Qualitative Health Research最新文献_第3页

Knowledge of the Stress-Health Link as a Source of Resilience Among Mexicans in the Arizona Borderlands. 亚利桑那州边境地区墨西哥人对压力与健康之间联系的认识是复原力的来源。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241251776

Rebecca M Crocker, Karina R Duenas, Idolina Castro, Maia Ingram, Emma Torres, Scott C Carvajal

{"title":"Knowledge of the Stress-Health Link as a Source of Resilience Among Mexicans in the Arizona Borderlands.","authors":"Rebecca M Crocker, Karina R Duenas, Idolina Castro, Maia Ingram, Emma Torres, Scott C Carvajal","doi":"10.1177/10497323241251776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241251776","url":null,"abstract":"Mexicans who migrate to the United States endure significant stressors related to the migration process and social and environmental conditions of life in the United States. Given that chronic stress exposure has been linked to the onset of health conditions, these ecological factors may expose them to increased risk for poor health. However, Mexicans have many positive health outcomes compared to those monitored nationally, making it crucial to understand possible sources of resilience in this population. Here, we investigate Mexicans' lay health knowledge in response to stress as a possible source of health-related resilience. Health knowledge is considered a central facet of practical and traditional knowledge as well as adaptive modes of intelligence and has a tangible impact on health. Using an ethnographically grounded community-based participatory research design informed by the theory of embodiment, our hybrid team of bilingual university and community-based researchers interviewed Mexican-origin residents (N = 30) living in rural southwestern Arizona about how they experienced and responded to stress and incorporated it into their etiological frameworks. Thematic analysis revealed that participants paid close attention to how stress presented itself in their bodies, which informed their understanding of its potentially harmful health impacts and motivated them to employ multiple stress reduction strategies. Our results highlight the breadth of Mexicans' lay health knowledge, thereby challenging dominant narratives about low rates of health literacy in this population. Findings can be harnessed to optimize potential health protective effects in home and community settings as well as to inform preventive and clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Living With Cancer: Child-Parent Dyads' Perspectives and Experiences From a Private Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. 与癌症共存：巴基斯坦一家私立三级甲等医院的儿童-父母二人组的观点和经验。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241255636

Sehrish Sajjad, Rubina Barolia, Raisa B Gul

{"title":"Living With Cancer: Child-Parent Dyads' Perspectives and Experiences From a Private Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.","authors":"Sehrish Sajjad, Rubina Barolia, Raisa B Gul","doi":"10.1177/10497323241255636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241255636","url":null,"abstract":"The life experiences of children with cancer and their parents as individuals have been well documented in literature. However, little is known about their experiences as child-parent dyads in Pakistan regarding these children's quality of life. Thus, the study was conducted in the context of the family-centric society of Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 participants (14 child-parent dyads), comprising 9 female and 5 male children receiving cancer treatment and 8 mothers and 6 fathers (primary caregivers). All the participants were Muslims and hailed from diverse ethnic backgrounds, and most belonged to middle socioeconomic backgrounds. Thematic analysis was performed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) framework, which revealed four themes: (1) Stress, Fears, and Optimism; (2) Reactions to Restrictions; (3) Adaptation and Coping; and (4) Support Structure and Mechanisms. The findings indicated that children's and parents' daily lives were affected in various ways during the children's cancer journey. They faced several challenges which impacted their well-being. Particularly, the children considered their symptoms as restrictions in the way of carrying out their routine lives. However, children and parents also elaborated on using different coping strategies, such as play, reminiscing the past, incorporating religious practices into their daily routines, and keeping a family-centred approach towards the child's care. The parents also recommended that cancer-specialised services and support groups should be accessible. Conclusively, these findings are useful for healthcare providers in giving family-centred care to afflicted families and devising innovative interventions that address the needs of children with cancer and improve their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Look at You Having Fun With Your Markers in Here!": Child Life Specialists' Countering of Infantilizating Narratives in Adult Oncology. "看你拿着记号笔在这里玩得多开心！"：儿童生活专家对成人肿瘤学中婴幼儿化叙述的反驳。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241257399

Monica L Molinaro, Shipra Taneja, David L Lysecki, Heather McKean, Daryl Bainbridge, Jonathan Sussman, Meredith Vanstone

{"title":"\"Look at You Having Fun With Your Markers in Here!\": Child Life Specialists' Countering of Infantilizating Narratives in Adult Oncology.","authors":"Monica L Molinaro, Shipra Taneja, David L Lysecki, Heather McKean, Daryl Bainbridge, Jonathan Sussman, Meredith Vanstone","doi":"10.1177/10497323241257399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241257399","url":null,"abstract":"Child life specialists are clinically trained and educated healthcare professionals who work in both healthcare environments and the community to address the needs of ill children and their families. However, child life specialists have previously reported potential for their role, responsibilities, and scope of practice to be misunderstood by their clinical colleagues. Using a narrative methodology, this paper presents the composite narrative of Diane, whose story encompasses the stories of the four child life specialists working in adult oncology environments in Ontario, Canada. Diane's narrative is a counter-story, which counters common assumptions, beliefs, and attitudes about child life specialists. Through spending significant time narrating the multitude of tasks that are encompassed within her scope of care, Diane reaffirms her identity as a valuable member of an interprofessional adult oncology team and counters infantilizing assumptions that she is merely a babysitter or child entertainer. Her story highlights how, while the introduction of child life specialists to adult healthcare environments is new, the work they do is of great benefit to families and their children. The lack of understanding from clinical colleagues of the role of child life specialists, however, hinders not only the development of relationships between colleagues, but also the care for these families.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ethnographic Interview: An Interdisciplinary Guide for Developing an Ethnographic Disposition in Health Research. 人种学访谈：在健康研究中培养人种学态度的跨学科指南》。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241241225

Catherine Trundle, John Gardner, Tarryn Phillips

{"title":"The Ethnographic Interview: An Interdisciplinary Guide for Developing an Ethnographic Disposition in Health Research.","authors":"Catherine Trundle, John Gardner, Tarryn Phillips","doi":"10.1177/10497323241241225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241241225","url":null,"abstract":"Interviews are central to the health ethnographers' toolkit. In this article, we offer a critical engagement with methodological literature coupled with reflective examples from our own research, in order to articulate the value of the ethnographic interview in health research. We contribute to literature on ethnographic interviews in two ways: by decoupling ethnographic interviews from the necessity of accompanying participant observation, and by outlining an ethnographic disposition towards interviewing. We define the seven key epistemic dispositions underpinning the ethnographic interview. These are humility, a readiness to revise core assumptions about a research topic, attentiveness to context, relationality, openness to complexity, an attention to ethnographic writing, and a consideration of the politics and history of the method. The strength of an epistemic understanding of the ethnographic interview is that it offers flexibility for developing a diverse array of interview techniques responsive to the needs of different research contexts and challenges. Ethnographic interviews, we show, contribute to the study of health through a richly explorative, responsive, contextualised, and reflexive approach.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Mobile Health Can Change the Contexts of Living With HIV and Engaging With Treatment and Care in Iran: A Realist-Informed Qualitative Study. 移动医疗如何改变伊朗艾滋病感染者的生活环境以及参与治疗和护理的情况：一项现实主义的定性研究。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241256865

Vira Ameli, Geoffrey Wong, Jane Barlow, Minoo Mohraz, Franziska Meinck, Leila Taj, Tayebeh Amiri, Abbas Boosiraz, Lora Sabin, Jessica E Haberer

{"title":"How Mobile Health Can Change the Contexts of Living With HIV and Engaging With Treatment and Care in Iran: A Realist-Informed Qualitative Study.","authors":"Vira Ameli, Geoffrey Wong, Jane Barlow, Minoo Mohraz, Franziska Meinck, Leila Taj, Tayebeh Amiri, Abbas Boosiraz, Lora Sabin, Jessica E Haberer","doi":"10.1177/10497323241256865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241256865","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are increasingly used to address the challenges of living with HIV and engaging with antiretroviral therapy. A wealth of evidence supports the efficacy of mHealth in supporting living with HIV. Yet, there is a dearth of evidence on how mHealth improves outcomes, which features are effective, and why these work in a particular setting. This study uses stakeholder views, including patients, providers, peer supporters, counsellors, and program directors, to conceptualize how specific mHealth features could interact with contexts of living with HIV and mechanisms that shape engagement with treatment. The study is part of an ongoing research project on engagement with HIV care in Iran. We draw on the perspectives of recently diagnosed and more treatment-experienced patients and their providers, using purposive sampling, conducting 9 focus group discussions with a total of 66 participants, in addition to 17 interviews. Our findings suggest that mHealth designs that feature provider connection, proactive care, and privacy and personalization are expected to dilute the harsh contexts of living with HIV. We build on previously identified socioecological pathways that disrupt antiretroviral therapy in Iran and find that mHealth can enhance the relation between the health system and patients. Our findings suggest that personalized mHealth features and provisions can partially mitigate the compounded impacts of harsh socioecological pathways that impede treatment success in Iran. Our social constructivist study was augmented with realist-informed analysis and could have transferability to similar contexts that trigger similar mechanisms of treatment disruption.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emotional Aftermath of Surviving an Attempted Intimate Partner Homicide. 亲密伴侣杀人未遂后的情感后遗症》。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241245643

Hila Avieli

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Experiences and Support Needs of Close Relatives in Psychiatric Euthanasia Trajectories: A Qualitative Exploration. 了解精神安乐死轨迹中近亲属的经历和支持需求：定性探索。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241237459

Sara Helinck, Monica Verhofstadt, Kenneth Chambaere, Koen Pardon

{"title":"Understanding the Experiences and Support Needs of Close Relatives in Psychiatric Euthanasia Trajectories: A Qualitative Exploration.","authors":"Sara Helinck, Monica Verhofstadt, Kenneth Chambaere, Koen Pardon","doi":"10.1177/10497323241237459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241237459","url":null,"abstract":"In Belgium, adults with psychiatric disorders can opt for euthanasia under strict conditions. The impact of these euthanasia trajectories on close relatives remains insufficiently studied. This research is the first in Belgium to explore the concrete experiences and support needs of relatives involved in psychiatric-based euthanasia trajectories by means of an in-depth interview study. The interviews with 18 relatives were conducted from March to May 2023 and analyzed using inductive thematic coding. The results reveal the complex and ambivalent emotional and cognitive experiences among relatives. Experiences with euthanasia trajectories varied from positive to negative, marked by shared feelings of surrealism and unreality. This included the farewell process that relatives go through, regardless of whether euthanasia was carried out. While the desired level of involvement varied, everyone sought some degree of recognition and understanding for their complex position during the euthanasia procedure, aiding in a better comprehension and contextualization of the request. The level of actual involvement and support depended on the stage of the euthanasia request, their social network, and the reasons behind the request. There was a demand for transparent communication, more emotional and practical support, and assistance in coping with the emotionally charged process. Specific attention is needed for the emotional and cognitive rollercoaster, even if euthanasia is not ultimately pursued. Future research should employ a longitudinal design to gain deeper insights into relatives' fluctuating experiences and support needs throughout euthanasia trajectories. Seeking greater context diversity and combining perspectives in cluster research can improve understanding of interconnected needs.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Perceptions and Preferences Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults in the United States. 美国变性和非二元青年对长效注射剂暴露前预防的看法和偏好。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241265943

Allegra R Gordon, Samantha Haiken, Gabriel R Murchison, Madina Agénor, Jaclyn M W Hughto, Kimberly M Nelson

{"title":"Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Perceptions and Preferences Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults in the United States.","authors":"Allegra R Gordon, Samantha Haiken, Gabriel R Murchison, Madina Agénor, Jaclyn M W Hughto, Kimberly M Nelson","doi":"10.1177/10497323241265943","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10497323241265943","url":null,"abstract":"Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (LAI-PrEP) was approved for use in the United States in 2021, yet little is known about perceptions of LAI-PrEP among transgender and nonbinary young adults, a group that faces substantial barriers to HIV prevention. We investigated US transgender and nonbinary young adults' perceptions of and attitudes toward LAI-PrEP and how perceived advantages and disadvantages of LAI-PrEP related to the PrEP continuum of care. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 transgender and nonbinary young adults who reported oral PrEP use or were PrEP-eligible. We analyzed responses using both a deductive RADaR approach, to identify LAI-PrEP perceptions relevant to the PrEP continuum of care, and an inductive thematic analysis to explore key themes. In this study, all PrEP-experienced and most PrEP-naïve participants indicated an interest in LAI-PrEP, citing advantages over daily oral medication (e.g., fewer adherence challenges). Three key themes emerged: (1) Some participants linked perceived advantages of LAI-PrEP to experiences with gender-affirming care (e.g., familiarity with needles via hormone use). (2) Participants weighed trade-offs and contextual factors that influenced their LAI-PrEP preferences (e.g., interest contingent on whether location for receiving injection was geographically accessible). (3) Participants envisaged alternative delivery methods that could enhance LAI-PrEP acceptability and uptake (e.g., home injection). HIV prevention programs should incorporate the insights of transgender and nonbinary young adults to ensure that emerging HIV prevention technologies are accessible and responsive to the needs and concerns of people of all gender modalities.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Now You Get to See Me": Black Women Healthcare Professionals' Experiences in Sister Circles During the Double Pandemic. "现在你可以看到我了"：黑人女性医疗保健专业人员在双重大流行期间在姐妹圈中的经历。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241227802

Sherella Cupid, Anglesia Brown, Hope Hickerson

{"title":"\"Now You Get to See Me\": Black Women Healthcare Professionals' Experiences in Sister Circles During the Double Pandemic.","authors":"Sherella Cupid, Anglesia Brown, Hope Hickerson","doi":"10.1177/10497323241227802","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10497323241227802","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the world through the necessity of mask mandates and stay-at-home orders, while marginalized communities continued to grapple with disproportionate outcomes of the pandemic due to systemic racism. Hence, some had to live in a double pandemic, such as minoritized healthcare professionals on the frontlines addressing the uncertainties of the health crisis. Importantly, Black women healthcare professionals relied upon sister circles as a mental health mechanism. Sister circles are support groups for and by Black women and are often informally formed within contexts such as education, work, and recreation. This qualitative study deepens the understanding of how during the double pandemic sister circles in the United States created a space for Black women healthcare professionals to support each other in managing stress, navigating workspaces, and sustaining their personal lives. Fifteen participants across different health professions, including nursing, social work, and therapy, participated in one-time interviews and focus groups to share their experiences as members of a sister circle. Four salient themes were: (1) mental health support, (2) mutual understanding, (3) guidance on how to engage in salary negotiations, and (4) professional knowledge. Additionally, the findings indicate that sister circles provided them a space for mental health support, rooted in mutual understanding, along with offering advice on salary negotiations and advancing their overall professional knowledge.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nature-Based Group Exercises for People With Arthritis: A Qualitative Along-Side Interview Study of Lived Experiences. 关节炎患者的自然团体锻炼：对生活经验的定性随访研究。

IF 2.6 2区医学

Qualitative Health Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241227151

Jannie Buhl Knudsen, Charlotte Simonÿ, Lars Hermann Tang, Søren T Skou, Malene Beck

{"title":"Nature-Based Group Exercises for People With Arthritis: A Qualitative Along-Side Interview Study of Lived Experiences.","authors":"Jannie Buhl Knudsen, Charlotte Simonÿ, Lars Hermann Tang, Søren T Skou, Malene Beck","doi":"10.1177/10497323241227151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10497323241227151","url":null,"abstract":"Arthritis affects many individuals and can cause pain and limit physical functioning. Exercise is an important treatment option for individuals with arthritis; however, adherence to exercise programs can be challenging. A new initiative in Denmark has introduced nature-based exercises for patients with arthritis. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of the individuals who participated in those exercises. The study used a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach and conducted along-side interviews with 12 women and three men who participated in nature-based exercise programs for arthritis. Analysis of the data revealed two main themes. The first theme highlighted the positive effects of being in nature, such as increased vitality, reduced pain, and a sense of well-being. The second theme emphasized the social benefits of participating in these exercises, including a sense of connection and community with others. Overall, this study suggests that incorporating nature-based exercises in treatment programs for arthritis could have significant benefits for individuals with this condition.","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0