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Banking bad? A global field experiment on risk, reward, and regulation 银行业不景气？关于风险、回报和监管的全球实地实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12861
Michael G. Findley, Daniel L. Nielson, J. C. Sharman
{"title":"Banking bad? A global field experiment on risk, reward, and regulation","authors":"Michael G. Findley,&nbsp;Daniel L. Nielson,&nbsp;J. C. Sharman","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12861","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Are banks sensitive to risk and reward in following global corporate transparency rules? Using a worldwide field experiment, this study evaluates competing predictions from expected utility, behavioralist, and institutionalist accounts. We incorporated a dozen companies around the world to make over 15,000 email solicitations asking for corporate accounts from 5000 of the world's internationally connected banks. Treatments randomize the risk profiles of different companies—by their countries’ association with corruption, terrorism, and tax evasion—and vary rewards by stating differing amounts of business revenues. The outcomes are the rates at which banks offer accounts and comply with rules on customer identification. The results suggest that banks are moderately responsive to risk—though not reward—but the magnitude of the effects is small, providing mixed evidence for conventional models and suggestive support for institutionalist accounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"545-559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emigration and radical right populism
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12852
Rafaela Dancygier, Sirus H. Dehdari, David D. Laitin, Moritz Marbach, Kåre Vernby
{"title":"Emigration and radical right populism","authors":"Rafaela Dancygier,&nbsp;Sirus H. Dehdari,&nbsp;David D. Laitin,&nbsp;Moritz Marbach,&nbsp;Kåre Vernby","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An extensive literature links the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties to immigration. We argue that another demographic trend is also significant: emigration. The departure of citizens due to internal and international emigration is a major phenomenon affecting elections via two complementary mechanisms. Emigration alters the composition of electorates, but also changes the preferences of the left behind. Empirically, we establish a positive correlation between PRR vote shares and net-migration loss at the subnational level across Europe. A more fine-grained panel analysis of precincts in Sweden demonstrates that the departure of citizens raises PRR vote shares in places of emigration and that the Social Democrats are the principal losers from emigration. Elite interviews and newspaper analyses explore how emigration produces material and psychological grievances on which populists capitalize and that established parties do not effectively address. Emigration and the frustrations it generates emerge as important sources of populist success.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"252-267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expertise acquisition in Congress 在国会获取专业知识
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12848
Christian Fong, Kenneth Lowande, Adam Rauh
{"title":"Expertise acquisition in Congress","authors":"Christian Fong,&nbsp;Kenneth Lowande,&nbsp;Adam Rauh","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12848","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12848","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to many, the US Congress desperately needs reform because its capacity to govern has declined. Congressional capacity cannot be understood without examining how the expertise available to members is fostered or discouraged. We present a theory of expertise acquisition and apply it to the problem of overseeing the Executive. We use this theory to organize a dataset of congressional staff employment merged with new records of invitations, applications, and attendance at training sessions produced by three nonprofit organizations in Washington, DC. We find that staffers are more likely to acquire expertise when their jobs are more secure and there are more opportunities to use their expertise in careers outside of Congress—most notably, when their party takes control of the presidency. Our analysis suggests that oversight expertise is generally not sufficiently valuable outside of Congress to entice many staffers to acquire it without subsidies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How partisanship in cities influences housing policy
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12856
Justin de Benedictis-Kessner, Daniel Jones, Christopher Warshaw
{"title":"How partisanship in cities influences housing policy","authors":"Justin de Benedictis-Kessner,&nbsp;Daniel Jones,&nbsp;Christopher Warshaw","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Housing policy is one of the most important areas of local politics. Yet little is known about how local legislatures and executives make housing policy decisions and how their elections shape policy in this important realm. We leverage housing policy data and a new data source of 15,621 city council elections and 3,261 mayoral elections in large cities in the United States and a regression discontinuity design to examine partisan divides in housing policy among the mass public as well as the impact of local leaders’ partisanship on housing policy. We provide robust evidence that electing mayors from different political parties shapes cities’ housing stock. Electing a Democrat as mayor leads to increased multifamily housing production. These effects are concentrated in cities where councils have less power over land use changes. Overall, our article shows that politics influences local housing policy, and it contributes to a larger literature on local political economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local political representation as a pathway to power: A natural experiment in India 地方政治代表是通往权力的途径：印度的自然实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12840
Tanushree Goyal
{"title":"Local political representation as a pathway to power: A natural experiment in India","authors":"Tanushree Goyal","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12840","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What drives the career advancement of female politicians in opaque selection environments where party activists hold sway? I argue that women's higher presence in local politics not only improves party elite responsiveness to greater talent supply (top-down mechanism) but also expands women's capacity to organize grassroots activist networks to influence party-nomination decisions (bottom-up mechanism). Using the natural experiment of gender quotas in Delhi, which cause as-if-random variation in the number of local reserved seats within state constituencies, I estimate a novel effect of gender quotas. In state constituencies with women's higher presence in local politics, local female politicians are more likely to be promoted, and senior female politicians are more likely to get renominated. Qualitative evidence shows how women leverage grassroots networks and forge informal connections across party hierarchies. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of women's strategic political networks and grassroots organizing in shaping their political careers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"516-530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Encouraging politicians to act on climate: A field experiment with local officials in six countries 鼓励政治家就气候问题采取行动：对六个国家的地方官员进行实地实验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12841
Miguel M. Pereira, Nathalie Giger, Maria D. Perez, Kaya Axelsson
{"title":"Encouraging politicians to act on climate: A field experiment with local officials in six countries","authors":"Miguel M. Pereira,&nbsp;Nathalie Giger,&nbsp;Maria D. Perez,&nbsp;Kaya Axelsson","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12841","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local governments play an important role in addressing the climate crisis. However, despite public support for climate action, local policy responses have been limited. We argue that (1) biased beliefs about voter preferences, (2) the time horizon for credit claiming, and (3) source credibility are barriers for legislators to learn and adopt new environmental policies. We test these arguments in a real policy-learning context. Representatives from six Western countries received customized invitations to a webinar on climate solutions for local governments. We find that constituency opinion on climate issues made local office-holders more responsive to public preferences. Invitations sent by a climate scientist and emphasizing shorter term policy effects increased interest in the webinar, but did not boost the likelihood of policy commitments. Only US officials responded negatively to climate scientists. The results reveal concrete steps to induce climate action and contribute to scholarship on policy learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"148-163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unsubscribed and undemanding: Partisanship and the minimal effects of a field experiment encouraging local news consumption 未订阅和无需求：党派和鼓励地方新闻消费的实地实验的最小效应
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12845
Daniel J. Hopkins, Tori Gorton
{"title":"Unsubscribed and undemanding: Partisanship and the minimal effects of a field experiment encouraging local news consumption","authors":"Daniel J. Hopkins,&nbsp;Tori Gorton","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local newspapers convey extensive subnational political information but have dwindling audiences. In a nationalized and polarized information environment, can online interventions increase state/local news consumption and with what effects? We explore this question via a preregistered experiment randomizing Pennsylvania residents (<i>n</i> = 5059) to staggered interventions encouraging news consumption from leading state newspapers. A total of 2529 individuals were offered free online subscriptions, but only 44 subscribed; we find little evidence of treatment effects on knowledge, engagement, or attitudes. We then administered a second treatment element—promoting subnational news directly via Facebook feeds—with a higher application rate but similarly limited impacts. Observational analyses of these respondents and separate national samples show that Democratic political partisanship has come to predict local newspaper subscriptions. Contemporary local newspapers may face a demand-side dilemma: The engaged citizens who formerly read them now prefer national, partisan content.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"68 4","pages":"1217-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pandora's ballot box: Electoral politics of direct democracy
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12857
Peter Buisseret, Richard Van Weelden
{"title":"Pandora's ballot box: Electoral politics of direct democracy","authors":"Peter Buisseret,&nbsp;Richard Van Weelden","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study how office-seeking parties use direct democracy to shape elections. A party with a strong electoral base can benefit from using a binding referendum to resolve issues that divide its core supporters. When referendums do not bind, however, an electorally disadvantaged party may initiate a referendum to elevate new issues. It does so with the goal of dividing its stronger opponent's supporters. We identify conditions under which direct democracy improves congruence between policy outcomes and voter preferences, but also show that it can lead to greater misalignment both on issues subject to direct democracy and those that are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"501-515"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Citizens as a democratic safeguard? The sequence of sanctioning elite attacks on democracy 公民是民主的保障？认可精英对民主的攻击的顺序
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12847
Marc S. Jacob
{"title":"Citizens as a democratic safeguard? The sequence of sanctioning elite attacks on democracy","authors":"Marc S. Jacob","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12847","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In many elections worldwide, citizens support politicians who have undermined democracy while in office. Why? For citizens to safeguard democratic institutions, they must not only disapprove of a politician's undemocratic conduct but also be willing to retract support from her at the next election. This article examines under which conditions citizen evaluations of undemocratic elite conduct become consequential for behavioral actions and whether specific segments of the electorate, such as politically educated, liberal, antimajoritarian, and moderate partisans, react more forcefully to such elite violations. Evidence from a survey experiment in Poland, closely following the sequence of presidential elections, reveals that citizens firmly dislike attacks on core electoral institutions, irrespective of whether they are committed by incumbent or oppositional copartisans. However, neither the electorate's nor any segment's dissent translates into revised vote choices. The study has implications for why undemocratic elite behavior often remains unpunished and citizens rarely avert democratic backsliding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 2","pages":"455-470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating (in)experience in congressional elections 评估国会选举的（不）经验
IF 5 1区 社会学
American Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12854
Rachel Porter, Sarah A. Treul
{"title":"Evaluating (in)experience in congressional elections","authors":"Rachel Porter,&nbsp;Sarah A. Treul","doi":"10.1111/ajps.12854","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajps.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From the 1980s to the mid-2010s, nearly three-quarters of members newly elected to the US House of Representatives had previous elected experience; however, only half of the freshmen elected from 2016 to 2020 held prior office. In this article, we investigate emergence- and success-driven explanations for the declining proportion of experienced officeholders entering Congress. In our analyses, we find that the advantages traditionally afforded to experienced candidates are waning. First, we show that inexperienced candidates’ emergence patterns have changed; amateurs are increasingly apt to emerge in the same kinds of contests as their experienced counterparts. We then show that experienced candidates have lost their fundraising edge and that—for certain kinds of candidates—the value of elected experience itself has declined. Lastly, we identify other candidate characteristics as strong predictors for success in modern elections. We demonstrate that these electorally advantageous identities overwhelmingly belong to candidates who lack elected experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48447,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Political Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"284-298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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