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Polarization in police union politics 警察工会政治的两极化
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12932
Jennifer Gaudette
{"title":"Polarization in police union politics","authors":"Jennifer Gaudette","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although most local elections are officially nonpartisan, a debate exists regarding how much ideology matters in local politics. I test the effects of national polarization toward policing at the local level using a conjoint survey experiment and novel observational data. I find that police union endorsements send clear ideological signals about mayoral candidates to voters and voters respond accordingly: liberal (conservative) respondents are significantly less (more) likely to vote for police union-endorsed candidates. I create a new dataset of police union endorsements in every mayoral election in American cities with populations above 180,000 between 2011 and 2022. I find police union endorsements have significant negative effects on incumbent vote share in liberal cities at the same time as polarization occurs nationally. This evidence suggests that when national politics polarize on a local issue, ideology becomes an important component in local politics and that police union endorsements now inform about local candidate ideology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"961-980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local orientation in the U.S. House of Representatives 美国众议院的地方定位
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12929
Pamela Ban, Jaclyn Kaslovsky
{"title":"Local orientation in the U.S. House of Representatives","authors":"Pamela Ban,&nbsp;Jaclyn Kaslovsky","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What drives legislators to emphasize local issues in a nationalized setting? Although the representation literature has highlighted why legislators present themselves as district- or nationally oriented in constituent-facing activities, research remains limited on this behavior within Congress. We leverage congressional speech to provide evidence on how electoral competitiveness, district demographics, and legislator characteristics influence representation during the committee stage, a critical step in policymaking. Using U.S. House hearing transcripts from 1999 to 2018, we examine what types of legislators are more likely to mention their constituents and the local communities in their districts. Results reveal that women legislators use significantly more locally oriented statements compared to their male counterparts. This difference between male and female legislators, which is concentrated among Democrats, is similarly observed on the House floor. Overall, these results provide new evidence that the link between gender and policy representation persists even in settings when constituents are not the only intended audience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1082-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The politics of teachers' union endorsements 教师工会背书的政治
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12922
Michael T. Hartney, Vladimir Kogan
{"title":"The politics of teachers' union endorsements","authors":"Michael T. Hartney,&nbsp;Vladimir Kogan","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>School board candidates supported by local teachers' unions overwhelmingly win, and we examine the causes and consequences of the “teachers' union premium” in these elections. First, we show that union endorsement information increases voter support. Although the magnitude of this effect varies across ideological and partisan subgroups, an endorsement rarely hurts a candidate's prospects with the electorate. Second, we benchmark the size of the endorsement premium to other well-known determinants of vote choice in local elections. Perhaps surprisingly, we show the effect can be as large as the impact of shared partisanship, and substantially larger than the boost from endorsements provided by other stakeholders. Finally, examining real-world endorsement decisions, we find that union support for incumbents hinges on self-interested pecuniary considerations and is unaffected by performance in improving student academic outcomes. The divergence between what endorsements mean and how voters interpret them has troubling normative democratic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1163-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Persuasion in veto bargaining 否决权谈判中的说服
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12914
Jenny S. Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Richard Van Weelden
{"title":"Persuasion in veto bargaining","authors":"Jenny S. Kim,&nbsp;Kyungmin Kim,&nbsp;Richard Van Weelden","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider the classic veto bargaining model but allow the agenda setter to engage in persuasion to convince the veto player to approve her proposal. We show that the proposer-optimal can be achieved either by providing no information or with a simple binary experiment. Proposer chooses to reveal partial information when there is sufficient expected misalignment with Vetoer. In this case, the opportunity to engage in persuasion strictly benefits Proposer and increases the scope to exercise agenda power. We discuss applications and how the optimal experiment can be implemented in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1115-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Running toward rankings: Ranked choice voting's impact on candidate entry and descriptive representation 奔向排名：排名选择投票对候选人进入和描述性表示的影响
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12908
Jonathan Colner
{"title":"Running toward rankings: Ranked choice voting's impact on candidate entry and descriptive representation","authors":"Jonathan Colner","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does the implementation of a ranked choice voting (RCV) system increase the number, diversity, and quality of candidates competing in local elections? Using original data from 273 cities across three decades and employing a preregistered difference-in-differences design with matching, I find that the size of the candidate pool increases following implementation. However, this effect dissipates in later election cycles, indicating that RCV has no long-term effect on candidate entry. Indeed, the short-term increase in the candidate pool mostly reflects increased entry by low-quality candidates with little chance of winning. Additionally, I find that RCV has no effect on the proportion of female and non-white candidates running for office. These results call into question several purported benefits of RCV and suggest that RCV, by itself, might not be sufficient to influence candidate entry at the local level.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1010-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turn on, tune in, turn out: Ethnic radio and immigrants' political engagement 打开、收听、退出：种族广播和移民的政治参与
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12911
Stephanie Zonszein
{"title":"Turn on, tune in, turn out: Ethnic radio and immigrants' political engagement","authors":"Stephanie Zonszein","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does the ethnic media promote the political engagement of minority ethnic immigrants? This is a salient question in Western democracies, where the political incorporation of immigrants is a continuous challenge. Prevailing accounts place the media as a primary cause of growing public disengagement. In contrast, this article argues that the entry of community-centered ethnic media can increase immigrants' political engagement by changing their informational environment and their representation in media and state institutions. In 2004, the UK Parliament enacted the Community Radio Order to allow the licensing of community radio stations. Leveraging the introduction of this law and geographical variation in the distribution of licenses with a difference-in-differences approach, this article shows that the exposure of minority ethnic immigrants to radio programming targeted at their community substantively increases their turnout in local elections. The results suggest that immigrants' participation in politics is stimulated by accommodating diversity within common institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1128-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Playing the sycophant card: The logic and consequences of professing loyalty to the autocrat 打阿谀奉承牌：对独裁者表示忠诚的逻辑和后果
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12909
Alexander Baturo, Nikita Khokhlov, Jakob Tolstrup
{"title":"Playing the sycophant card: The logic and consequences of professing loyalty to the autocrat","authors":"Alexander Baturo,&nbsp;Nikita Khokhlov,&nbsp;Jakob Tolstrup","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the centrality of the loyalty–competence framework in research on authoritarian politics, scholars have only focused on material aspects of what elites do in their service to the dictator. Yet nonmaterial aspects such as sycophantically praising the autocrat in speech—a common, everyday practice under authoritarianism, have been ignored. We propose a novel theory to explain under what conditions elites “overpraise” the ruler and imitate his rhetoric, and whether they will be rewarded. We test the empirical implications through semisupervised text analysis and an original dataset of almost 1000 annual legislative addresses of Russian governors. Contrary to common assumptions that sycophancy is uniform across elites, we find that governors who are politically and economically vulnerable and without alternative career paths behave more sycophantically and show that they survive in office longer. Our results have important implications for how personality cults develop and how dictators navigate the loyalty–competence trade-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1180-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public comment and public policy 公众评论和公共政策
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12900
Alexander Sahn
{"title":"Public comment and public policy","authors":"Alexander Sahn","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12900","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Is public policy responsive to demographically and ideologically unrepresentative comments given at public meetings? I investigate this possibility using a novel data set of over 40,000 comments made at the San Francisco Planning Commission between 1998 and 2021, matched to information about proposed developments discussed in hearings and administrative data on commenters. I document four stylized facts: First, commenters at public meetings are unrepresentative of the public along racial, gender, age, and homeownership lines; second, distance to the proposed development predicts commenting behavior, but only among those in opposition; third, commission votes are correlated with commenters’ preferences; finally, the alignment of White commenters (vs. other racial groups) and neighborhood group representatives and the general public (vs. other interest groups) better predict project approvals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"685-700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communication, coordination, and surveillance in the shadow of repression 在镇压的阴影下进行沟通、协调和监视
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12904
Tak-Huen Chau, Mai Hassan, Andrew T. Little
{"title":"Communication, coordination, and surveillance in the shadow of repression","authors":"Tak-Huen Chau,&nbsp;Mai Hassan,&nbsp;Andrew T. Little","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12904","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Communication technology helps protesters organize, but also allows the government to monitor and repress their actions. We study this trade-off in a model where protesters want to show up at the same time and place, but also want to avoid government forces. If leaders of a movement can send messages observed only by other protesters, they can successfully coordinate on a variety of sites and force the government to spread resources thin, helping the success of the movement. If the government always observes the messages too, protesters can do no better than always going to a “focal site” knowing that the government will send all resources there as well, and thus experience higher levels of repression for the sake of coordinating tactics. Intermediate cases where messages are partially observed generate dynamics where new technologies and media that are relatively known to other protesters and not the government are used until the government can reliably infiltrate them and the protesters move on to a new medium. When some protesters are more informed than others, the model can explain protest tactics observed in recent prominent cases like having smaller “parallel” protests at the same time but different location of the main gathering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"995-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civilian behavior on social media during civil war 内战期间社交媒体上的平民行为
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12899
Anita R. Gohdes, Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld
{"title":"Civilian behavior on social media during civil war","authors":"Anita R. Gohdes,&nbsp;Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research emphasizes social media's potential for citizens to express shared grievances. In active conflict, however, social media posts indicating political loyalties can pose severe risks to civilians. We develop a theory that explains how civilians modify their online behavior as part of efforts to improve their security during conflict. After major changes in territorial control, civilians should be more likely to post positive content, and more content that supports the winning side. We study social media behavior during and after the siege of Aleppo in November 2016. We match Aleppo-based Twitter users with users from other parts of Syria and use large language models to analyze changes in online behavior after the regime's retaking of the city. Results show that users in Aleppo post more positive and pro-Assad content, but only when self-disclosing their location. The findings have important implications for our understanding of digital communication in civil conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"1099-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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