. The resulting status-biased persistence of achieved status implies ever greater decoupling of productivity and status, undermining the meritocratic allocation of status and resources even more than the existing literature acknowledges.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"189 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change in Personal Culture over the Life Course 人生历程中个人文化的变化

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231156456

P. Lersch

{"title":"Change in Personal Culture over the Life Course","authors":"P. Lersch","doi":"10.1177/00031224231156456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231156456","url":null,"abstract":"Prior literature finds stability in personal culture, such as attitudes and values, in individuals’ life courses using short-running panel data. This work has concluded that lasting change in personal culture is rare after formative early years. This conclusion conflicts with a growing body of evidence for changes in personal culture after significant life course transitions, drawing on long-running panel data. To integrate these conflicting findings, the current study develops and applies a life course adaption model of personal culture, accounting for early imprinting and the continued possibility for change. Drawing on rich data from six long-running panel studies from five countries (BHPS, HILDA, PSID, SHP, SOEP, UKHLS) and 428 measures of personal culture, I test the theoretical expectations using mixed-effects modeling and an individual participant data meta-analysis. Results support the life course adaption model. Although lasting, non-transitory, within-individual changes in personal culture are relatively small compared to stable between-individual differences, I find strong support for the proposition that individuals change persistently in their personal culture as they move through the life course. These changes are partly dependent on prior biographical experiences. Finally, personal culture fluctuates substantially from year to year. Change in personal culture is increasingly varied for younger birth cohorts.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"220 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41747341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Racial Inequality in Work Environments 工作环境中的种族不平等

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231157303

Letian Zhang

{"title":"Racial Inequality in Work Environments","authors":"Letian Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00031224231157303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231157303","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm culture, managerial style, and work-life balance. I theorize two processes that could lead to racial inequality in firms’ work environments: (1) employee sorting due to exclusionary practices, and (2) spillover from racial differences in occupation and geographic location. To test this, I gathered a unique firm-level dataset composed of one million employee reviews, covering most large and medium-sized firms in the United States. I show that firms with more Black employees score lower for managerial quality, firm culture, and work-life balance, and firms with more Asian employees score higher on these dimensions. However, Asian employees’ advantage disappears when controlling for occupation, industry, and geography, whereas Black employees’ disadvantage persists, suggesting that the process of firm-level employee sorting is at work. Consistent with this, I find that Black employees’ disadvantage is strongest in areas with more conservative racial attitudes and more prevalent workplace racial discrimination. I then replicated the main findings using two entirely different data sources. Together, these results underscore racial inequality in work environments, an overlooked but important dimension of workplace inequality.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"252 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64791743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“Born for a Storm”: Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest “为风暴而生”:极右翼社交媒体和内乱

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231156190

Daniel Karell, A. Linke, E. Holland, Edward L. Hendrickson

引用次数: 5

Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access 不在我的校园:教育机会中的残疾歧视

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221150433

Lauren A. Rivera, András Tilcsik

{"title":"Not in My Schoolyard: Disability Discrimination in Educational Access","authors":"Lauren A. Rivera, András Tilcsik","doi":"10.1177/00031224221150433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221150433","url":null,"abstract":"Disabled people constitute the largest minority group in the United States, and disability discrimination is prohibited under federal law. Nevertheless, disability has received limited attention in the sociology of discrimination. We examine disability discrimination in an important gatekeeping interaction: access to public education. In an audit study of more than 20,000 public schools, we sent emails to principals from fictitious prospective parents asking for a school tour, varying the child’s disability status and gender and the parent’s race. Principals were significantly less likely to respond when the child had a disability, especially when the email came from a Black (rather than White) parent. A survey experiment with 578 principals revealed possible mechanisms. Principals viewed disabled students as more likely to impose a significant burden on schools, but disabled Black students faced an additional disadvantage due to stereotypes of their parents, who were perceived to be less valuable future members of the school community in terms of fundraising, volunteering, and other forms of engagement to support the school. Our results highlight that discrimination against people with disabilities begins long before the labor market and illuminate how the intersection between disability and race shapes inequalities in educational access.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"284 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43843482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

State Categories, Bureaucracies of Displacement, and Possibilities from the Margins. 国家类别、流离失所的官僚机构和边缘的可能性

IF 7.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221145727

Cecilia Menjívar

引用次数: 0

Higher Education and the Black-White Earnings Gap 高等教育与黑人-白人收入差距

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221141887

Xiaoping Zhou, Guanghui Pan

{"title":"Higher Education and the Black-White Earnings Gap","authors":"Xiaoping Zhou, Guanghui Pan","doi":"10.1177/00031224221141887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221141887","url":null,"abstract":"How does higher education shape the Black-White earnings gap? It may help close the gap if Black youth benefit more from attending and completing college than do White youth. On the other hand, Black college-goers are less likely to complete college relative to White students, and this disparity in degree completion helps reproduce racial inequality. In this study, we use a novel causal decomposition and a debiased machine learning method to isolate, quantify, and explain the equalizing and stratifying roles of college. Analyzing data from the NLSY97, we find that a bachelor’s degree has a strong equalizing effect on earnings among men (albeit not among women); yet, at the population level, this equalizing effect is partly offset by unequal likelihoods of bachelor’s completion between Black and White students. Moreover, a bachelor’s degree narrows the male Black-White earnings gap not by reducing the influence of class background and pre-college academic ability, but by lessening the “unexplained” penalty of being Black in the labor market. To illuminate the policy implications of our findings, we estimate counterfactual earnings gaps under a series of stylized educational interventions. We find that interventions that both boost rates of college attendance and bachelor’s completion and close racial disparities in these transitions can substantially reduce the Black-White earnings gap.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"154 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42804902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Hierarchies in the Decentralized Welfare State: Prioritization in the Housing Choice Voucher Program 去中心化福利国家的等级制度：住房选择券计划的优先顺序

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221147899

Simone Zhang, Rebecca A. Johnson

{"title":"Hierarchies in the Decentralized Welfare State: Prioritization in the Housing Choice Voucher Program","authors":"Simone Zhang, Rebecca A. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00031224221147899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221147899","url":null,"abstract":"Social provision in the United States is highly decentralized. Significant federal and state funding flows to local organizational actors, who are granted discretion over how to allocate resources to people in need. In welfare states where many programs are underfunded and decoupled from local need, how does decentralization shape who gets what? This article identifies forces that shape how local actors classify help-seekers when they ration scarce resources, focusing on the case of prioritization in the Housing Choice Voucher Program. We use network methods to represent and analyze 1,398 local prioritization policies. Our results reveal two patterns that challenge expectations from past literature. First, we observe classificatory restraint, or many organizations choosing not to draw fine distinctions between applicants to prioritize. Second, when organizations do institute priority categories, policies often advantage applicants who are formally institutionally connected to the local community. Interviews with officials, in turn, reveal how prioritization schemes reflect housing agencies’ position within a matrix of intra-organizational, inter-organizational, and vertical forces that structure the meaning and cost of classifying help-seekers. These findings illustrate how local organizations’ use of classification to solve on-the-ground organizational problems and manage scarce resources can generate additional forms of exclusion.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"114 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Embracing Market Liberalism? Community Structure, Embeddedness, and Mutual Savings and Loan Conversions to Stock Corporations 拥抱市场自由主义?社区结构、嵌入性与股份公司的相互储蓄和贷款转换

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221138079

Marc Schneiberg, Adam Goldstein, Matthew S. Kraatz

{"title":"Embracing Market Liberalism? Community Structure, Embeddedness, and Mutual Savings and Loan Conversions to Stock Corporations","authors":"Marc Schneiberg, Adam Goldstein, Matthew S. Kraatz","doi":"10.1177/00031224221138079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221138079","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating research on communities with economic and organizational sociology, we analyze how organizations’ responses to marketization are shaped by their embeddedness in communities and the socio-associational structure of those communities. We address these relations via event-history analyses of mutual conversions to stock corporations among savings and loan associations (SLAs) in the United States, a population of depositor-owned and traditionally community-based banks that demutualized amid deregulation during the 1970s and 1980s. Consistent with accounts of social disorganization and declining social capital, SLA managers abandoned mutual for corporate enterprise as SLAs became less locally embedded, and where communities experienced disorganization and declining working- or cross-class associationalism. Yet conversions also depended on elite detachment, civic reorganization, bifurcation within communities, and “upwardly oriented” associations that helped SLA managers reorient SLAs from Main Street to Wall Street. Through this study, we look beyond networks, institutions, and categories to add communities and local associations to economic sociology’s toolkit for understanding the social foundations of firms and markets. We show how financialization coupled macro-level political-institutional dynamics of marketization with community-level dynamics of elite disconnection, class and ethno-racial fracture, and civic reorganization, while also shedding light on the contemporary fates of mutual and cooperative forms.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"53 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42758630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0