American Sociological Review最新文献_第4页

Understanding Patterns and Trends in Income Mobility through Multiverse Analysis 通过多元分析理解收入流动的模式和趋势

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231180607

Per Engzell, C. Mood

引用次数: 3

The Politics of Police 警察的政治

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231173070

S. Donahue

引用次数: 0

“Everyone Thinks They’re Special”: How Schools Teach Children Their Social Station “每个人都认为自己很特别”：学校如何教会孩子他们的社会地位

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231172785

P. Harvey

{"title":"“Everyone Thinks They’re Special”: How Schools Teach Children Their Social Station","authors":"P. Harvey","doi":"10.1177/00031224231172785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231172785","url":null,"abstract":"Sociologists have identified many ways that childhood inequalities promote social reproduction. These inequalities are not always explicitly linked to what children are taught about their position and direction in the world, what I term their social station. Extant case studies find that social station socialization has meritocratic underpinnings (e.g., elite boarding schoolers are taught they are the “best of the best”). But societal changes, including increased emphasis on identity in educational institutions’ and employers’ evaluative practices, raise the prospect of similar changes in childhood socialization. I conducted three years of observations in two racially diverse elementary schools—one upper-middle class, the other working class—supplemented by interviews with 101 students, teachers, and parents. Students were taught markedly different lessons about their social station, but neither school predicated this on meritocratic achievement narratives. Overall, children at the upper-middle-class school were taught to see themselves as always-already special because of their internal qualities. Children at the working-class school were taught to see themselves as conditionally good if they adhered to external rules. Variations were visible for Asian American girls at the upper-middle-class school and poor students and Black students at the working-class school. I discuss the importance of school socialization and the implications of discrimination, identity rhetoric, and individualism for social reproduction.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"493 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42151312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guns versus Climate: How Militarization Amplifies the Effect of Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions 枪支与气候：军事化如何放大经济增长对碳排放的影响

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231169790

Andrew K. Jorgenson, Brett Clark, Ryan P. Thombs, Jeffrey Kentor, Jennifer E. Givens, Xiaorui Huang, Hassan O. El Tinay, Daniel Auerbach, Matthew C. Mahutga

{"title":"Guns versus Climate: How Militarization Amplifies the Effect of Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions","authors":"Andrew K. Jorgenson, Brett Clark, Ryan P. Thombs, Jeffrey Kentor, Jennifer E. Givens, Xiaorui Huang, Hassan O. El Tinay, Daniel Auerbach, Matthew C. Mahutga","doi":"10.1177/00031224231169790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231169790","url":null,"abstract":"Building on cornerstone traditions in historical sociology, as well as work in environmental sociology and political-economic sociology, we theorize and investigate with moderation analysis how and why national militaries shape the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. Militaries exert a substantial influence on the production and consumption patterns of economies, and the environmental demands required to support their evolving infrastructure. As far-reaching and distinct characteristics of contemporary militarization, we suggest that both the size and capital intensiveness of the world’s militaries enlarge the effect of economic growth on nations’ carbon emissions. In particular, we posit that each increases the extent to which the other amplifies the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. To test our arguments, we estimate longitudinal models of emissions for 106 nations from 1990 to 2016. Across various model specifications, robustness checks, a range of sensitivity analyses, and counterfactual analysis, the findings consistently support our propositions. Beyond advancing the environment and economic growth literature in sociology, this study makes significant contributions to sociological research on climate change and the climate crisis, and it underscores the importance of considering the military in scholarship across the discipline.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"418 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How New Ideas Diffuse in Science 新思想如何在科学中传播

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231166955

Mengjie Cheng, D. Smith, Xiang Ren, Hancheng Cao, Sanne Smith, Daniel A. McFarland

{"title":"How New Ideas Diffuse in Science","authors":"Mengjie Cheng, D. Smith, Xiang Ren, Hancheng Cao, Sanne Smith, Daniel A. McFarland","doi":"10.1177/00031224231166955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231166955","url":null,"abstract":"What conditions enable novel intellectual contributions to diffuse and become integrated into later scientific work? Prior work tends to focus on whole cultural products, such as patents and articles, and emphasizes external social factors as important. This article focuses on concepts as reflections of ideas, and we identify the combined influence that social factors and internal intellectual structures have on ideational diffusion. To develop this perspective, we use computational techniques to identify nearly 60,000 new ideas introduced over two decades (1993 to 2016) in the Web of Science and follow their diffusion across 38 million later publications. We find new ideas diffuse more widely when they socially and intellectually resonate. New ideas become core concepts of science when they reach expansive networks of unrelated authors, achieve consistent intellectual usage, are associated with other prominent ideas, and fit with extant research traditions. These ecological conditions play an increasingly decisive role later in an idea’s career, after their relations with the environment are established. This work advances the systematic study of scientific ideas by moving beyond products to focus on the content of ideas themselves and applies a relational perspective that takes seriously the contingency of their success.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"522 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45828975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Individual Empowerment, Institutional Confidence, and Vaccination Rates in Cross-National Perspective, 1995 to 2018 1995年至2018年跨国视角下的个人赋权、机构信心和疫苗接种率

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231162869

W. Cole, Evan Schofer, Kristopher Velasco

{"title":"Individual Empowerment, Institutional Confidence, and Vaccination Rates in Cross-National Perspective, 1995 to 2018","authors":"W. Cole, Evan Schofer, Kristopher Velasco","doi":"10.1177/00031224231162869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231162869","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, rates of childhood vaccination against diseases such as measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus declined worldwide. An extensive literature examines the correlates and motives of vaccine hesitancy—the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines—among individuals, but little macrosociological theory or research seeks to explain changes in country-level vaccine uptake in global and comparative perspective. Drawing on existing research on vaccine hesitancy and recent developments in world society theory, we link cross-national variation in vaccination rates to two global cultural processes: the dramatic empowerment of individuals and declining confidence in liberal institutions. Both processes, we argue, emerged endogenously in liberal world culture, instigated by the neoliberal turn of the 1980s and 1990s. Fixed- and random-effects panel regression analyses of data for 80 countries between 1995 and 2018 support our claim that individualism and lack of institutional confidence contributed to the global decline in vaccination rates. We also find that individualism is itself partly responsible for declining institutional confidence. Our framework of world-cultural change might be extended to help make sense of recent post-liberal challenges in other domains.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"379 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies 从暴力中获得清晰?群体内部攻击与地位等级结构

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231162867

J. Chu

{"title":"Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies","authors":"J. Chu","doi":"10.1177/00031224231162867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231162867","url":null,"abstract":"Status hierarchies are fundamental forms of social order that structure peer interactions like intragroup aggression. The reciprocal relationship, however, remains unclear. Does intragroup aggression strengthen, or weaken, status hierarchies? Under what conditions? To answer these questions, I analyze an original dataset containing victimization and directed friendship networks of 8,229 adolescents across 256 classes and three semesters. Measuring the strength of status hierarchies by how likely friendship nominations are characterized by hierarchical triads, I show that peer aggression weakens status hierarchies, and temporal sequences indicate the results are unlikely to be explained by reverse causality. I theorize that clear status hierarchies emerge through coordinated reallocations of esteem, and peer aggression engenders hierarchy primarily by giving onlookers shared opportunities to coordinate. Peer aggression, however, is frequently ambiguous, and onlookers arrive at inconsistent interpretations, fragmenting how they assign esteem and reducing the clarity of status distinctions. Additional analyses confirm that whether peer aggression strengthens or weakens status hierarchies depends on the consistent perceptions of onlookers. Taken together, this research demonstrates the significance of third-party onlookers and their ability to consistently interpret interactions, while offering new explanations for when peer aggression is self-limiting or persistent.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"454 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47932538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contested by the State: Institutional Offloading in the Case of Crossover Youth 国家的挑战：跨性别青年的制度负担

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231160297

Catherine Sirois

{"title":"Contested by the State: Institutional Offloading in the Case of Crossover Youth","authors":"Catherine Sirois","doi":"10.1177/00031224231160297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231160297","url":null,"abstract":"How do people become the responsibility of one state institution over another? Prevailing theory suggests that marginalized groups are funneled toward increasingly coercive control over the life course, yet more coercive institutions may not always assume responsibility for people sent their way. This article uses the unique case of crossover youth—children at the junction of child welfare and juvenile justice systems—to illustrate how state institutions negotiate and contest responsibility for marginalized groups. To explain this process, I advance a conceptual framework of institutional offloading, which contends that institutional actors seek to offload responsibility for eligible tasks or clients they perceive to unduly strain the resources at their disposal and expose them to blame. Drawing on ethnographic data from a California juvenile court and interviews with court actors, the analysis demonstrates how actors from Social Services, on one side, and Probation, on the other, attempt to offload responsibility for crossover youth. In this process, institutional actors construct and contest crossover youths’ status as dependent or delinquent. The findings highlight the importance of analyzing governance decisions as interlocking state processes and illuminate mechanisms by which the pipeline to prison for marginalized groups may be perpetuated and potentially disrupted.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"350 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47576434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

They Can’t All Be Stars: The Matthew Effect, Cumulative Status Bias, and Status Persistence in NBA All-Star Elections 他们不可能都是明星：NBA全明星选举中的马太效应、累积状态偏差和状态持续性

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231159139

T. Biegert, M. Kühhirt, W. Van Lancker

{"title":"They Can’t All Be Stars: The Matthew Effect, Cumulative Status Bias, and Status Persistence in NBA All-Star Elections","authors":"T. Biegert, M. Kühhirt, W. Van Lancker","doi":"10.1177/00031224231159139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231159139","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the extent to and mechanisms through which Matthew effects create persistent status hierarchies. We propose a model that highlights the role of cumulative status bias in the feedback loop that leads from initial status allocation to status confirmation. We investigate the formalized process of repeated status allocation in annual elections to the National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star game. Using detailed records on player performances allows us to isolate the Matthew effect from actual productivity differences to show that a previous All-Star nomination improves the chances to be re-nominated. We demonstrate that this Matthew effect is partly explained by improved productivity after an All-Star nomination, but voters’ evaluations are also directly biased by a player’s prior status. Multiple previous nominations further improve a player’s chances, confirming the importance of cumulative status bias. The resulting status-biased persistence of achieved status implies ever greater decoupling of productivity and status, undermining the meritocratic allocation of status and resources even more than the existing literature acknowledges.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"189 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change in Personal Culture over the Life Course 人生历程中个人文化的变化

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00031224231156456

P. Lersch

{"title":"Change in Personal Culture over the Life Course","authors":"P. Lersch","doi":"10.1177/00031224231156456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231156456","url":null,"abstract":"Prior literature finds stability in personal culture, such as attitudes and values, in individuals’ life courses using short-running panel data. This work has concluded that lasting change in personal culture is rare after formative early years. This conclusion conflicts with a growing body of evidence for changes in personal culture after significant life course transitions, drawing on long-running panel data. To integrate these conflicting findings, the current study develops and applies a life course adaption model of personal culture, accounting for early imprinting and the continued possibility for change. Drawing on rich data from six long-running panel studies from five countries (BHPS, HILDA, PSID, SHP, SOEP, UKHLS) and 428 measures of personal culture, I test the theoretical expectations using mixed-effects modeling and an individual participant data meta-analysis. Results support the life course adaption model. Although lasting, non-transitory, within-individual changes in personal culture are relatively small compared to stable between-individual differences, I find strong support for the proposition that individuals change persistently in their personal culture as they move through the life course. These changes are partly dependent on prior biographical experiences. Finally, personal culture fluctuates substantially from year to year. Change in personal culture is increasingly varied for younger birth cohorts.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"220 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41747341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2