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The contestable peoplehood account of democratically legitimate boundaries 关于民主合法边界的可争论的人民性论述
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12851
Tara Ginnane
{"title":"The contestable peoplehood account of democratically legitimate boundaries","authors":"Tara Ginnane","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12851","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12851","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a new way to assess whether laws that grant membership of a democratic people are themselves democratically legitimate. It thus offers a new answer to the old question of whether a democracy's boundaries can be democratic. The <i>contestable peoplehood</i> account builds from work that sees boundaries as irresolvable paradoxes that generate legitimacy through contestation. It also shows that boundaries shape identity by implying substantive accounts of peoplehood. Connecting these threads, it argues that boundaries are democratically legitimate when their implied accounts of peoplehood support contestation about what the basis of the people should be. It develops two new criteria to assess this, called contingency and non-denigration. The contestable peoplehood account offers a more politicized and pluralist way to assess boundaries’ democratic legitimacy than previously available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"734-747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endogenous preferences, credible signaling, and the security dilemma: Bridging the rationalist–constructivist divide 内生偏好、可信信号和安全困境：弥合理性主义与建构主义的鸿沟
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12844
Brandon Yoder, Kyle Haynes
{"title":"Endogenous preferences, credible signaling, and the security dilemma: Bridging the rationalist–constructivist divide","authors":"Brandon Yoder,&nbsp;Kyle Haynes","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How does the potential for socialization affect states' abilities to reassure each other and mitigate the security dilemma? Rationalist scholarship has identified numerous mechanisms by which states can credibly signal benign intentions. Yet it omits the possibility that states' interactions might endogenously shape their identities and domestic structures, and thus alter their basic preferences for or against cooperative outcomes. We present a formal model of the security dilemma that allows the sender's preferences to change endogenously as a function of the receiver's actions. The model yields several key results. First, the possibility of socialization generates incentives for benign actors to risk initiating cooperation, and even sustain cooperation in response to noncooperative signals in the hope of positively socializing the sender. However, conflict can still occur between mutually benign states through novel mechanisms not captured by standard models. These findings carry important implications for recent debates surrounding the US “engagement” strategy toward China.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"268-283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaping states into nations: The effects of ethnic geography on state borders 将国家塑造成民族：民族地理对国家边界的影响
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12838
Carl Müller-Crepon, Guy Schvitz, Lars-Erik Cederman
{"title":"Shaping states into nations: The effects of ethnic geography on state borders","authors":"Carl Müller-Crepon,&nbsp;Guy Schvitz,&nbsp;Lars-Erik Cederman","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Borders define states, yet little systematic evidence explains where they are drawn. Putting current challenges to state borders into perspective and breaking new methodological ground, this paper analyzes how ethnic geography and nationalism have shaped European borders since the 19<sup>th</sup> century. We argue that nationalism creates pressures to redraw political borders along ethnic lines, ultimately making states more congruent with ethnic groups. We introduce a Probabilistic Spatial Partition Model to test this argument, modeling state territories as partitions of a planar spatial graph. Using new data on Europe's ethnic geography since 1855, we find that ethnic boundaries increase the conditional probability that two locations they separate are, or will become, divided by a state border. Secession is an important mechanism driving this result. Similar dynamics characterize border change in Asia but not in Africa and the Americas. Our results highlight the endogenous formation of nation-states in Europe and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"132-147"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building tribes: How administrative units shaped ethnic groups in Africa 建设部落：行政单位如何塑造非洲的民族群体
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12835
Carl Müller-Crepon
{"title":"Building tribes: How administrative units shaped ethnic groups in Africa","authors":"Carl Müller-Crepon","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ethnic identities around the world are deeply intertwined with modern statehood, yet the extent to which territorial governance has shaped ethnic groups is empirically unknown. I argue that governments at the national and subnational levels have incentives to bias governance in favor of large groups. The resulting disadvantages for ethnic minorities motivate their assimilation and emigration. Both gradually align ethnic groups with administrative borders. I examine the result of this process at subnational administrative borders across sub-Saharan Africa and use credibly exogenous, straight borders for causal identification. I find substantive increases in the local population share of administrative units' predominant ethnic group at units' borders. Powerful traditional authorities and size advantages of predominant groups increase this effect. Data on minority assimilation and migration show that both drive the shaping of ethnic groups along administrative borders. These results highlight important effects of the territorial organization of modern governance on ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"406-422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is authority fungible? Legitimacy, domain congruence, and the limits of power in Africa 权威是可替代的吗？非洲的合法性、领域一致性和权力限制
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12837
Kate Baldwin, Kristen Kao, Ellen Lust
{"title":"Is authority fungible? Legitimacy, domain congruence, and the limits of power in Africa","authors":"Kate Baldwin,&nbsp;Kristen Kao,&nbsp;Ellen Lust","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12837","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars increasingly recognize the plurality of leaders who exercise de facto authority in governing communities. But what limits different leaders’ power to organize distinct types of collective action beyond the law? We contend that leaders’ influence varies by activity, depending on the degree to which the activity matches the leaders’ geographic scope and field of expertise (“domain congruence”). Employing conjoint endorsement experiments in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia, we test whether domain congruence predicts citizens’ willingness to comply with leader requests across different activities and examine the mechanisms that explain its importance. We find limits on leaders’ authority, that the concept of domain congruence helps predict the activities over which leaders have the greatest influence, and that leaders’ domain legitimacy may underpin the relationship between domain congruence and authority.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"314-329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tempering senses of superiority: The virtue of magnanimity in democracies 淡化优越感：民主政体中的宽宏大量美德
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12858
Juman Kim
{"title":"Tempering senses of superiority: The virtue of magnanimity in democracies","authors":"Juman Kim","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12858","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent years have witnessed growing concerns about mutual disrespect and civic enmity among democratic citizens. Ordinary people often find themselves in a particularly adversarial condition in which they shamelessly disregard their opponents and hold them in contempt, and vice versa. Each tends to assert their superiority while appearing to be impudent to one another. Instead of simply calling for mutual respect—deliberative or agonistic—this article aims to understand why people are prone to treating their opponents with disrespect in such an impassioned situation and how to temper the pleasing sense of superiority while redirecting its very motivational power toward better ends. Drawing primarily from Aristotle's <i>Rhetoric</i>, my account of <i>magnanimity</i> shows that the magnanimous can better manage to interact with their opponents, retaining their sense of superiority necessary for active political participation while at once preventing themselves from the downward spiral of the politics of impudence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"531-544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainty in crisis bargaining with multiple policy options 多重政策选择下危机谈判的不确定性
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12849
Brenton Kenkel, Peter Schram
{"title":"Uncertainty in crisis bargaining with multiple policy options","authors":"Brenton Kenkel,&nbsp;Peter Schram","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12849","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Formal models commonly characterize interstate bargaining as dichotomous, ending in either war or peace. But there are many forms of coercion—including supporting rebel groups, sanctions, and cyberattacks. How does the availability of intermediate policy options affect the incidence of war and peace? We present an analysis of crisis bargaining models with intermediate policy options that challenges conventional results about the relationship between private information and negotiation outcomes. In our “flexible-response” modeling framework, unlike in traditional crisis bargaining models, we find that greater private war payoffs may be associated with a lower probability of war or worse settlement values. When intermediate options are available, the relationship between the private efficacy of war and the private efficacy of these other options largely determines equilibrium outcomes. By utilizing the tools of mechanism design, we derive game-form–free results on how private information shapes international conflict, regardless of the precise negotiating protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"194-209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expedience and experimentation: John Maynard Keynes and the politics of time 经验与实验：约翰-梅纳德-凯恩斯与时间政治
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12839
Stefan Eich
{"title":"Expedience and experimentation: John Maynard Keynes and the politics of time","authors":"Stefan Eich","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12839","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>John Maynard Keynes is often seen as the quintessential thinker of the short run, calling on us to focus our intellectual and material resources on the present. This poses an intriguing puzzle in light of Keynes's own influential speculations about the future. I use this seeming tension as an opening into Keynes's politics of time, both as a crucial dimension of his political thought and a contribution to debates about political temporality and intertemporal choice. Keynes's insistence on radical uncertainty translated into a skepticism toward intertemporal calculus as not only morally objectionable but also at risk of undermining actual future possibilities. Instead of either myopic presentism or calculated futurity, Keynes advocated bold experimentation in the present to open up new possibilities for an uncertain future. This points to the need to grapple with how to align multiple overlapping time horizons while appreciating the performativity of competing conceptions of the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"371-382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simón Rodríguez and the sentimental roots of social republicanism 西蒙-罗德里格斯与社会共和主义的情感根源
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12842
Alejandro Castrillón
{"title":"Simón Rodríguez and the sentimental roots of social republicanism","authors":"Alejandro Castrillón","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12842","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12842","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I claim that Simón Rodríguez, a 19th-century Venezuelan thinker, used and reconfigured Jean-Jacques Rousseau's understanding of <i>amour-propre</i> to construct a new political foundation for Latin America. He sought to channel it and other sentiments toward productive ends with a social education. In doing so, Rodríguez departs from Rousseau while still addressing the latter's political concerns regarding the benefits of egalitarian republicanism and the pitfalls of civilizational progress. Instead of accepting political models from antiquity, Rodríguez conceives of an egalitarian social republic uniting the rich and poor, White and people of color. While skeptical of European civilization built on commerce, he sees the possibility of a social civilization reconciling the interests of all in society. This comparative study of Rodríguez provides a necessary addition to the history of political philosophy while offering insights into a mode of thinking still informing contemporary politics in Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Losing legitimacy: The challenges of the Dobbs ruling to conventional legitimacy theory 失去合法性：多布斯案的裁决对传统合法性理论的挑战
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12834
James L. Gibson
{"title":"Losing legitimacy: The challenges of the Dobbs ruling to conventional legitimacy theory","authors":"James L. Gibson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extant research has established that displeasure with a Supreme Court ruling typically has negligible consequences for institutional support, largely because, as legitimacy theory's positivity bias explains, judicial decisions are invariably delivered with the accoutrements of legitimizing symbols. The Court's ruling in <i>Dobbs</i>, abrogating a federal constitutional right to abortion services, may challenge legitimacy theory because displeasure with the ruling seems so widespread and intense. This research aims to determine whether the ruling lessened the Court's legitimacy. The general conclusion is that <i>Dobbs</i> produced a sizeable dent in institutional support, perhaps to an unprecedented degree, in part because abortion attitudes for many are infused with moral content and in part owing to the Court's substantial tilt to the right since 2020. Indeed, the Court's legitimacy may be at greater risk today than at any time since Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1930s attack on the institution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 3","pages":"1041-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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