Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Updating inferences about negative events: Does the direction of the update matter?","authors":"Baraah Abu Saleh ,&nbsp;Baruch Perlman ,&nbsp;Gil Burg ,&nbsp;Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belief updating—the revision of beliefs in light of new evidence—is central to adaptive cognition and emotion regulation yet often disrupted in emotional disorders. This study examines the overlooked process of internally driven inferential update, the capacity to move spontaneously between competing causal explanations for an event regardless of new information. We address two gaps in literature: whether benefits depend on shift direction or on shifting itself, and whether effects persist to the next day. In two studies we tested inference updating for participants’ personally meaningful negative events. On Day 1 they were assigned to one of three conditions: shifting from depressogenic-to-benign inferences, the reverse shift, or a no-shift control condition. Outcomes were assessed immediately after the manipulation and 24 h later. We tested whether change in symptoms depended on shift direction or on the mere flexibility of shifting across inferences, regardless of direction. We further tested whether trait brooding was associated with the effects of shifting. Across studies, immediate benefits—improved mood and reduced state rumination—were specific to the depressogenic-to-benign condition. On Day 2, Study 1 showed that only the depressogenic-to-benign shift increased benign inferences, whereas Study 2 found that both shift directions did so relative to the no-shift condition. Trait brooding affected emotional reactivity and next-day inferences but did not interact with condition. These findings suggest that internally driven inferential shifts are a viable form of belief updating about emotionally-laden events and highlight the clinical utility of inferential flexibility for addressing maladaptive cognitive and emotional processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing parenting skills for pregnant women with depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial of triple P for baby in Kenya","authors":"Japheth Adina ,&nbsp;Alina Morawska ,&nbsp;Amy E. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Divna Haslam ,&nbsp;David Ayuku","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the evidence in favour of <em>Triple P for Baby</em> (TPB), a parenting intervention to support parents at the transition to parenthood in high-income countries, little is known about whether the program would be efficacious in enhancing parenting skills and alleviating psychological distress among women in low-and middle-income countries. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of TPB in Kenya with an urban-based sample of 82 pregnant women with depressive symptoms randomly assigned to the intervention (TPB) or standard care as usual (CAU) conditions. The intervention was delivered prenatally in four group sessions, and postnatally through four individually tailored telephone sessions. Participants were assessed at three-time points, and 90 % of participants were retained at follow-up. We applied intention-to-treat analysis and found improvements in maternal responsiveness and parental confidence and reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms for mothers in the TPB group relative to the CAU group. There were no between-group differences in maternal self-efficacy. Infants of mothers in the TPB group had better outcomes for attaining fine motor and receptive language milestones compared to infants of mothers allocated to CAU. The findings of this trial indicate that <em>Triple P for Baby</em> is an efficacious early parenting intervention for women with depressive symptoms in low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagery rescripting of interpersonal transgressions: Forgiveness, revenge, and commitment in the victim-transgressor relationship","authors":"Mathias Twardawski,&nbsp;Gizem Syuleyman","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a well-established psychotherapeutic intervention for treating aversive memories, such as those related to interpersonal transgressions. However, questions remain regarding the optimal implementation of ImRs, particularly concerning which components are most effective. In this experimental study (<em>N</em> = 271), we examined whether guiding participants to imagine forgiving versus taking revenge on a transgressor would differentially affect key emotional and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of the initial victim-transgressor commitment. Participants were instructed to imagine being the victims in a fictional interpersonal transgression. The imagined transgressor was a person with whom they had either a weak or strong commitment. Participants then engaged in an audio-guided ImRs session oriented toward either forgiveness or revenge, before indicating their aggressive inclinations, positive and negative affect, justice-related satisfaction, and feelings of empowerment. Results indicated that forgiveness-oriented ImRs led to lower aggressive inclinations and negative affect, as well as higher justice-related satisfaction, compared to revenge-oriented ImRs. No differences emerged between conditions in positive affect and feelings of empowerment. Moreover, the effectiveness of both ImRs approaches was independent of the victim-transgressor commitment. These findings suggest that forgiveness-oriented ImRs may offer a promising approach to reduce the emotional consequences of transgressions, with a reduced risk of increasing aggressive inclinations among victims. This highlights the potential value of incorporating forgiveness into ImRs protocols. However, given the fictional nature of the transgression and the standardized, non-clinical setting, further research is needed to evaluate the clinical applicability of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to understanding factors related to treatment retention in an online mental health support service: Analysis of a service database behaviour research and therapy (194), November 2025, 104875","authors":"Breanne Hobden,&nbsp;Lauren Pollock,&nbsp;Vincent Lau,&nbsp;Sarah Leask,&nbsp;Kristy Fakes","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to images of post-bushfire disaster impacts fear learning and extinction","authors":"Lindsey J. Franklin-Browne ,&nbsp;Kathryn L. Modecki ,&nbsp;Allison M. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to natural disasters, such as bushfires, increases vulnerability for poor psychological outcomes. Large scale reviews have increased our understanding of risk factors associated with disaster related maladjustment, however this relationship remains unclear. This study examined the effect of exposure to resource loss in the post-bushfire disaster environment on fear learning and extinction pathways. Participants (70 adults; 73 % female, 17–58 years of age, <em>M</em> = 23.77, <em>SD</em> = 8.16) were randomly allocated to view scenes depicting post-bushfire resource loss (post-bushfire disaster group) or no disaster (community group) followed by all participants completing a discriminative Pavlovian conditioning task including habituation, conditioning, extinction, and retest phases. During acquisition, one shape (CS+) was paired with an aversive tone as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and another shape (CS-) was presented alone, while both CSs were presented alone during extinction and retest phases. Subjective ratings of fear, worry and sadness, were obtained before and after picture viewing and between learning task phases whilst ratings of CS pleasantness and arousal were obtained before and after learning task phases. Skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded to the CSs during all phases. The post-bushfire disaster group reported more subjective fear, worry and sadness after viewing images relative to the community group. The post-bushfire disaster group also showed significantly larger orienting SCRs to both CSs during acquisition relative to the community group and significantly smaller orienting SCRs to both CSs and undifferentiated anticipatory SCRs during extinction relative to the community group. During retest, the post-bushfire disaster group exhibited significantly larger anticipatory SCRs to both CSs compared to the community group. There were no group differences in between phase ratings of CS+ and CS- unpleasantness and arousal and no group differences in subjective anxiety ratings between learning task phases. Exposure to post-bushfire resource loss may increase fear conditioning and generalisation to safe stimuli, impair safety learning, and increase reactivity when re-exposed to fear stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief imagery rescripting is equivalent to imaginal exposure in improving response to worry images among high worry individuals","authors":"Lauren Stavropoulos ,&nbsp;Isaac Sabel ,&nbsp;David D.J. Cooper ,&nbsp;Jill M. Newby ,&nbsp;Jessica G. Grisham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Generalized anxiety disorder is characterised by aversive mental images of feared outcomes. This study investigated whether a single session of imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive images regarding a feared event than imaginal exposure among individuals high in trait worry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Undergraduate participants (N = 89) high in trait worry attended a 45-min video-call session with a psychologist in which they identified a worry image, rated their anxiety, worry, threat appraisals, and imagery-related distress, and were randomised to 15-min therapist-guided imagery rescripting or imaginal exposure. Imagery rescripting involved rewriting the worry image to achieve a positive outcome. Participants were asked to listen to a recording of the exercise on three days and provided outcome ratings after 1 week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Linear mixed effect modelling revealed both conditions produced medium-to-large decreases in worry, anxiety, threat appraisals, and frequency and distress associated with worry images between baseline and 1-week post-intervention (<em>d</em>s = 0.54-0.2.33). Results were comparable between conditions, and the study hypotheses predicting that imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in outcome variables than imaginal exposure were not supported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A novel, future-oriented imagery rescripting intervention produced comparable effects to imaginal exposure in improving participants’ anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive imagery regarding their worries 1 week later. However, the intervention was not superior to imaginal exposure as predicted. Future studies may further investigate longer term outcomes and mechanisms of change of imagery rescripting for worry, and apply imagery rescripting with clinical samples and comparison to additional comparator conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does treating emotional memories come at a price? Effects of single-session EMDR, imaginal exposure, and imagery rescripting on forced-choice recognition of event details in healthy adults – a laboratory study","authors":"Milena Aleksic,&nbsp;Thomas Ehring,&nbsp;Anna Kunze,&nbsp;Larissa Wolkenstein","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Imaginal Exposure (IE), and Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) are effective trauma-focused interventions. However, concerns persist that they may impair the accuracy of memories addressed in treatment. This laboratory study tested whether a single session of EMDR, IE, or ImRs affects forced-choice recognition in healthy adults.</div><div>Two hundred sixty-five participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and received EMDR, IE, ImRs, or no intervention (NIC) the following day. One week later, memory for the TSST was assessed using a forced-choice recognition task (one target; three plausible foils).</div><div>Contrary to expectations, the interventions did not differentially affect recognition performance; the number of correct answers was comparable to NIC across intervention groups. For ImRs and IE, this aligns with recent findings suggesting that they do not impair recognition memory. For EMDR, prior experimental studies linked eye movements to poorer delayed free recall, stimulus discrimination, and yes/no recognition. Here, we observed no impairment in delayed forced-choice recognition, suggesting that previously reported negative effects may not generalize across memory outcomes or task formats.</div><div>Overall, these findings indicate that trauma-focused interventions do not carry a <em>general</em> risk of memory impairment. However, conclusions are limited by the laboratory analogue design, exclusive reliance on a recognition task, and the absence of treatment-integrity checks, which raises the possibility that null effects reflect limited intervention effectiveness. Future research should specify conditions under which these interventions may pose risks, clarify mechanisms underlying task- and memory-specific effects, and examine how findings generalize to clinical populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same same but different: Threat expectancy change and fear reduction as readouts of exposure rationales are only weakly associated and contribute differentially to treatment outcome in anxiety disorders","authors":"Sophie Thaon de Saint André ,&nbsp;Ingmar Heinig ,&nbsp;Volker Arolt ,&nbsp;Christina Bartnick ,&nbsp;Udo Dannlowski ,&nbsp;Jürgen Deckert ,&nbsp;Katharina Domschke ,&nbsp;Thomas Fydrich ,&nbsp;Stephan Goerigk ,&nbsp;Alfons O. Hamm ,&nbsp;Maike Hollandt ,&nbsp;Jürgen Hoyer ,&nbsp;Tilo Kircher ,&nbsp;Katja Koelkebeck ,&nbsp;Ulrike Lueken ,&nbsp;Jürgen Margraf ,&nbsp;Peter Neudeck ,&nbsp;Paul Pauli ,&nbsp;Jan Richter ,&nbsp;Winfried Rief ,&nbsp;Andre Pittig","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Responses to exposure therapy vary across individuals, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms. This study examined two key processes during exposure that serve as readouts of different clinical rationales: (1) within-session fear reduction (measured as the decline from peak to end fear within an exposure exercise) and (2) threat expectancy processes (assessed via expectancy violation, expectancy change, and learning rate). Data from 516 patients with anxiety disorders who completed at least 10 exposure exercises in a clinical trial were analyzed. Results showed that expectancy measures and fear reduction were only weakly correlated within exposure exercises. While no significant differences were found in their time courses, both readouts independently predicted treatment success. Specifically, a higher learning rate and greater relative fear reduction were associated with better outcomes. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of monitoring fear reduction and expectancy-related readouts as indicators of two distinct exposure rationales — the fear reduction rationale and the threat expectancy rationale. Although it remains unclear whether they reflect separate mechanisms of change or different aspects of a shared mechanism, addressing both rationales may help optimize and personalize exposure therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 104856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of body exposure for the treatment of body image disturbance: A meta-analysis","authors":"Hannah Weins ,&nbsp;Noemi Berliner ,&nbsp;Alina Riefler ,&nbsp;Jana Kessel ,&nbsp;Fridtjof W. Nussbeck ,&nbsp;Andrea S. Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body image disturbance (BID) is a defining feature of several psychiatric disorders, notably eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder. Although body exposure (BE) has been proposed as an effective intervention, the strength of its effects and the factors influencing its efficacy remain uncertain. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in which BE was delivered as a stand-alone intervention. Outcomes included negative affect, BID-related measures, arousal, and disorder-specific symptoms. Potential moderators (e.g., attention focus, facilitator presence) were examined. BE produced moderate effects on BID-related measures (0.60, 95 % CI [0.40, 0.80]) and disorder-specific symptoms (0.76, 95 % CI [0.15, 1.36]), but did not significantly reduce negative affect (0.30, 95 % CI [−0.07, 0.67]). Arousal could not be assessed due to insufficient data, and no significant moderators emerged, likely reflecting the small, heterogeneous evidence base. These results support BE as an effective approach for reducing BID and disorder-specific symptoms and highlight the need for experimental research comparing BE variations and targeting broader outcome domains to guide individualized, evidence-based clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 104876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Leuven Exeter Dampening Scale (LEDS) to measure dampening appraisals towards positive affect: Psychometric evaluation and initial validation in a Dutch and English community sample","authors":"Liesbeth Bogaert ,&nbsp;Helen Lau ,&nbsp;Barnaby D. Dunn ,&nbsp;Filip Raes","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dampening – the tendency to downplay positive feelings – is linked to various psychopathologies, demonstrating transdiagnostic relevance. Most research to date has relied on the dampening subscale of the Responses to Positive Affect Scale (RPA-d; Feldman et al., 2008). However, concerns about its limited content validity, not reflecting clinical complexity, and potential cross-cultural universality issues prompted the development of the Leuven Exeter Dampening Scale (LEDS). Study 1 details scale development in Dutch-speaking undergraduates (<em>N</em> = 308); Studies 2 and 3 further validate it in a Dutch-speaking (<em>N</em> _T1 = 214, <em>N</em> _T2 = 148) and English-speaking UK (<em>N</em> _T1 = 177, <em>N</em> _T2 = 152, <em>N</em> _T3 = 102) adult community sample. Across samples, the LEDS showed excellent internal consistency (αs &gt; .90) and good test-retest reliability (ICCs = .77-.89). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a one-factor structure, demonstrating structural validity. LEDS scores positively correlated with RPA-d scores, indicating convergent validity. Multiple regressions showed the LEDS to significantly predict concurrent anhedonic/depressive symptoms, beyond age, gender, and negative rumination, supporting its concurrent predictive validity. Even with the RPA-d included as predictor, the LEDS accounted for unique variance in concurrent outcomes, showing incremental validity. Longitudinal analyses, covarying baseline symptoms, provided mixed evidence with predictive and incremental validity only verified in the UK sample. Crucially, the RPA-d never outperformed the LEDS, and mixed prospective findings align with prior inconsistent prospective relations between dampening and symptomatology. Findings support the <span>LEDS</span> as a valid alternative to the RPA-d, with a more comprehensive assessment of general dampening as key strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 104861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}