A. Jover Martínez , Lotte H.J.M. Lemmens , Eiko I. Fried , Jonas M.B. Haslbeck , Anne Roefs
{"title":"Does the structure of dynamic symptom networks depend on baseline psychopathology in students?","authors":"A. Jover Martínez , Lotte H.J.M. Lemmens , Eiko I. Fried , Jonas M.B. Haslbeck , Anne Roefs","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Network theory conceptualizes mental disorders as systems of dynamic interactions among symptoms and other variables, and proposes that people with psychopathology have distinct networks as compared to healthy people. However, this idea is rarely investigated, and networks are mostly estimated on cross-sectional data. Importantly, as network theory is specified on the within-person level, it is necessary to estimate networks based on intensive time-series data. This study estimated contemporaneous and temporal transdiagnostic networks on time-series data of participants with different levels of psychopathology. 192 university students completed an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) protocol. A newly developed bootstrap method was used to compare the multi-level Vector Autoregressive (mlVAR) effects between groups. Network connectivity did not differ between groups. Only a few edges differed significantly between groups, with small effect sizes. These results suggest that networks of groups of people with different levels of psychopathology might not differ. Explanations and implications for these results, such as the impact of focusing on heterogeneous groups instead of homogeneous groups or individuals, the relevance of node levels, and methodological and analytical decisions, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nele Assmann , Tim Kaiser , Philipp Herzog , Arnoud Arntz , Jan Philipp Klein , Eva Fassbinder , Anja Schaich
{"title":"Differential effectiveness of dialectical behavioural therapy and schema therapy in patients with borderline personality disorder: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial","authors":"Nele Assmann , Tim Kaiser , Philipp Herzog , Arnoud Arntz , Jan Philipp Klein , Eva Fassbinder , Anja Schaich","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) can be treated successfully with specific psychological treatments, but there is no clear evidence of superiority of one specific treatment at the group level. Due to high heterogeneity in BPD, individual patients might benefit differently from specific treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on a randomised trial comparing 18 months of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and schema therapy (ST) for BPD, differential effectiveness was examined using causal forest analyses. Baseline variables on BPD criteria, general psychopathology, traumatic childhood experiences, rejection sensitivity, level of functioning, coping skills, schemas and medication were included to predict the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI-IV) during treatment and follow-up (24 and 30 months after start of treatment).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A subgroup was identified that benefited significantly more from DBT compared to ST. This group showed a significantly greater reduction in symptoms post treatment (post-treatment difference of 5.79 BPDSI points, SMD = 0.65, p = .028), but no longer at follow-up (p = .771). The group that showed better results with DBT displayed a pattern of specific baseline characteristics: higher levels of functioning, less frequent emotional neglect and sexual abuse, more severe anxiety symptoms and more pronounced schema ’failure to achieve’. No pattern of variables was identified associated with a superiority of ST.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Moderators of the short-term effect of DBT versus ST were found. However, this moderator effect was no longer significant at follow-up. Identifying patient characteristics associated with differential treatment effect might be a promising way to improve BPD treatment outcomes faster.</div><div>Retrospectively registered (German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00011534) without protocol changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marieke C. ten Napel-Schutz , Simona Karbouniaris , Suzanne H.W. Mares , Tineke A. Abma , Arnoud Arntz
{"title":"Implementing Adjunct Trauma-Focused Imagery Rescripting in Inpatient Treatment for patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders and PTSD: Therapist Challenges and the Supporting Role of Peer Group Supervision","authors":"Marieke C. ten Napel-Schutz , Simona Karbouniaris , Suzanne H.W. Mares , Tineke A. Abma , Arnoud Arntz","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trauma-focused therapies like Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) are seldom offered to patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders (uED) and PTSD, due to doubts about their emotional and cognitive capacities. However, high rates of PTSD comorbidity in this group highlight the need for tailored trauma interventions. This study examines therapists’ experiences applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and how Peer Group Supervision sessions (PGSs) supported treatment delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using 11 semi-structured therapist interviews and 32 PGS recordings. Data were analyzed, summarized and classified within a thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Therapists initially used PGSs to validate their application of ImRs. Over time, PGSs facilitated skills development through role-play, peer exchange, and reflective dialogue. Four main themes emerged: 1) determining the right moment to start rescripting; 2) challenges specific to uED; 3) topics related to ImRs sessions in which patients had to rescript; 4) the therapists' progress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With appropriate protocol modifications and PGSs, ImRs appears both feasible and valuable for uED patients with PTSD. This study aims to inform the feasibility of applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and practical suggestions that supported treatment delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (NTR6094), registered 09/23/2016.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imagery Rescripting: an update of the treatment protocol","authors":"Arnoud Arntz","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a transdiagnostic technique to treat aversive memories of real (traumatic) experiences, or of aversive fantasies, such as nightmares and future projections. ImRs is getting increasingly popular, and can be used either as a standalone treatment or as part of treatment packages consisting of different techniques. It has been more than 25 years ago that a detailed treatment protocol of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) was published (Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories; theory and practice. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(8),</em> 715–740). New clinical and research insights have led to changes in the protocol, and large scale studies are based on this updated protocol. The most important changes include that it is now strongly recommended that the therapist does the rescripting in the first sessions, while the patient does the rescripting during the later sessions; and that the rescripting should start at the most difficult moment of the memory (the “hotspot”). Moreover, a standard series of questions helps to deepen the emotional processing, while specific ingredients of the rescripting help to increase the impact of the corrective experience offered by the technique. This paper presents and discusses the updated protocol as it has been developed and tested in the treatment of childhood trauma. It also offers solutions for possible problems that can be encountered in clinical practice, and discusses variations of the technique, including how to apply it to adulthood trauma's, to nightmares, and to a range of disorders and clinical problems, including pathological grief, and feared future catastrophes. It is explained that the working mechanism does not rely on installing false memories, and how therapists can prevent that false memories are installed. Finally, the paper provides a set of practical appendices including a treatment rationale and a handout that can be given to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shir Porat-Butman , Görkem Ayas , Stefanie Rita Balle , Julia Carranza-Neira , Natalia E. Fares-Otero , Alla Hemi , Billy Jansson , Antonia Lüönd , Tanja Michael , Dany Laure Wadji , Misari Oe , Roxanne M. Sopp , Tanya Tandon , Ulrich Schnyder , Monique Pfaltz , Einat Levy-Gigi
{"title":"From maltreatment to mistrust: Impaired belief updating as a mechanism linking childhood maltreatment to interpersonal and clinical outcomes","authors":"Shir Porat-Butman , Görkem Ayas , Stefanie Rita Balle , Julia Carranza-Neira , Natalia E. Fares-Otero , Alla Hemi , Billy Jansson , Antonia Lüönd , Tanja Michael , Dany Laure Wadji , Misari Oe , Roxanne M. Sopp , Tanya Tandon , Ulrich Schnyder , Monique Pfaltz , Einat Levy-Gigi","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood maltreatment (CM), defined as caregiver-perpetrated abuse or neglect during childhood or adolescence, is associated with enduring social dysfunction. Adults with a history of CM often maintain greater interpersonal distance from both friends and strangers, regardless of relational closeness. Predictive-processing models suggest that such impairments may stem from the development of overly precise negative beliefs about others, which are resistant to updating, even in the face of contradictory information. The current study investigated whether the ability to form and update social beliefs varies as a function of CM history, and whether belief updating moderates the association between CM and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following trauma exposure in adulthood. One hundred and eighteen participants completed a battery of questionnaires and a performance-based task assessing belief formation and updating about friends and strangers. Results indicated no CM-related differences in initial belief formation. However, as predicted, adults with a CM history showed impaired belief updating when interacting with strangers. Importantly, deficits in stranger-related belief updating moderated the relationship between CM severity and PTSD symptoms: those with poor updating showed a stronger association between CM and PTSD, while those with greater flexibility in belief updating reported low symptom levels regardless of maltreatment severity. These findings suggest that CM may disrupt adaptive belief updating in interpersonal contexts, contributing to later vulnerability to psychopathology. The results highlight the potential value of targeting social cognitive processes, particularly belief updating, in interventions aimed at improving social functioning and psychological resilience among individuals with a history of CM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham
{"title":"Digital health interventions for occupational burnout in healthcare professionals: a multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial","authors":"Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Occupational burnout affects between 11 % and 30 % of healthcare professionals and is associated with staff sickness, job turnover, increased costs and poorer quality of care. This study aimed to compare the effects of two theoretically distinctive interventions for burnout in healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial recruited 465 healthcare professionals working across 20 National Health Service (NHS) providers in England. Recruitment took place between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to digital health interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; n = 227) or job crafting (JC; n = 238), each of which lasted 6-weeks and involved participation in weekly webinars (1hr) supplemented by online coping skills modules. The primary outcome (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) was measured at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Between-group differences were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline measures, testing a non-inferiority hypothesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 6 weeks, the adjusted mean difference of 0.47 (95 % CI: –0.25 to 1.20; <em>p</em> = .197) in the OLBI favoured CBT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the non-inferiority hypothesis was not supported based on a pre-specified minimum clinically important difference. At 6 months, the adjusted mean difference favoured CBT indicating superiority; 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.05 to 1.54; <em>p</em> = .036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Brief digital health interventions can help to improve occupational burnout and well-being in healthcare professionals. CBT was more effective than JC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial to “The role of belief updating in psychopathology: Relevance, mechanisms, and clinical implications”","authors":"Tobias Κube, Jonas Everaert","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomas Meaney , Vijay Yadav , Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy , Richard Bryant
{"title":"The distinctive digital phenotypes of different emotion regulation strategies","authors":"Tomas Meaney , Vijay Yadav , Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy , Richard Bryant","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research on cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression suggests that they produce distinct emotion outcomes. The present study, conducted in 2021, assessed whether these regulation strategies produced distinctive facial, vocal and linguistic responses to emotionally evocative, negative images relative to control conditions. Participants (N = 65) were asked to describe these images after being instructed to engage in cognitive reappraisal or no regulation, or expressive suppression compared to no regulation. Cognitive reappraisal was distinguished from no regulation by higher levels of vocal activity, more positive speech and less self-reported negative reactions to the images, suggesting that it changed the valence of the elicited emotion. Expressive suppression was distinguished from no regulation by diminished overall facial expressivity, negative facial expressivity and head movement deviation. These patterns indicate that these emotion regulation strategies result in distinct emotional responses across multiple emotional channels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorra Garey , Ava A. Jones , Pamella Nizio , Tzuan A. Chen , Julia D. Buckner , Brooke Y. Redmond , Michael S. Businelle , Marshall K. Cheney , Ezemenari M. Obasi , Michael J. Zvolensky
{"title":"Mobile intervention to address cannabis use disorder among black adults: A proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial","authors":"Lorra Garey , Ava A. Jones , Pamella Nizio , Tzuan A. Chen , Julia D. Buckner , Brooke Y. Redmond , Michael S. Businelle , Marshall K. Cheney , Ezemenari M. Obasi , Michael J. Zvolensky","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>African American or Black adults who use cannabis face significant cannabis-related health disparities, including more frequent cannabis use and higher rates of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) relative to non-Hispanic/Latinx White adults who use cannabis. This highlights the need for accessible, culturally tailored interventions that address the unique needs of Black adults with CUD. This study evaluated the feasibility, utilization, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a culturally tailored mobile intervention (Culturally Tailored-Mobile Integrated Cannabis and Anxiety Reduction Treatment [CT-MICART]), integrating false safety behavior (FSB) reduction or elimination skills with use reduction or cessation skills.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 50, 50.0% female, <em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 42.9 years, <em>SD</em> = 10.7) were randomized to: 1) CT-MICART + ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) or 2) EMAs-only for a period of 6-weeks. Feasibility outcomes included enrollment, retention, and EMA completion rates, and utilization was assessed via app feature engagement. Acceptability was evaluated via self-reported app satisfaction, and preliminary efficacy was examined by testing changes in cannabis use outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results indicated strong feasibility, high utilization, and positive acceptability. Participants in the CT-MICART + EMA group demonstrated statistically significantly lower cannabis use frequency rates and less time spent intoxicated from cannabis compared to the EMA-only group. No significant effects were observed for cannabis-related problems, CUD severity, or FSB use at the 6-week follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides initial evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of CT-MICART + EMA for certain cannabis use processes among Black adults with probable CUD. Larger trials are necessary to test whether CT-MICART holds potential as a scalable solution to support use reduction or cessation goals for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baraah Abu Saleh , Baruch Perlman , Gil Burg , Nilly Mor
{"title":"Updating inferences about negative events: Does the direction of the update matter?","authors":"Baraah Abu Saleh , Baruch Perlman , Gil Burg , Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belief updating—the revision of beliefs in light of new evidence—is central to adaptive cognition and emotion regulation yet often disrupted in emotional disorders. This study examines the overlooked process of internally driven inferential update, the capacity to move spontaneously between competing causal explanations for an event regardless of new information. We address two gaps in literature: whether benefits depend on shift direction or on shifting itself, and whether effects persist to the next day. In two studies we tested inference updating for participants’ personally meaningful negative events. On Day 1 they were assigned to one of three conditions: shifting from depressogenic-to-benign inferences, the reverse shift, or a no-shift control condition. Outcomes were assessed immediately after the manipulation and 24 h later. We tested whether change in symptoms depended on shift direction or on the mere flexibility of shifting across inferences, regardless of direction. We further tested whether trait brooding was associated with the effects of shifting. Across studies, immediate benefits—improved mood and reduced state rumination—were specific to the depressogenic-to-benign condition. On Day 2, Study 1 showed that only the depressogenic-to-benign shift increased benign inferences, whereas Study 2 found that both shift directions did so relative to the no-shift condition. Trait brooding affected emotional reactivity and next-day inferences but did not interact with condition. These findings suggest that internally driven inferential shifts are a viable form of belief updating about emotionally-laden events and highlight the clinical utility of inferential flexibility for addressing maladaptive cognitive and emotional processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}