Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Neurocognitive functioning in adults with trichotillomania: Predictors of treatment response and symptom severity in a randomized control trial","authors":"Kathryn E. Barber ,&nbsp;Douglas W. Woods ,&nbsp;Thilo Deckersbach ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Bauer ,&nbsp;Scott N. Compton ,&nbsp;Michael P. Twohig ,&nbsp;Emily J. Ricketts ,&nbsp;Jordan Robinson ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Saunders ,&nbsp;Martin E. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichotillomania (TTM) is associated with impairments in response inhibition and cognitive flexibility, but it is unclear how such impairments relate to treatment outcome. The present study examined pre-treatment response inhibition and cognitive flexibility as predictors of treatment outcome, change in these domains from pre-to post-treatment, and associations with TTM severity. Participants were drawn from a randomized controlled trial comparing acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) to psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST) for TTM. Adults completed assessments at pre-treatment (<em>n</em> = 88) and following 12 weeks of treatment (<em>n</em> = 68). Response inhibition and cognitive flexibility were assessed using the Stop Signal Task and Object Alternation Task, respectively. Participants completed the MGH-Hairpulling Scale. Independent evaluators administered the NIMH-Trichotillomania Severity Scale and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale. Higher pre-treatment TTM severity was associated with poorer pre-treatment cognitive flexibility, but not response inhibition. Better pre-treatment response inhibition performance predicted positive treatment response and lower post-treatment TTM symptom severity, irrespective of treatment assignment. Cognitive flexibility did not predict treatment response. After controlling for age, neither neurocognitive variable changed during treatment. Response inhibition and cognitive flexibility appear uniquely related to hair pulling severity and treatment response in adults with TTM. Implications for treatment delivery and development are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140950142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations in emotion regulation as a mechanism linking stress and internalizing psychopathology among adolescents: An intensive longitudinal study","authors":"Yuri-Grace B. Ohashi ,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Rodman ,&nbsp;Katie A. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stressful life events (SLEs) are tightly coupled with the emergence of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. We investigated within-person fluctuations in emotion regulation as a mechanism linking SLEs and internalizing psychopathology in an intensive longitudinal study. We examined how monthly fluctuations in SLEs were related to engagement in three emotion regulation strategies—acceptance, reappraisal, and rumination—and whether these strategies were associated with changes in internalizing symptoms in adolescents followed for one year (<em>N</em> = 30; <em>n</em> = 355 monthly observations). Bayesian hierarchical models revealed that on months when adolescents experienced more SLEs than was typical for them, they also engaged in more rumination, which, in turn, was associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms and mediated the prospective relationship between SLEs and internalizing symptoms. In contrast, greater use of acceptance and reappraisal selectively moderated the association between stressors and internalizing symptoms, resulting in stronger links between SLEs and symptoms. These results suggest that emotion regulation strategies play different roles in the stress-psychopathology relationship. Understanding how changes in emotion regulation contribute to increases in internalizing symptoms following experiences of stress may provide novel targets for interventions aimed at reducing stress-related psychopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a transdiagnostic internet-based program for adolescents with emotional disorders: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Victoria Espinosa,&nbsp;Rosa M. Valiente,&nbsp;Julia García-Escalera,&nbsp;Paloma Chorot,&nbsp;Sandra Arnáez,&nbsp;Julia C. Schmitt,&nbsp;Bonifacio Sandín","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) is a well-established transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy (T-CBT) intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of the program Learn to Manage your Emotions <em>[Aprende a Manejar tus Emociones]</em> (AMtE), a self-applied transdiagnostic internet-delivered program based on the Spanish version of the UP-A. This is the first transdiagnostic internet-based program designed for the treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A sample of Spanish adolescents with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder (<em>n</em> = 58; age range = 12–18 years; 78.3% girls; 90% Caucasian) were randomly allocated to receive AMtE (<em>n</em> = 28) or the UP-A via videocall (<em>n</em> = 30). Pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up data were collected using self-reports and clinician-rated measures of anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, anxiety sensitivity and emotional avoidance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) models, both intervention programs were effective in significantly reducing self-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms and clinician-rated severity of anxiety and depression, as well as self-reported transdiagnostic outcome variables.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Data provide empirical support for the efficacy of AMtE as a transdiagnostic online CBT treatment for anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents. No marked nor consistent differences were observed between the UP-A and AMtE, highlighting the potential usefulness of the online self-administered AMtE program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000871/pdfft?md5=d8a0852dc67ca3aecf04b3a0720f1403&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000871-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Savoring mental imagery: Electrocortical effects and association with depression","authors":"Lauren E. Jackson ,&nbsp;Kayla A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to focus on and increase positive emotion in response to mental imagery may play a key role in emotional wellbeing. Moreover, deficits in this ability might underlie emotional disorders such as depression. Here, we set out to determine whether people could use savoring to upregulate subjective and electrocortical response to mental imagery of previously viewed positive and neutral pictures, and whether this would be negatively affected by depression. On each trial, participants (<em>N</em> = 49) viewed a positive or neutral picture, prior to simply re-imagining the previously presented picture (“view”) or re-imagining the picture while savoring it (“savor”). Results showed that savoring increased electrocortical and subjective response to imagined stimuli; however, this effect was only evident at the electrocortical level when controlling for depression. Moreover, depression moderated electrocortical findings, such that individuals who were more depressed showed a reduced effect of savoring on neural response to mental imagery. Results are in line with recent work that has shown the benefits of positive affect treatment for depression, to suggest that deficits in savoring mental imagery may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ecological momentary assessment of OCD-relevant intrusions: Frequency, feared self, and concealment","authors":"Tess Jaeger ,&nbsp;Jeromy Anglim ,&nbsp;Yoon Hee Yang ,&nbsp;Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Tess Knight ,&nbsp;Richard Moulding","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides the first examination of the frequency, characteristics, and dynamics surrounding daily experiences of OCD-relevant intrusions among non-clinical participants (<em>N</em> = 54, <em>N</em>_obs = 2314) using ecological momentary assessment. It also examines the extent to which self-related constructs—participants’ feared-self beliefs and their tendency to conceal aspects of self—relate to such intrusive phenomena. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire before reporting state depressed mood and intrusions up to five times per day (at semi-random intervals) for 14 days. Results suggest that questionnaire measures may result in underreporting of the frequency of intrusions, with most participants (80%) reporting at least one intrusion across the momentary observations, and 20% of observations indicating intrusive phenomena experienced since the previous momentary report. Baseline factors including OCD-related beliefs and feared self were related to the proportion of intrusions experienced, whereas self-concealment was not. Within the moment, state feared-self predicted intrusion-related distress, duration, perceived importance, the urge to act, and the need to control thoughts. The urge to conceal within the moment was significant but negatively related to perceived importance and the urge to act. Overall, this study provides evidence for the relevance of momentary measures of intrusions, and adds to evidence for self-beliefs in the dynamics of the disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000858/pdfft?md5=a492cd9b93e32f97731b5b9f3ea5b88b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000858-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of remote digital gamified and group CBT skills training interventions for anxiety and depression among college students: Results of a three-arm randomised controlled trial","authors":"Jason Bantjes ,&nbsp;Xanthe Hunt ,&nbsp;Pim Cuijpers ,&nbsp;Alan E. Kazdin ,&nbsp;Chris J. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Alex Luedtke ,&nbsp;Ivana Malenica ,&nbsp;Maria Petukhova ,&nbsp;Nancy Sampson ,&nbsp;Nur Hani Zainal ,&nbsp;Charl Davids ,&nbsp;Munita Dunn-Coetzee ,&nbsp;Rone Gerber ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein ,&nbsp;Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital interventions can enhance access to healthcare in under-resourced settings. However, guided digital interventions may be costly for low- and middle-income countries, despite their effectiveness. In this randomised control trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of two digital interventions designed to address this issue: (1) a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Training (CST) intervention that increased scalability by using remote online group administration; and (2) the SuperBetter gamified self-guided CBT skills training app, which uses other participants rather than paid staff as guides. The study was implemented among anxious and/or depressed South African undergraduates (n = 371) randomised with equal allocation to Remote Group CST, SuperBetter, or a MoodFlow mood monitoring control. Symptoms were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Intention-to-treat analysis found effect sizes at the high end of prior digital intervention trials, including significantly higher adjusted risk differences (<em>ARD</em>; primary outcome) in joint anxiety/depression remission at 3-months and 6-months for Remote Group CST (<em>ARD</em> = 23.3–18.9%, p = 0.001–0.035) and SuperBetter (<em>ARD</em> = 12.7–22.2%, p = 0.047–0.006) than MoodFlow and mean combined PHQ-9/GAD-7 scores (secondary outcome) significantly lower for Remote Group CST and SuperBetter than MoodFlow. These results illustrate how innovative delivery methods can increase the scalability of standard one-on-one guided digital interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Preregistration international standard randomised controlled trial number (isrtcn) submission #</h3><p>47,089,643.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A threat from within: Learning to fear by observing aversive bodily symptoms in others","authors":"Ena Alcan,&nbsp;Christoph Benke,&nbsp;Christiane A. Melzig","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although observational fear learning has been implicated in the development of phobic-related fears, studies investigating observational learning of fear of bodily symptoms remain scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether fear in response to bodily symptoms can be acquired simply by observing a fearful reaction to provocation of aversive bodily symptoms in others. Forty healthy participants underwent an observational fear conditioning paradigm consisting of two phases. In the first phase, participants observed a demonstrator reacting to an aversive bodily symptom provocation (unconditioned stimulus or US, i.e., labored breathing) paired with one conditioned stimulus (CS+) but not with the other one (CS-, both CSs were geometric symbols presented on a screen the demonstrator was watching). In the second phase, participants were directly presented with the same conditioned stimuli, but in the absence of the US. Our results revealed enhanced conditioned fear responses in the beginning of the second phase to the CS + as compared to CS-, as indexed by greater skin conductance and subjective fear responses, as well as greater potentiation of startle eyeblink responses to the CS + as compared to the ITI. Taken together, these findings implicate that fear of bodily symptoms can be learned through observation of others, that is, without first-hand experience of bodily threat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000822/pdfft?md5=9d5362c25f7e722521f9f835c0dfc3d6&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000822-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can glucose facilitate fear exposure? Randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of glucose administration on fear extinction processes","authors":"Alexander Hauck,&nbsp;Tanja Michael,&nbsp;Tobias C. Issler,&nbsp;Steven Klein,&nbsp;Johanna Lass-Hennemann,&nbsp;Diana S. Ferreira de Sá","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies showed that glucose has beneficial effects on memory function and can enhance contextual fear learning. To derive potential therapeutic interventions, further research is needed regarding the effects of glucose on fear extinction. In two experimental studies with healthy participants (Study 1: <em>N</em> = 68, 39 females; Study 2: <em>N</em> = 89, 67 females), we investigated the effects of glucose on fear extinction learning and its consolidation. Participants completed a differential fear conditioning paradigm consisting of acquisition, extinction, and return of fear tests: reinstatement, and extinction recall. US-expectancy ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and fear potentiated startle (FPS) were collected. Participants were pseudorandomized and double-blinded to one of two groups: They received either a drink containing glucose or saccharine 20 min before (Study 1) or immediately after extinction (Study 2). The glucose group showed a significantly stronger decrease in differential FPS during extinction (Study 1) and extinction recall (Study 2). Additionally, the glucose group showed a significantly lower contextual anxiety at test of reinstatement (Study 2). Our findings provide first evidence that glucose supports the process of fear extinction, and in particular the consolidation of fear extinction memory, and thus has potential as a beneficial adjuvant to extinction-based treatments.</p><p>Registered through the German Clinical Trials Registry (<span>https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html</span><svg><path></path></svg>; Study 1: DRKS00010550; Study 2: DRKS00018933).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000809/pdfft?md5=8ab3e503e575ba35bcfd1d183b493898&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000809-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does working memory training improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms? A pair of three-level meta-analyses","authors":"Xiaobing Cui ,&nbsp;Siyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuting Yu ,&nbsp;Qingwen Ding ,&nbsp;Xuebing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of many mental disorders. Working memory training (WM-T) is promising to improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms), but the results are mixed. Therefore, we conducted meta-analyses to clarify these mixed results.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO to identify relevant studies and screened the references. The effect size was calculated using Hedges’ <em>g</em>. Three-level, random-effects models were run using metafor in R.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The current study included 44 articles, of which 29 were involved with emotion regulation, and 30 were involved with internalizing symptoms. The results showed that WM-T could yield emotional benefits, but the benefits were confined to enhancing explicit emotional regulation capacity and reducing anxiety symptoms. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on emotion regulation, there was no significant moderator. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on internalizing symptoms, the emotional valence of the material and control group were statistically significant moderators.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>WM-T could yield certain emotional effects, but only to improve explicit emotion regulation capacity and reduce anxiety symptoms. In addition, some measures could enhance the effect, such as targeting specific populations, increasing the number of training sessions (≥15) or duration (&gt;450 minutes), using negative material, and using n-back training tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Nip it in the bud’: Low-frequency rTMS of the prefrontal cortex disrupts threat memory consolidation in humans","authors":"Simone Battaglia ,&nbsp;Claudio Nazzi ,&nbsp;Miquel A. Fullana ,&nbsp;Giuseppe di Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Sara Borgomaneri","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is still unclear how the human brain consolidates aversive (e.g., traumatic) memories and whether this process can be disrupted. We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucially involved in threat memory consolidation. To test this, we used low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) within the memory stabilization time window to disrupt the expression of threat memory. We combined a differential threat-conditioning paradigm with LF-rTMS targeting the dlPFC in the critical condition, and occipital cortex stimulation, delayed dlPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation as control conditions. In the critical condition, defensive reactions to threat were reduced immediately after brain stimulation, and 1 h and 24 h later. In stark contrast, no decrease was observed in the control conditions, thus showing both the anatomical and temporal specificity of our intervention. We provide causal evidence that selectively targeting the dlPFC within the early consolidation period prevents the persistence and return of conditioned responses. Furthermore, memory disruption lasted longer than the inhibitory window created by our TMS protocol, which suggests that we influenced dlPFC neural activity and hampered the underlying, time-dependent consolidation process. These results provide important insights for future clinical applications aimed at interfering with the consolidation of aversive, threat-related memories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000755/pdfft?md5=d684a27be26a103c0cf0b24202920fa1&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000755-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}