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Populism and the rule of law: The importance of institutional legacies 民粹主义与法治：制度遗产的重要性
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12935
Andreas Kyriacou, Pedro Trivin
{"title":"Populism and the rule of law: The importance of institutional legacies","authors":"Andreas Kyriacou,&nbsp;Pedro Trivin","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12935","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing work sees populist governments undermining the rule of law because they seek to dismantle institutional constraints on their personalistic plebiscitarian rule. We argue that populist rulers pose a greater threat to legal impartiality, equality, and compliance when they face a legacy of weak rule of law. We find empirical support for this assertion after applying synthetic control methods to a cross-country sample that includes up to 51 populist events spanning the period from 1920 to 2019. Our results remain consistent across a range of robustness checks including, the consideration of a set of contextual variables that can potentially determine the capacity of populist governments to sweep away institutional constraints, different populist event classifications, and different ways of measuring the rule of law. In countries, like the United States, with a robust rule of law tradition, the deleterious impact of populists on institutions will be limited but not negligible.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correcting misperceptions about ethno-racial discrimination: The limits of evidence-based awareness raising to promote support for equal-treatment policies 纠正关于民族-种族歧视的误解：以证据为基础的提高意识以促进对平等待遇政策的支持的局限性
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12933
Merlin Schaeffer, Krzysztof Krakowski, Asmus Leth Olsen
{"title":"Correcting misperceptions about ethno-racial discrimination: The limits of evidence-based awareness raising to promote support for equal-treatment policies","authors":"Merlin Schaeffer,&nbsp;Krzysztof Krakowski,&nbsp;Asmus Leth Olsen","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The disadvantages experienced by minorities and lack of societal remedies are partly attributable to native-majority citizens’ limited awareness of minority hardships. We investigate whether informing citizens about field-experimental audits on ethno-racial discrimination increases their recognition of the issue and support for equal-treatment policies. Extending a largely US-centric research frontier, we focus on beliefs about discrimination faced by Muslims in Denmark. To further comprehension, we test three types of framing: a scientist stressing credibility, a lawyer emphasizing the legal breach, or a minority expressing grief. Our survey experiment (<i>n</i> = 4,800) shows that citizens are generally aware of discrimination and tend to overperceive its extent. Communicating audit evidence corrects misperceptions but does not change recognition or policy support, regardless of framing or initial misperception. Only combining priming, correction, and framing temporarily increases recognition and donations to support groups. These findings suggest that audit-based awareness campaigns have limited immediate success beyond donations acknowledging minority hardships.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"54-75"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The financialization of housing and its political consequences 住房金融化及其政治后果
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12928
Rafaela Dancygier, Andreas Wiedemann
{"title":"The financialization of housing and its political consequences","authors":"Rafaela Dancygier,&nbsp;Andreas Wiedemann","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Institutional investors in residential real estate have become targets of political backlash against unaffordable housing. We argue that this backlash is not only about economic issues such as rising rents; it reflects a fundamental rejection of “financialized capitalism” that turns housing from a basic need into a speculative asset. Using novel geo-coded real estate transaction data, we document the extent of housing financialization cross-nationally and over time, and demonstrate that neighborhood-level exposure to financialization alone is insufficient to explain the widespread support to expropriate corporate landlords in a historic 2021 Berlin referendum. We then develop nationally representative surveys to show that German citizens conceptualize housing as a social right and hold the state responsible for its under-provision. We demonstrate experimentally that arguments about housing financialization significantly raise support for expropriation beyond rent effects. Our findings suggest that financialized capitalism can unite diverse groups of voters in favor of housing socialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 4","pages":"1354-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The institutional foundations of the power to persuade 说服能力的制度基础
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12931
Carlo Prato, Ian R. Turner
{"title":"The institutional foundations of the power to persuade","authors":"Carlo Prato,&nbsp;Ian R. Turner","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Formal presidential authority does not always translate into real influence over policy outcomes: The bureaucratic actors that are responsible for policy implementation have considerable discretion. Presidents, however, have tools to influence their behavior. In this paper, we focus on presidential control of intra-executive <i>information flows</i>. We show how the President's power to persuade depends on inter-branch relations and intra-branch institutions. We develop a theory in which the President can shape information available to bureaucratic subordinates via both overt, legitimate channels as well as covert, illegitimate interventions. We find that the President's ability to persuade bureaucrats to pursue her preferred goals can be reinforced by higher bureaucratic independence or more aggressive external oversight. We also show how bureaucratic independence mediates how overseer motivations translate into oversight intensity. Our theory predicts that Congress' investigative resources should target more independent agencies under divided government and less independent agencies under unified government.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"120-135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization in police union politics 警察工会政治的两极化
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12932
Jennifer Gaudette
{"title":"Polarization in police union politics","authors":"Jennifer Gaudette","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although most local elections are officially nonpartisan, a debate exists regarding how much ideology matters in local politics. I test the effects of national polarization toward policing at the local level using a conjoint survey experiment and novel observational data. I find that police union endorsements send clear ideological signals about mayoral candidates to voters and voters respond accordingly: liberal (conservative) respondents are significantly less (more) likely to vote for police union-endorsed candidates. I create a new dataset of police union endorsements in every mayoral election in American cities with populations above 180,000 between 2011 and 2022. I find police union endorsements have significant negative effects on incumbent vote share in liberal cities at the same time as polarization occurs nationally. This evidence suggests that when national politics polarize on a local issue, ideology becomes an important component in local politics and that police union endorsements now inform about local candidate ideology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"961-980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constraining to deter 约束威慑
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12934
Livio Di Lonardo, Scott A. Tyson
{"title":"Constraining to deter","authors":"Livio Di Lonardo,&nbsp;Scott A. Tyson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12934","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Governments use a variety of tools to discourage, impede, or limit the ability of foreign adversaries to purse their ambitions. Some of these measures seek to constrain an opponent's capacity, while others seek to deter an opponent to take (or not) a particular action. We develop a theory to study how constraining and coercive threats interact strategically. Building on canonical models of deterrence, we first identify how coercive measures, in isolation, curb an aggressor's transgressions. We then identify when constraining measures and the threat of coercion (deterrence) are substitutes and when they are complements. In some cases, constraining measures make deterrence effective when it would otherwise fail (constraining to deter). Our results offer insights about measuring the effectiveness of various diplomatic tools. We highlight a series of novel empirical challenges stemming from the interaction of selection effects and ecological features of a sample of country dyads, and discuss potential solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anger expressions and coercive credibility in international crises 在国际危机中愤怒的表达和强制的可信度
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12937
Hohyun Yoon
{"title":"Anger expressions and coercive credibility in international crises","authors":"Hohyun Yoon","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why are some threats more credible than others? I argue that leaders’ anger expressions are a previously underappreciated source of coercive credibility. Specifically, leaders who express anger appear more credible because targets believe they are less sensitive to the costs of conflict. I test this argument through quantitative analysis of a novel dataset of world leaders’ public statements in crises from 1946 to 1996 and a U.S.-based survey experiment designed to test the mechanism. The observational evidence reveals that anger expressions increase the likelihood a threat will succeed. The experiment shows that anger expressions cause targets to infer greater resolve and that non-angry threats carry little credibility—and might even backfire. These findings not only shed light on a unique source of threat credibility but also highlight the crucial role of emotions in international relations with new data measuring political leaders’ emotional expressions over time and space.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"221-237"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elites, the aid curse, and Chinese development finance: A conjoint survey experiment on elites’ aid preferences in 141 low- and middle-income countries 精英、援助诅咒与中国发展融资：141个中低收入国家精英援助偏好的联合调查实验
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12926
Robert A. Blair, Samantha Custer, Philip Roessler
{"title":"Elites, the aid curse, and Chinese development finance: A conjoint survey experiment on elites’ aid preferences in 141 low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Robert A. Blair,&nbsp;Samantha Custer,&nbsp;Philip Roessler","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why do elites in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) favor some foreign aid projects and partners over others? Research on the “aid curse” and Chinese development finance suggests elites should prefer aid that can be easily captured, with few conditionalities, regulations, or transparency requirements. We administer a conjoint survey experiment across 141 LMICs to elicit the aid preferences of elites who are uniquely close to development policy debates. Perhaps unsurprisingly, we find that elites favor larger over smaller projects, grants over loans, and transportation infrastructure projects over initiatives focused on civil society or tax collection capacity. But contrary to the aid curse theory, elites also prefer projects with transparent terms and labor, corruption, and environmental regulations, and are at worst indifferent towards good governance conditionalities. These preferences hold even in corrupt and autocratic countries and even among high-level government officials who might be expected to favor “no-strings-attached” aid regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 4","pages":"1519-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can foreign aid reduce the desire to emigrate? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial 外援能减少移民的欲望吗？来自随机对照试验的证据
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12927
Miranda Simon, Cassilde Schwartz, David Hudson
{"title":"Can foreign aid reduce the desire to emigrate? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Miranda Simon,&nbsp;Cassilde Schwartz,&nbsp;David Hudson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parallel to traditional immigration control policies, states send substantial amounts of foreign aid to address the root causes of migration. Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we evaluate a representative type of “root causes” aid (RCA) project in Africa, implemented by the UN's International Organization for Migration (IOM). We find the project reduced aspirations to migrate and slowed preparations for the journey. Multiple mediation analysis shows “instrumental place attachment”—or the ability to pursue important goals in one's place of residence compared to other destinations—is the main driver. However, effects wane 6 months after project end. That a small RCA project increased instrumental place attachment, albeit briefly, is significant given global inequalities. We explore this finding by conducting interviews with international organization (IO) and nongovernmental organization (NGO) practitioners to understand how development organizations affect instrumental place attachment, and with youth to understand how interventions (un)successfully moderate the choice to stay or migrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local orientation in the U.S. House of Representatives 美国众议院的地方定位
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12929
Pamela Ban, Jaclyn Kaslovsky
{"title":"Local orientation in the U.S. House of Representatives","authors":"Pamela Ban,&nbsp;Jaclyn Kaslovsky","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What drives legislators to emphasize local issues in a nationalized setting? Although the representation literature has highlighted why legislators present themselves as district- or nationally oriented in constituent-facing activities, research remains limited on this behavior within Congress. We leverage congressional speech to provide evidence on how electoral competitiveness, district demographics, and legislator characteristics influence representation during the committee stage, a critical step in policymaking. Using U.S. House hearing transcripts from 1999 to 2018, we examine what types of legislators are more likely to mention their constituents and the local communities in their districts. Results reveal that women legislators use significantly more locally oriented statements compared to their male counterparts. This difference between male and female legislators, which is concentrated among Democrats, is similarly observed on the House floor. Overall, these results provide new evidence that the link between gender and policy representation persists even in settings when constituents are not the only intended audience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1082-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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