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Keyword-Assisted Topic Models 关键词辅助主题模型
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12779
Shusei Eshima, Kosuke Imai, Tomoya Sasaki
{"title":"Keyword-Assisted Topic Models","authors":"Shusei Eshima,&nbsp;Kosuke Imai,&nbsp;Tomoya Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12779","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12779","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, fully automated content analysis based on probabilistic topic models has become popular among social scientists because of their scalability. However, researchers find that these models often fail to measure specific concepts of substantive interest by inadvertently creating multiple topics with similar content and combining distinct themes into a single topic. In this article, we empirically demonstrate that providing a small number of keywords can substantially enhance the measurement performance of topic models. An important advantage of the proposed keyword-assisted topic model (keyATM) is that the specification of keywords requires researchers to label topics prior to fitting a model to the data. This contrasts with a widespread practice of post hoc topic interpretation and adjustments that compromises the objectivity of empirical findings. In our application, we find that keyATM provides more interpretable results, has better document classification performance, and is less sensitive to the number of topics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"730-750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77746948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Globalization and Promissory Representation 全球化与承诺表述
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12789
Christina J. Schneider, Robert Thomson
{"title":"Globalization and Promissory Representation","authors":"Christina J. Schneider,&nbsp;Robert Thomson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12789","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12789","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the centrality of promise keeping to representation, we know little about how it is affected by economic globalization, which is one of the modern world's defining characteristics. We argue that globalization reduces governing parties' ability to keep their campaign promises. We test the empirical implications of our theory with a mixed-methods approach that combines a large-<i>n</i> quantitative comparative analysis of pledge fulfillment with a typical case study to trace the underlying causal mechanisms of the theory. The findings indicate that international economic integration exerts a large negative effect on the likelihood of pledge fulfillment in a broad range of contexts and that the hypothesized mechanisms are clearly observable in the detailed case study. These findings have important implications for democratic representation in a globalized world.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"304-318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62862902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Theories of Women's Underrepresentation in Elections 妇女在选举中代表性不足的建模理论
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12785
Scott Ashworth, Christopher R. Berry, Ethan Bueno de Mesquita
{"title":"Modeling Theories of Women's Underrepresentation in Elections","authors":"Scott Ashworth,&nbsp;Christopher R. Berry,&nbsp;Ethan Bueno de Mesquita","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12785","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12785","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on women candidates in American elections uncovers four key facts: Women (i) are underrepresented among candidates, (ii) are underrepresented among office holders, (iii) perform better in office, and (iv) win open seats at equal rates to men. Scholars offer two types of explanations: Women are less willing to run than men, due to differential costs or a gap in self-perceived qualification, or voters discriminate at the ballot box. We formally model these mechanisms. Lower willingness to run predicts the first three facts but not the fourth. Voter discrimination at the ballot box predicts the first three facts and creates competing effects with respect to the fourth. Thus, the major stylized facts cannot be explained without voter discrimination, whether overt or more subtle. We explore whether a close-election regression discontinuity distinguishes the mechanisms; surprisingly, it does not.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"289-303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44031532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
One More Time? Parties’ Repeated Electoral Entry in Younger Democracies 再来一次?年轻民主国家的政党反复参选
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12777
Raimondas Ibenskas, Marc van de Wardt
{"title":"One More Time? Parties’ Repeated Electoral Entry in Younger Democracies","authors":"Raimondas Ibenskas,&nbsp;Marc van de Wardt","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12777","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why and how parties continue contesting elections (“repeated entry”) is an underresearched question despite its essence for party survival and party-system stability. We study repeated entry in three decades of elections in 10 Central and Eastern European countries using a new dataset that records almost 1,000 entry decisions. Our findings underline the importance of separating between first- and second-league parties based on whether in the previous election a party could obtain representation alone. First-league parties (those that could gain representation alone) almost always contest the next election. Second-league parties (those that could not win representation alone) exit electoral competition quite frequently and adopt more diverse repeated-entry strategies. We find that second-league parties’ repeated entry depends on their closeness to the representation threshold, access to resources, and the number of competitors in their niche, but not on institutional constraints or voter dissatisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 3","pages":"1122-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testing the Benefits of Public Deliberation 测试公众审议的好处
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12775
William Minozzi, Ryan Kennedy, Kevin M. Esterling, Michael A. Neblo, Ryan Jewell
{"title":"Testing the Benefits of Public Deliberation","authors":"William Minozzi,&nbsp;Ryan Kennedy,&nbsp;Kevin M. Esterling,&nbsp;Michael A. Neblo,&nbsp;Ryan Jewell","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12775","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12775","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public deliberation grows increasingly prevalent yet remains costly in terms of money and time. Accordingly, some suggest supplanting talk-based practices with individual, “deliberation within.” Yet we have little evidence either way on the additional benefits of public deliberation over its individual variant. We evaluate the benefits of public deliberation with a field experiment. With the cooperation of two sitting US Senators, we recruited several hundred of their constituents to deliberate on immigration reform. Participants were randomly assigned to either deliberate publicly in an online discussion, to deliberate individually, or to an information-only control. Across several measures, public deliberation yielded more benefits than individual deliberation. We find, moreover, little evidence to ground worries that differences in education, race, conflict avoidance, gender, or gender composition of deliberating groups will render public talk less valuable than individual deliberation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"319-334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dynamics of a Policy Outcome: Market Response and Bureaucratic Enforcement of a Policy Change 政策结果的动力：政策变化的市场反应和官僚执行
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12784
Steven Callander, Dana Foarta, Takuo Sugaya
{"title":"The Dynamics of a Policy Outcome: Market Response and Bureaucratic Enforcement of a Policy Change","authors":"Steven Callander,&nbsp;Dana Foarta,&nbsp;Takuo Sugaya","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Policy outcomes are determined not by the words in a statute but by the actions of private citizens. A policy's success or failure depends on how it shapes behavior and how that behavior shapes the future course of policy. To understand this process, we develop a model that combines the political and nonpolitical domains, focusing on competition policy and the regulation of markets. We show how the outcome of a policy change develops over time as firms respond in the market and interact with bureaucratic enforcement. We identify a critical threshold in market structure that determines whether a policy succeeds or fails, and discuss how the design of political institutions affects this level. The threshold represents a balancing of the path dependence of politics with the self-correcting nature of markets. It establishes when political forces dominate those in markets and, thus, when a policy change has lasting effects on society.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1252-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49332549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Politicians Learn from Citizens’ Feedback: The Case of Gender on Twitter 政治家如何从公民的反馈中学习:推特上的性别案例
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12772
Nikolas Schöll, Aina Gallego, Gaël Le Mens
{"title":"How Politicians Learn from Citizens’ Feedback: The Case of Gender on Twitter","authors":"Nikolas Schöll,&nbsp;Aina Gallego,&nbsp;Gaël Le Mens","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12772","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12772","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article studies how politicians react to feedback from citizens on social media. We use a reinforcement-learning framework to model how politicians respond to citizens’ positive feedback by increasing attention to better received issues and allow feedback to vary depending on politicians’ gender. To test the model, we collect 1.5 million tweets published by Spanish MPs over 3 years, identify gender-issue tweets using a deep-learning algorithm (BERT) and measure feedback using retweets and likes. We find that citizens provide more positive feedback to female politicians for writing about gender, and that this contributes to their specialization in gender issues. The analysis of mechanisms suggests that female politicians receive more positive feedback because they are treated differently by citizens. To conclude, we discuss implications for representation, misperceptions, and polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 2","pages":"557-574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42188836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Target, Information, and Trade Preferences: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in East Asia 目标、信息和贸易偏好：来自东亚调查实验的证据
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12783
Sung Eun Kim, Jong Hee Park, Inbok Rhee, Joonseok Yang
{"title":"Target, Information, and Trade Preferences: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in East Asia","authors":"Sung Eun Kim,&nbsp;Jong Hee Park,&nbsp;Inbok Rhee,&nbsp;Joonseok Yang","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12783","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protectionist measures often have target countries, and public support for such measures depends on who the targets are. We identify such target effects on protectionist sentiments and examine the effects of information in tempering protectionist sentiments in East Asia. Using an original survey experiment in China, Japan, and South Korea, we test how providing information about the costs of protectionism changes public attitudes toward targeted protectionist measures. We found that providing a target country identity increased public support for protectionism by 8.6%. Providing cost information, on the other hand, reduces support for protectionism by 10%. We also found that information and target effects persist in the presence of the other: Receiving cost information reduces support for both general and targeted protectionism but does not necessarily mute the target effect. Similarly, when reputation and retaliation costs are associated with protectionism, knowing a target country identity still increases public support for protectionism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"67 4","pages":"898-914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Preference for Reciprocity in Congress 国会对互惠的偏好
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12774
Christian Fong
{"title":"The Preference for Reciprocity in Congress","authors":"Christian Fong","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12774","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12774","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most researchers assume legislators repay past favors to secure future rewards and avoid future punishments, but a growing literature shows that human beings are intrinsically motivated to reciprocate past favors. However, there is no systematic evidence as to whether legislators bring this preference for reciprocity to Congress. An original survey experiment, an observational study of end-of-career behavior, and a matching-based analysis of responses to committee assignments provide consistent evidence that legislators have a preference for reciprocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"67 4","pages":"1026-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44016342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retaining Political Talent: A Candidate-Centered Theory of Primary Adoption 保留政治人才:以候选人为中心的初选采纳理论
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12776
Sergio J. Ascencio
{"title":"Retaining Political Talent: A Candidate-Centered Theory of Primary Adoption","authors":"Sergio J. Ascencio","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12776","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12776","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why do party leaders constrain their own power and allow the use of primary elections? I develop a model of intraparty politics and electoral competition in which an ambitious office-seeker reevaluates their party affiliation after their party chooses a nomination rule. The model shows that in settings in which the linkages between politicians and parties are weak, party leaders adopt primaries in order to keep potential defectors from pursuing their individual ambitions outside of the party. The main theoretical result shows that only parties that are electorally strong <i>ex ante</i> can use primaries as a strategy to hold their parties together. Thus, in contrast to an extensive literature linking the use of primaries to electorally weak parties, this model posits the existence of a positive relationship between the use of primaries and a party's electoral strength. Analysis of legislative and gubernatorial nominations in Mexico provides strong support for the model's expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 3","pages":"1152-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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