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How the State Discourages Vigilantism—Evidence From a Field Experiment in South Africa 国家如何阻止治安维持者——来自南非实地实验的证据
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12966
Anna M. Wilke
{"title":"How the State Discourages Vigilantism—Evidence From a Field Experiment in South Africa","authors":"Anna M. Wilke","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mob vigilantism—the punishment of criminal suspects by groups of citizens—is widespread throughout the developing world. This paper sheds light on the relationship between state capacity and citizens’ choice between reliance on the state and vigilantism. I implemented a field experiment in South Africa that randomly varies the capacity of police to locate households. Findings from surveys conducted several months later suggest households that have become legible to police are more willing to rely on police and less willing to participate in vigilantism. An additional information experiment points toward increased fear of state punishment for vigilantism rather than improved police service quality as the likely mechanism. The broader implication is that citizens’ willingness to cooperate with capable state institutions need not reflect satisfaction with state services. Such cooperation can also be due to the state's ability to limit citizens’ choices by ruling out informal alternatives like vigilantism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"396-413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Americans’ trust in local news be trusted? The emergence, sources, and implications of the local news trust advantage 美国人对地方新闻的信任可信吗？地方新闻信任优势的产生、来源及影响
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12969
Erik Peterson, Joshua P. Darr, Maxwell B. Allamong, Michael Henderson
{"title":"Can Americans’ trust in local news be trusted? The emergence, sources, and implications of the local news trust advantage","authors":"Erik Peterson,&nbsp;Joshua P. Darr,&nbsp;Maxwell B. Allamong,&nbsp;Michael Henderson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12969","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite eroding consensus about credible political news sources, much of the public still trusts local media. We assess the emergence, sources, and implications of the trust advantage local news holds over national media. We argue the public now uses a news outlet's local orientation as a shortcut to assess its credibility. In survey experiments, we find unfamiliar news outlets are trusted more when they have a local cue in their name. In surveys where people evaluate digital sources covering their community, this heuristic leads the public to trust unreliable information providers that signal a local focus more than high-quality sources that do not. Our findings position local media as unique, broadly trusted communicators while also illustrating a logic behind recent efforts to disseminate biased political information by packaging it as local news. More broadly, we show the challenges that arise when the public applies once-reliable heuristics in changing political circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"136-151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empirical realism and democratic equality 经验现实主义和民主平等
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12962
Emma Saunders-Hastings
{"title":"Empirical realism and democratic equality","authors":"Emma Saunders-Hastings","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, empirical political scientists have challenged presuppositions about voter behavior that they take to be widespread in normative democratic theory, charging that democratic theory is unmoored from empirical reality. For their part, many normative democratic theorists have rejected empiricists’ characterizations of their subfield and denied that normative theories are threatened by empirical findings about voter behavior. This article argues that both camps are partly right and partly wrong. Normative democratic theories are more varied than empirical critics recognize, and some avoid grounding their defenses of democracy on an unrealistic “folk theory” of popular control. However, even these more promising normative theories may import “folk theory” assumptions in subtler ways and neglect empirical evidence to their own cost. I focus on social or relational egalitarian theories of democracy as an illustration of this problem, which should be addressed by more productive and dynamic engagement between normative and empirical democratic theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using cross-encoders to measure the similarity of short texts in political science 用交叉编码器测量政治学短文本的相似度
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12956
Gechun Lin
{"title":"Using cross-encoders to measure the similarity of short texts in political science","authors":"Gechun Lin","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In many settings, scholars wish to estimate the similarity of political texts. However, the most commonly used methods in political science struggle to identify when two texts convey the same <i>meaning</i> as they rely too heavily on identifying words that appear in both documents. This limitation is especially salient when the underlying documents are short, an increasingly prevalent form of textual data in modern political research. Building on recent advances in computer science, I introduce to political science cross-encoders for precise estimates of <i>semantic</i> similarity in short texts. Scholars can use either off-the-shelf versions or build a customized model. I illustrate this approach in three examples applied to social messages generated in a telephone game, news headlines about US Supreme Court decisions, and Facebook posts from members of Congress. I show that cross-encoders, which utilize <i>pair-</i>level embeddings, offer superior performance across tasks relative to word-based and sentence-level embedding approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 4","pages":"1600-1616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) and globalization: Common microfoundations and political implications 对人工智能（AI）和全球化的态度：共同的微观基础和政治含义
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12959
Beatrice Magistro, Sophie Borwein, R. Michael Alvarez, Bart Bonikowski, Peter John Loewen
{"title":"Attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) and globalization: Common microfoundations and political implications","authors":"Beatrice Magistro,&nbsp;Sophie Borwein,&nbsp;R. Michael Alvarez,&nbsp;Bart Bonikowski,&nbsp;Peter John Loewen","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12959","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping labor markets and sparking political debates. Like economic globalization, AI developments promise benefits, including job creation and lower prices, but also costs such as job displacement, raising crucial questions about public perceptions. Will AI, like globalization, challenge existing paradigms and trigger a backlash? Leveraging a conjoint experiment with 6,000 respondents from the United States and Canada, we examine public opinion toward offshoring and generative AI, focusing on the multidimensional trade-offs between job and price changes. Across all scenarios, respondents are equally or more sensitive to price changes than employment shifts. AI is favored over offshoring, especially among Democrats, highlighting an emerging partisan divide in the United States. Republicans and Canadians show more varied support, indicating AI is not immune to opposition. By focusing on the microfoundations of opinion formation, we identify scenarios that may trigger or temper protectionist stances.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"348-365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why parties can benefit from promoting occupational diversity in legislatures: Experimental evidence from three countries 为什么政党可以从促进立法机构的职业多样性中受益：来自三个国家的实验证据
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12951
Mia Costa, Miguel M. Pereira
{"title":"Why parties can benefit from promoting occupational diversity in legislatures: Experimental evidence from three countries","authors":"Mia Costa,&nbsp;Miguel M. Pereira","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12951","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do legislators' occupational backgrounds shape their ability to advance policy? We argue that politicians with professional experience are perceived as more credible in their areas of expertise and can more effectively persuade voters and peers. We examine this argument in a series of experiments in three Western democracies. We find that German legislators with occupational experience in education are more effective at persuading voters in that policy area. The same pattern holds for United States' legislators with experience in healthcare. The quality of the arguments does not substitute for having actual occupational experience. These effects extend to elected officials: Swedish politicians are more likely to co-sign motions proposed by peers with relevant expertise. Overall, parties that foster occupational diversity are better equipped to build support for their policy agendas. The study uncovers a new mechanism through which descriptive representation can influence policy outcomes, independent of legislators' preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"304-320"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political diversity in U.S. police agencies 美国警察机构的政治多样性。
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12945
Bocar Ba, Haosen Ge, Jacob Kaplan, Dean Knox, Mayya Komisarchik, Gregory Lanzalotto, Rei Mariman, Jonathan Mummolo, Roman Rivera, Michelle Torres
{"title":"Political diversity in U.S. police agencies","authors":"Bocar Ba,&nbsp;Haosen Ge,&nbsp;Jacob Kaplan,&nbsp;Dean Knox,&nbsp;Mayya Komisarchik,&nbsp;Gregory Lanzalotto,&nbsp;Rei Mariman,&nbsp;Jonathan Mummolo,&nbsp;Roman Rivera,&nbsp;Michelle Torres","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12945","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12945","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Partisans are divided on policing policy, which may affect officer behavior. We merge rosters from 99 of the 100 largest local U.S. agencies—over one third of local law enforcement agents nationwide—with voter files to study police partisanship. Police skew more Republican than their jurisdictions, with notable exceptions. Using fine-grained data in Chicago and Houston, we compare behavior of Democratic and Republican officers facing common circumstances. We find minimal partisan differences after correcting for multiple comparisons. But consistent with prior work, we find Black and Hispanic officers make fewer stops and arrests in Chicago, and Black officers use force less often in both cities. Comparing same-race partisans, we find White Democrats make more violent crime arrests than White Republicans in Chicago. Our results suggest that despite Republicans' preference for more punitive law enforcement policy and their overrepresentation in policing, partisan divisions often do not translate into detectable differences in on-the-ground enforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 4","pages":"1617-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is there really a dictator's dilemma? Information and repression in autocracy 真的存在独裁者的困境吗？专制制度下的信息和镇压
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12952
Scott Gehlbach, Zhaotian Luo, Anton Shirikov, Dmitriy Vorobyev
{"title":"Is there really a dictator's dilemma? Information and repression in autocracy","authors":"Scott Gehlbach,&nbsp;Zhaotian Luo,&nbsp;Anton Shirikov,&nbsp;Dmitriy Vorobyev","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In his seminal work on the political economy of dictatorship, Ronald Wintrobe posited the existence of a “dictator's dilemma,” in which repression leaves an autocrat less secure by reducing information about discontent. We explore the nature and resolution of this dilemma with a formalization that builds on recent work in the political economy of nondemocracy. When the regime is sufficiently repressive, and the dictator's popularity correspondingly unclear to opposition as well as autocrat, the ruler faces two unattractive options: He can mobilize the repressive apparatus, even though there may be no threat to his rule, or he can refrain from mobilizing, even though the danger may be real. Semicompetitive elections can ease the dilemma through the controlled revelation of discontent. Paradoxically, the manipulation of information through such non-repressive means can allow for more rather than less repression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"381-395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peers, equals, and jurors: New data and methods on legal equality in Leveller thought 同侪、平等者与陪审员：平等主义思想下法律平等的新数据与新方法
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12946
Melissa Schwartzberg, Arthur Spirling
{"title":"Peers, equals, and jurors: New data and methods on legal equality in Leveller thought","authors":"Melissa Schwartzberg,&nbsp;Arthur Spirling","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12946","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider the Levellers' conception of equality relative to their contemporaries during the Civil War(s) period. We compile a corpus of hundreds of seventeenth−century pamphlets and combine this with novel word embedding techniques trained on millions of Early Modern English documents to make statements about word “meanings.” We focus on understanding of the phrase “peers and equals” (and its variants). We provide quantitative and qualitative evidence, in line with extant literature, that the Levellers—John Lilburne specifically—had a prevailing interest in equality in a way that is different to that expressed by other groups of the time. But contrary to current scholarship, we show that the Levellers and Lilburne were animated primarily by a particular institutional manifestation of legal equality: their interest in parity or the status of peers primarily pertained to the jury.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 4","pages":"1505-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making the other side mad: How out-group distaste benefits less competent candidates 让对方生气：群体外的厌恶如何使能力较差的候选人受益
IF 5.6 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12948
Joshua A. Strayhorn
{"title":"Making the other side mad: How out-group distaste benefits less competent candidates","authors":"Joshua A. Strayhorn","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I present a formal model of candidate evaluation in a context where voters within some group or political party learn information about to what extent various in-group candidates (such as a slate of primary candidates) are disliked by an out-group or opposing party. Thus, a voter's candidate evaluation is based in part on how they process information about which of their own candidates provoke particularly strong distaste from the out-group. I show that exposure to information about out-group distaste can cause voters to make misleading inferences about candidate characteristics, causing them to sometimes systematically prefer lower competence candidates. These effects are stronger for certain kinds of low-information voters, and for more ideologically motivated voters. The model can thus explain under what conditions voters will support politicians who particularly aggrieve the opposition. This can also create secondary incentives for politicians to signal incompetence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"334-347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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