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Local political representation as a pathway to power: A natural experiment in India 地方政治代表是通往权力的途径：印度的自然实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12840
Tanushree Goyal
{"title":"Local political representation as a pathway to power: A natural experiment in India","authors":"Tanushree Goyal","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12840","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What drives the career advancement of female politicians in opaque selection environments where party activists hold sway? I argue that women's higher presence in local politics not only improves party elite responsiveness to greater talent supply (top-down mechanism) but also expands women's capacity to organize grassroots activist networks to influence party-nomination decisions (bottom-up mechanism). Using the natural experiment of gender quotas in Delhi, which cause as-if-random variation in the number of local reserved seats within state constituencies, I estimate a novel effect of gender quotas. In state constituencies with women's higher presence in local politics, local female politicians are more likely to be promoted, and senior female politicians are more likely to get renominated. Qualitative evidence shows how women leverage grassroots networks and forge informal connections across party hierarchies. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of women's strategic political networks and grassroots organizing in shaping their political careers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"516-530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Encouraging politicians to act on climate: A field experiment with local officials in six countries 鼓励政治家就气候问题采取行动：对六个国家的地方官员进行实地实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12841
Miguel M. Pereira, Nathalie Giger, Maria D. Perez, Kaya Axelsson
{"title":"Encouraging politicians to act on climate: A field experiment with local officials in six countries","authors":"Miguel M. Pereira,&nbsp;Nathalie Giger,&nbsp;Maria D. Perez,&nbsp;Kaya Axelsson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12841","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local governments play an important role in addressing the climate crisis. However, despite public support for climate action, local policy responses have been limited. We argue that (1) biased beliefs about voter preferences, (2) the time horizon for credit claiming, and (3) source credibility are barriers for legislators to learn and adopt new environmental policies. We test these arguments in a real policy-learning context. Representatives from six Western countries received customized invitations to a webinar on climate solutions for local governments. We find that constituency opinion on climate issues made local office-holders more responsive to public preferences. Invitations sent by a climate scientist and emphasizing shorter term policy effects increased interest in the webinar, but did not boost the likelihood of policy commitments. Only US officials responded negatively to climate scientists. The results reveal concrete steps to induce climate action and contribute to scholarship on policy learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"148-163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unsubscribed and undemanding: Partisanship and the minimal effects of a field experiment encouraging local news consumption 未订阅和无需求：党派和鼓励地方新闻消费的实地实验的最小效应
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12845
Daniel J. Hopkins, Tori Gorton
{"title":"Unsubscribed and undemanding: Partisanship and the minimal effects of a field experiment encouraging local news consumption","authors":"Daniel J. Hopkins,&nbsp;Tori Gorton","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local newspapers convey extensive subnational political information but have dwindling audiences. In a nationalized and polarized information environment, can online interventions increase state/local news consumption and with what effects? We explore this question via a preregistered experiment randomizing Pennsylvania residents (<i>n</i> = 5059) to staggered interventions encouraging news consumption from leading state newspapers. A total of 2529 individuals were offered free online subscriptions, but only 44 subscribed; we find little evidence of treatment effects on knowledge, engagement, or attitudes. We then administered a second treatment element—promoting subnational news directly via Facebook feeds—with a higher application rate but similarly limited impacts. Observational analyses of these respondents and separate national samples show that Democratic political partisanship has come to predict local newspaper subscriptions. Contemporary local newspapers may face a demand-side dilemma: The engaged citizens who formerly read them now prefer national, partisan content.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1217-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pandora's ballot box: Electoral politics of direct democracy 潘多拉的投票箱：直接民主的选举政治
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12857
Peter Buisseret, Richard Van Weelden
{"title":"Pandora's ballot box: Electoral politics of direct democracy","authors":"Peter Buisseret,&nbsp;Richard Van Weelden","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study how office-seeking parties use direct democracy to shape elections. A party with a strong electoral base can benefit from using a binding referendum to resolve issues that divide its core supporters. When referendums do not bind, however, an electorally disadvantaged party may initiate a referendum to elevate new issues. It does so with the goal of dividing its stronger opponent's supporters. We identify conditions under which direct democracy improves congruence between policy outcomes and voter preferences, but also show that it can lead to greater misalignment both on issues subject to direct democracy and those that are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"501-515"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Citizens as a democratic safeguard? The sequence of sanctioning elite attacks on democracy 公民是民主的保障？认可精英对民主的攻击的顺序
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12847
Marc S. Jacob
{"title":"Citizens as a democratic safeguard? The sequence of sanctioning elite attacks on democracy","authors":"Marc S. Jacob","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12847","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In many elections worldwide, citizens support politicians who have undermined democracy while in office. Why? For citizens to safeguard democratic institutions, they must not only disapprove of a politician's undemocratic conduct but also be willing to retract support from her at the next election. This article examines under which conditions citizen evaluations of undemocratic elite conduct become consequential for behavioral actions and whether specific segments of the electorate, such as politically educated, liberal, antimajoritarian, and moderate partisans, react more forcefully to such elite violations. Evidence from a survey experiment in Poland, closely following the sequence of presidential elections, reveals that citizens firmly dislike attacks on core electoral institutions, irrespective of whether they are committed by incumbent or oppositional copartisans. However, neither the electorate's nor any segment's dissent translates into revised vote choices. The study has implications for why undemocratic elite behavior often remains unpunished and citizens rarely avert democratic backsliding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"455-470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating (in)experience in congressional elections 评估国会选举的（不）经验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12854
Rachel Porter, Sarah A. Treul
{"title":"Evaluating (in)experience in congressional elections","authors":"Rachel Porter,&nbsp;Sarah A. Treul","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12854","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From the 1980s to the mid-2010s, nearly three-quarters of members newly elected to the US House of Representatives had previous elected experience; however, only half of the freshmen elected from 2016 to 2020 held prior office. In this article, we investigate emergence- and success-driven explanations for the declining proportion of experienced officeholders entering Congress. In our analyses, we find that the advantages traditionally afforded to experienced candidates are waning. First, we show that inexperienced candidates’ emergence patterns have changed; amateurs are increasingly apt to emerge in the same kinds of contests as their experienced counterparts. We then show that experienced candidates have lost their fundraising edge and that—for certain kinds of candidates—the value of elected experience itself has declined. Lastly, we identify other candidate characteristics as strong predictors for success in modern elections. We demonstrate that these electorally advantageous identities overwhelmingly belong to candidates who lack elected experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"284-298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making fair comparisons in political theory 政治理论中的公平比较
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12850
Sean Ingham, David Wiens
{"title":"Making fair comparisons in political theory","authors":"Sean Ingham,&nbsp;David Wiens","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12850","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Normative political theorists frequently compare hypothetical scenarios for the purpose of identifying reasons to prefer one kind of institution to alternatives. We examine three types of “unfair” comparisons and the reasoning errors associated with each. A theorist makes an <i>obscure comparison</i> when one (or more) of the alternatives under consideration is underspecified; a theorist makes a <i>mismatched comparison</i> when they fail to hold fixed the relevant contextual factors while comparing alternatives; and a theorist makes an <i>irrelevant comparison</i> when they compare alternatives assuming contextual factors that differ in important respects from those they “should” assume given their theoretical aims. We then introduce the notion of a modeling mindset and show how this mindset can help theorists detect and avoid the three types of error. We conclude with a reconstruction of Cohen's camping trip thought experiment to illustrate the approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"594-606"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Great expectations: The effect of unmet labor market expectations after higher education on ideology 美好的期望高等教育后未实现的劳动力市场预期对意识形态的影响
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12836
Loreto Cox
{"title":"Great expectations: The effect of unmet labor market expectations after higher education on ideology","authors":"Loreto Cox","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Higher education has massively expanded around the world, yet we know little about the political consequences of this expansion. Students generally have overly optimistic expectations about the returns to educational investment, and the effects of unmet expectations on graduates’ political behavior have been overlooked. I study this phenomenon in Chile with observational and experimental methods, using unique panel survey data collected from new graduates covering 72% of higher education enrollment. The survey tracks students before and after they enter the labor market and includes an experiment that induces variation in their expectations. The panel data reveals that 65% of students have unmet expectations, and both methods indicate that this induces a shift toward progovernment/proequality ideology. Overall, this study shows that the gap between aspirations and reality upon graduation can be an important driver of political attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1416-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hierarchy and war 等级制度与战争
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12855
Maël van Beek, Michael Z. Lopate, Andrew Goodhart, David A. Peterson, Jared Edgerton, Haoming Xiong, Maryum Alam, Leyla Tiglay, Daniel Kent, Bear F. Braumoeller
{"title":"Hierarchy and war","authors":"Maël van Beek,&nbsp;Michael Z. Lopate,&nbsp;Andrew Goodhart,&nbsp;David A. Peterson,&nbsp;Jared Edgerton,&nbsp;Haoming Xiong,&nbsp;Maryum Alam,&nbsp;Leyla Tiglay,&nbsp;Daniel Kent,&nbsp;Bear F. Braumoeller","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12855","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars have written extensively about hierarchical international order, on the one hand, and war on the other, but surprisingly little work systematically explores the connection between the two. This disconnect is all the more striking given that empirical studies have found a strong relationship between the two. We provide a generative computational network model that explains hierarchy and war as two elements of a larger recursive process: The threat of war drives the formation of hierarchy, which in turn shapes states' incentives for war. Grounded in canonical theories of hierarchy and war, the model explains an array of known regularities about hierarchical order and conflict. Surprisingly, we also find that many traditional results of the international relations literature—including institutional persistence, balancing behavior, and systemic self-regulation—emerge from the interplay between hierarchy and war.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whose critique matters? The effects of critic identity and audience on public opinion 谁的批评重要？评论家身份和受众对舆论的影响
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12846
Yehonatan Abramson, Anil Menon, Abir Gitlin
{"title":"Whose critique matters? The effects of critic identity and audience on public opinion","authors":"Yehonatan Abramson,&nbsp;Anil Menon,&nbsp;Abir Gitlin","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12846","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12846","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When evaluating the impact of naming and shaming on public opinion regarding human rights, existing scholarship focuses on messages coming from ingroup or outgroup critics. Diaspora critics, increasingly vocal and visible in recent years, occupy an in-between identity. What, if any, is the impact of criticism coming from such critics? We address this question by fielding a pre-registered survey experiment in Israel, a country that routinely faces diasporic criticism. We find that exposure to criticism from both diaspora and foreign critics (but not from domestic critics) triggered a backlash response on the criticized issue (human rights) compared to a no-criticism condition. However, diaspora critics have a slight advantage over foreigners—their intentions for criticizing the state are perceived as more positive. Despite limited direct impact on public opinion, our findings suggest that the human rights regime could benefit from involving diasporic and domestic actors in their efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"355-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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