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The gendered costs of stigma: How experiences of conflict-related sexual violence affect civic engagement for women and men 污名化的性别成本：与冲突有关的性暴力经历如何影响男女公民参与
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12863
Carlo Koos, Richard Traunmüller
{"title":"The gendered costs of stigma: How experiences of conflict-related sexual violence affect civic engagement for women and men","authors":"Carlo Koos,&nbsp;Richard Traunmüller","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A common understanding emphasizes the destructive effects of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) on social cohesion and community life. Stressing the agency of survivors, we present an alternative argument. Our theory predicts that survivors seek to counteract the stigma attached to CRSV by contributing to the community in the form of civic engagement. Drawing on three original surveys from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, and Sri Lanka and relying on list experiments to reduce underreporting bias, we find that survivors of CRSV indeed show increased levels of civic engagement. This civic effect is consistent across the three contexts and very likely causal. We also rule out an alternative mechanism based on posttraumatic growth and dispel concerns that increased civic engagement comes at the expense of decreased intergroup relations. However, looking at sex differences, our results are more sobering. While in line with our prediction, they do not support the optimistic notion that survivors' mobilization results in female empowerment and the closing of existing gender gaps in civic behavior. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of CRSV, the legacy of violent conflict, and the gendered nature of politics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"763-778"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How UN peacekeeping missions enforce peace agreements 联合国维和特派团如何执行和平协定
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12853
Cameron Mailhot
{"title":"How UN peacekeeping missions enforce peace agreements","authors":"Cameron Mailhot","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12853","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do UN peacekeeping missions enforce peace agreements, and what effect do higher rates of enforcement have on agreement implementation and conflict termination? Peace agreement enforcement forms a central component of peacekeeping effectiveness, yet missions are often mandated to enforce a minority of agreement provisions, and they vary across both time and space in the ways in which they do so. I identify the three dimensions along which enforcement operates—the proportion and type of provisions that missions are mandated to enforce, alongside their mandated level of involvement in their implementation—and theorize about their positive effects on agreement implementation and conflict termination. Analyzing the Peacekeeping Enforcement Dataset, an original data set of the enforcement patterns of all UN peacekeeping missions (1989–2015), I find that each dimension of enforcement has, at various time points, a distinct impact on agreement implementation and preventing conflict recidivism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"669-684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged contact does not reshape locals' attitudes toward migrants in wartime settings 长期接触不会改变当地人对战时移民的态度
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12862
Yang-Yang Zhou, Jason Lyall
{"title":"Prolonged contact does not reshape locals' attitudes toward migrants in wartime settings","authors":"Yang-Yang Zhou,&nbsp;Jason Lyall","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12862","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite record numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) globally, we know little about the causal effects of intergroup contact between migrants and locals in active conflict settings. We conduct a randomized controlled trial of a vocational skills-training program implemented by Mercy Corps that enrolled 2597 locals and migrants in near equal numbers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where IDPs face daily prejudice and discrimination. Courses lasting up to 6 months emphasized collaborative learning and soft skills development. We surveyed participants at endline and followed up 8 months later. While the program provided the most sustained duration of intergroup contact (360–720 h) experimentally evaluated to date, we find no evidence of reported behavioral or attitudinal change by locals (<i>N</i> = 1276) toward migrants generally, regardless of classroom demographics or course duration. Our findings suggest that prolonged contact through vocational training programs is insufficient to improve relations in conflict settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"210-222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affirmative action without competition 没有竞争的平权行动
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12864
Andreas Bengtson
{"title":"Affirmative action without competition","authors":"Andreas Bengtson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12864","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Affirmative action is standardly pursued in relation to admissions to prestigious universities, in hiring for prestigious jobs, and when it comes to being elected to parliament. Central to these forms of affirmative action is that they have to do with competitive goods. A good is competitive when, if we improve A's chances of obtaining the good, we reduce B's chances of obtaining the good. I call this Competitive Affirmative Action. I distinguish this from Noncompetitive Affirmative Action. The latter has to do with noncompetitive goods, for example, being granted early parole or freedom from arbitrary arrest. I argue that some of the most prominent objections against affirmative action—in particular, the reverse discrimination objection and the merit objection—speak less against Noncompetitive Affirmative Action. And that some of the most prominent arguments in favor of affirmative action, insofar as they justify Competitive Affirmative Action, also justify Noncompetitive Affirmative Action.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 3","pages":"783-796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grievance shocks and coordination in protest 申诉冲击和抗议协调
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12859
Sofía Correa, Gaétan Nandong, Mehdi Shadmehr
{"title":"Grievance shocks and coordination in protest","authors":"Sofía Correa,&nbsp;Gaétan Nandong,&nbsp;Mehdi Shadmehr","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12859","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When grievance shocks have heavy tails, large sudden increases in grievances coordinate behavior far more effectively into protests than a sequence of small grievance shocks that generate the same final distribution of grievances in society. That is, society as a whole behaves like the legendary boiling frog, even though each individual does not. An implication is a strong form of path-dependence in collective action. To assess a society's potential for protest, it is not enough to know the current distribution of antiregime sentiments; we also need to know how they came about: suddenly or gradually. The theory also provides a rationale for the classic J-curve theory of revolution. We provide a quantitative analysis of the relationship between grievance shocks and protests in Chile in 2014–2019. Consistent with the theory, results suggest that, even after controlling for grievance levels, large grievance shocks increased the number of protests.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"341-354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political accountability under moral hazard 道德风险下的政治问责
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12860
Avidit Acharya, Elliot Lipnowski, João Ramos
{"title":"Political accountability under moral hazard","authors":"Avidit Acharya,&nbsp;Elliot Lipnowski,&nbsp;João Ramos","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12860","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Viewing the relationship between politicians and voters as a principal–agent interaction afflicted by moral hazard, we examine how political careers are shaped by the incentives that voters provide incumbents to work in the public interest. When moral hazard binds, the optimal way for voters to hold politicians accountable is to provide re-election incentives that evolve dynamically over their careers in office. Under these incentives, first-term politicians are among the most electorally vulnerable and the hardest-working; politician effort rises with electoral vulnerability; electoral security increases following good performance and decreases following bad performance; and both effort and electoral vulnerability tend to decline with tenure. In extensions, we study limited voter commitment, voluntary retirement from politics, and adverse selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Banking bad? A global field experiment on risk, reward, and regulation 银行业不景气？关于风险、回报和监管的全球实地实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12861
Michael G. Findley, Daniel L. Nielson, J. C. Sharman
{"title":"Banking bad? A global field experiment on risk, reward, and regulation","authors":"Michael G. Findley,&nbsp;Daniel L. Nielson,&nbsp;J. C. Sharman","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12861","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Are banks sensitive to risk and reward in following global corporate transparency rules? Using a worldwide field experiment, this study evaluates competing predictions from expected utility, behavioralist, and institutionalist accounts. We incorporated a dozen companies around the world to make over 15,000 email solicitations asking for corporate accounts from 5000 of the world's internationally connected banks. Treatments randomize the risk profiles of different companies—by their countries’ association with corruption, terrorism, and tax evasion—and vary rewards by stating differing amounts of business revenues. The outcomes are the rates at which banks offer accounts and comply with rules on customer identification. The results suggest that banks are moderately responsive to risk—though not reward—but the magnitude of the effects is small, providing mixed evidence for conventional models and suggestive support for institutionalist accounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"545-559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emigration and radical right populism 移民和极右翼民粹主义
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12852
Rafaela Dancygier, Sirus H. Dehdari, David D. Laitin, Moritz Marbach, Kåre Vernby
{"title":"Emigration and radical right populism","authors":"Rafaela Dancygier,&nbsp;Sirus H. Dehdari,&nbsp;David D. Laitin,&nbsp;Moritz Marbach,&nbsp;Kåre Vernby","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An extensive literature links the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties to immigration. We argue that another demographic trend is also significant: emigration. The departure of citizens due to internal and international emigration is a major phenomenon affecting elections via two complementary mechanisms. Emigration alters the composition of electorates, but also changes the preferences of the left behind. Empirically, we establish a positive correlation between PRR vote shares and net-migration loss at the subnational level across Europe. A more fine-grained panel analysis of precincts in Sweden demonstrates that the departure of citizens raises PRR vote shares in places of emigration and that the Social Democrats are the principal losers from emigration. Elite interviews and newspaper analyses explore how emigration produces material and psychological grievances on which populists capitalize and that established parties do not effectively address. Emigration and the frustrations it generates emerge as important sources of populist success.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"252-267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expertise acquisition in Congress 在国会获取专业知识
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12848
Christian Fong, Kenneth Lowande, Adam Rauh
{"title":"Expertise acquisition in Congress","authors":"Christian Fong,&nbsp;Kenneth Lowande,&nbsp;Adam Rauh","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12848","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12848","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to many, the US Congress desperately needs reform because its capacity to govern has declined. Congressional capacity cannot be understood without examining how the expertise available to members is fostered or discouraged. We present a theory of expertise acquisition and apply it to the problem of overseeing the Executive. We use this theory to organize a dataset of congressional staff employment merged with new records of invitations, applications, and attendance at training sessions produced by three nonprofit organizations in Washington, DC. We find that staffers are more likely to acquire expertise when their jobs are more secure and there are more opportunities to use their expertise in careers outside of Congress—most notably, when their party takes control of the presidency. Our analysis suggests that oversight expertise is generally not sufficiently valuable outside of Congress to entice many staffers to acquire it without subsidies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How partisanship in cities influences housing policy 城市的党派关系如何影响住房政策
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12856
Justin de Benedictis-Kessner, Daniel Jones, Christopher Warshaw
{"title":"How partisanship in cities influences housing policy","authors":"Justin de Benedictis-Kessner,&nbsp;Daniel Jones,&nbsp;Christopher Warshaw","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Housing policy is one of the most important areas of local politics. Yet little is known about how local legislatures and executives make housing policy decisions and how their elections shape policy in this important realm. We leverage housing policy data and a new data source of 15,621 city council elections and 3,261 mayoral elections in large cities in the United States and a regression discontinuity design to examine partisan divides in housing policy among the mass public as well as the impact of local leaders’ partisanship on housing policy. We provide robust evidence that electing mayors from different political parties shapes cities’ housing stock. Electing a Democrat as mayor leads to increased multifamily housing production. These effects are concentrated in cities where councils have less power over land use changes. Overall, our article shows that politics influences local housing policy, and it contributes to a larger literature on local political economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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