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Demolition and Discontent: Governing the Authoritarian City 拆迁与不满：治理威权城市
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12749
Sean T. Norton
{"title":"Demolition and Discontent: Governing the Authoritarian City","authors":"Sean T. Norton","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12749","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of large cities increases the probability of authoritarian breakdown, but the literature has offered \u0000little empirical insight as to how challenges to authoritarian rule develop in urban space. I develop a theory of cities as complex sociopolitical spaces that are difficult to govern, particularly in the absence of democratic institutions. This complexity makes both co-optation and coercion difficult, meaning the very tactics that authoritarian cities use to control discontent can become its proximate cause. Using a large, city-financed housing project in Moscow targeted at rewarding regime supporters, I utilize a Bayesian semi-parametric model to demonstrate that even a seemingly well-targeted co-optive exchange contributed to a surprising defeat for the regime in a subsequent municipal election. My results suggest that the relative illegibility of cities plays an important part in the development of opposition to authoritarian rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"678-695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49584439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pedagogical Account of Parliamentarism at India's Founding 印度建国时议会制的教学叙述
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12768
Udit Bhatia
{"title":"The Pedagogical Account of Parliamentarism at India's Founding","authors":"Udit Bhatia","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12768","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores a distinctive approach to parliamentarism advanced by key figures from India's founding period in response to their anxieties about concerns about the masses’ backwardness alongside a commitment to democratic self-rule. Both orientations, one democratic and the other, suspicious of the peoples’ political capacities, existed alongside each other in tension, generating a dilemma: how could the seemingly backward masses facilitate the overthrow of their backwardness in a democratic process? The thinkers studied in this article responded, I argue, with a pedagogical conception of parliamentarism, which viewed parliament and legislators as bearing the function of preparing the masses for democratic citizenship. Their approach represented a critical departure from the ideal of a deliberative legislative assembly at the apex of the lawmaking process, while avoiding strategies of exclusion historically associated with parliamentarism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1286-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43674616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Talk May Be Cheap, but Deeds Seldom Cheat: On Political Liberalism and the Assurance Problem 空谈可能便宜，但行动很少欺骗:论政治自由主义与保证问题
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12770
Baldwin Wong, Man-Kong Li
{"title":"Talk May Be Cheap, but Deeds Seldom Cheat: On Political Liberalism and the Assurance Problem","authors":"Baldwin Wong,&nbsp;Man-Kong Li","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12770","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12770","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a well-ordered society, democratic officials face an assurance problem. They want to ensure that others will act reasonably when they do the same. According to political liberals, public reason can solve this problem, but the details of how assurance is generated are unclear. This article explains the assurance mechanism in political liberalism. Apart from public reason, mutual assurance is also provided by a long-term record of civic deeds. By performing civic deeds over time, officials signal their reasonableness to each other. This record of civic deeds is costly to unreasonable officials and thus represents a reliable way to differentiate trustworthy fellows from others. The article also shows that a recent critique of political liberalism, which argues that public reason is merely cheap talk and thus political liberalism fails to provide mutual assurance, misses the point. It overlooks that assurance is created through talks and deeds <i>together</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1353-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Patronage Delivers: Political Appointments, Bureaucratic Accountability, and Service Delivery in Brazil 赞助人如何发挥作用：巴西的政治任命、官僚问责制和服务提供
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12758
Guillermo Toral
{"title":"How Patronage Delivers: Political Appointments, Bureaucratic Accountability, and Service Delivery in Brazil","authors":"Guillermo Toral","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12758","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The political appointment of bureaucrats is typically seen as jeopardizing development by selecting worse types into the bureaucracy or by depressing bureaucratic effort. I argue that political appointments also affect outcomes through a third, less studied channel, namely, by changing how bureaucrats work. Patronage provides connections between bureaucrats and politicians, and thereby grants access to material and nonmaterial resources, enhances monitoring, facilitates the application of sanctions and rewards, aligns priorities and incentives, and increases mutual trust. Political appointments can thus enhance bureaucrats’ accountability and effectiveness, not just for rent-seeking purposes but also, in certain conditions, for public service delivery. I test this theory using data on Brazilian municipal governments, leveraging two quasi-experiments, two original surveys of bureaucrats and politicians, and in-depth interviews. The findings highlight the countervailing effects of connections on bureaucratic governance in the developing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"797-815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forced Migration, Staying Minorities, and New Societies: Evidence from Postwar Czechoslovakia 强迫移民、滞留的少数民族和新社会：战后捷克斯洛伐克的证据
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12751
Jakub Grossmann, Štěpán Jurajda, Felix Roesel
{"title":"Forced Migration, Staying Minorities, and New Societies: Evidence from Postwar Czechoslovakia","authors":"Jakub Grossmann,&nbsp;Štěpán Jurajda,&nbsp;Felix Roesel","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Can staying minorities who evade ethnic cleansing affect political outcomes in resettled communities? After World War Two, three million ethnic Germans were expelled from Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, but some were allowed to stay, many of them left-leaning antifascists. We study quasi-experimental local variation in expulsion policies, a result of the surprising presence of the U.S. Army, which indirectly helped antifascist Germans stay. We find a long-lasting footprint: Communist party support, party cells, and far-left values are stronger today where antifascist Germans stayed in larger numbers. Postwar German Communist elites appear to be behind this effect along with the intergenerational transmission of values among active party members.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"751-766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rebel Capacity, Intelligence Gathering, and Combat Tactics 叛军能力、情报收集和作战策略
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12750
Konstantin Sonin, Austin L. Wright
{"title":"Rebel Capacity, Intelligence Gathering, and Combat Tactics","authors":"Konstantin Sonin,&nbsp;Austin L. Wright","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Classic and modern theories of rebel warfare emphasize the role of resource endowments. We demonstrate that intelligence gathering, made possible by these endowments, plays a critical role in determining specifics of how rebels launch complex attacks against better equipped government forces. We test implications of a theoretical model using highly detailed data about Afghan rebel attacks, insurgent-led spy networks, and counterinsurgent operations. Leveraging quasi-random variation in opium suitability, we find that improved rebel capacity is associated with (1) increased insurgent operations; (2) improved battlefield tactics through technological innovation, increased complexity, and attack clustering; and (3) increased effectiveness against security forces, especially harder targets. These results show that access to capital, coupled with intelligence gathering, meaningfully impacts how and where rebels fight.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"459-477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48184843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Online Civic Education Induce Democratic Citizenship? Experimental Evidence from a New Democracy 在线公民教育能否激发民主公民意识？来自新民主国家的实验证据
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12765
Steven E. Finkel, Anja Neundorf, Ericka Rascón Ramírez
{"title":"Can Online Civic Education Induce Democratic Citizenship? Experimental Evidence from a New Democracy","authors":"Steven E. Finkel,&nbsp;Anja Neundorf,&nbsp;Ericka Rascón Ramírez","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12765","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12765","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How can democratic values and behavior be induced in new democracies? We designed and tested three original civic education interventions to answer this question, using Tunisia as a case study. Participants were recruited through Facebook and Instagram, where they were randomly assigned to either one of three treatment groups or a placebo. Two treatments were derived from prospect theory, emphasizing the gains of a democratic system or the losses of an autocratic system. A third treatment, derived from self-efficacy theory, provided practical information regarding participation in the upcoming 2019 elections. Our findings suggest that online civic education has a considerable effect on democratic citizenship, including a significant reduction in authoritarian nostalgia and increasing intended political behavior. We further find differences between the three treatments, with the loss and gain treatments having overall more consistent impact than self-efficacy, though the latter frame has notable effects on political efficacy and registration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"613-630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Opinion and Presidents’ Unilateral Policy Agendas 民意与总统的单边政策议程
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12753
Jon C. Rogowski
{"title":"Public Opinion and Presidents’ Unilateral Policy Agendas","authors":"Jon C. Rogowski","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12753","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unilateral power is an important source of policy change for contemporary presidents. In contrast with scholarship that examines the institutional constraints on presidents’ exercise of unilateral authority, I consider presidents’ unilateral behavior in a framework of political accountability. I argue that presidents have incentives to incorporate the public's policy priorities in their unilateral agendas. I examine this account using panel data on executive orders and public opinion across issue areas from 1954 to 2018. Across a variety of model specifications and estimation strategies, I find evidence that patterns of executive action reflect the public's policy priorities. Presidents issue greater numbers of unilateral directives on issues that gain public salience, particularly on issues that are more familiar to the public and when issuing more policy-significant directives. These findings suggest that accountability mechanisms structure how presidents exercise unilateral power and have normative implications for considering presidential unilateralism in a separation-of-powers system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"67 4","pages":"1134-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Relative Deprivation Condition the Effects of Social Protection Programs on Political Support? Experimental Evidence from Pakistan 相对剥夺是否制约了社会保护计划对政治支持的影响？来自巴基斯坦的实验证据
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12767
Katrina Kosec, Cecilia Hyunjung Mo
{"title":"Does Relative Deprivation Condition the Effects of Social Protection Programs on Political Support? Experimental Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Katrina Kosec,&nbsp;Cecilia Hyunjung Mo","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12767","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12767","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Could perceived relative economic standing affect citizens’ support for political leaders and institutions? We explore this question by examining Pakistan's national unconditional cash transfer program, the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP). Leveraging a regression discontinuity approach using BISP's administrative data and an original survey experiment, we find that perceptions of relative deprivation color citizen reactions to social protection. When citizens do not feel relatively deprived, receiving cash transfers has little sustained effect on individuals’ reported level of support for their political system and its leaders. However, when citizens feel relatively worse off, those receiving cash transfers become more politically satisfied while those denied transfers become more politically disgruntled. Moreover, the magnitude of the reduction in political support among non-beneficiaries is larger than the magnitude of the increase in political support among beneficiaries. This has important implications for our understanding of the political ramifications of rising perceived inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"832-849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Economic Integration and Nativist Politics in Emerging Economies 全球经济一体化与新兴经济体的本土主义政治
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12748
Benjamin Helms
{"title":"Global Economic Integration and Nativist Politics in Emerging Economies","authors":"Benjamin Helms","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12748","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12748","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nativist political movements are globally ascendant. In advanced democracies, rising anti-immigrant politics is in part a backlash against economic globalization. In emerging economies, where nativists primarily target internal migrants, there is little investigation of whether trade liberalization fuels antimigrant sentiment, perhaps because trade benefits workers in these contexts. I argue that global economic integration causes nativist backlash in emerging economies even though it does not dislocate workers. I highlight an alternative mechanism: geographic labor mobility. Workers strategically migrate to access geographically uneven global economic opportunity. This liberalization-induced mobility interacts with native–migrant cleavages to generate nativist backlash. I explore these dynamics in the Indian textile sector, which experienced a positive shock following global trade liberalization in 2005. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, I find that exposed localities experienced increased internal migration and nativism, manifesting in antimigrant rioting and nativist party support. Liberalization can fuel nativism even when its economic impacts are positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"595-612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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