Journal of Public Economics最新文献_第2页

Political accountability and bureaucratic selection 政治问责制和官僚选拔

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105580

Antonio León , Kelly Santos

引用次数: 0

Emergency care centers, hospital performance and population health 急救中心、医院绩效和人口健康

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105573

Sonia Bhalotra , Letícia Nunes , Rudi Rocha

{"title":"Emergency care centers, hospital performance and population health","authors":"Sonia Bhalotra , Letícia Nunes , Rudi Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A core challenge for healthcare systems is ensuring timely care for critical conditions while efficiently managing lower-complexity cases. Hospitals, often overburdened by both, struggle to balance these demands and allocate resources effectively. Many countries have responded by introducing alternative 24/7 facilities to relieve hospital strain and improve patient outcomes, yet evidence on their impact remains limited. We evaluate the introduction of freestanding Emergency Care Centers (UPAs) within Brazil’s publicly funded health system, leveraging rich administrative data. We find that UPAs reduced hospital outpatient procedures by 30% and hospital admissions for ambulatory-sensitive conditions by 24–37%, enabling hospitals to focus on more complex cases, such as surgeries and obstetric admissions, which increased by 25%. We observe a 13% reduction in inpatient mortality, particularly in intensive care and for conditions best suited to hospital treatment. While some deaths were displaced to UPAs, there was a decline in population-level mortality of 1.8%, although this is not statistically significant. Our findings show how an intermediate tier of emergency care reshapes patient sorting, alleviates hospital congestion, and improves hospital performance in an overstretched public health system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Not ready” as a productive wake-up call: Do second chances improve human capital investments? “还没准备好”是一个富有成效的警钟：第二次机会能改善人力资本投资吗？

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105563

Thorbjørn Sejr Guul , Søren Albeck Nielsen

{"title":"“Not ready” as a productive wake-up call: Do second chances improve human capital investments?","authors":"Thorbjørn Sejr Guul , Søren Albeck Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study a policy reform in Denmark that introduced a GPA threshold for academic readiness for upper secondary education 1.5 years before the end of middle school. Students near the threshold received similar information about their academic performance, but those just below it were labeled “not ready” and offered a second chance through reevaluation the following year. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find that students just below the threshold improved their final middle school GPA, were more likely to complete high school, and subsequently more likely to enroll in post-secondary education. These effects are driven primarily by increased student effort, evidenced by higher conscientiousness and reduced part-time work, rather than changes in school or parental investment. Importantly, we find no adverse effects on student well-being. The positive effects are especially pronounced among students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and among girls, but we observe beneficial impacts across all subgroups. Our results suggest that entry criteria combined with second-chance opportunities can substantially improve students’ educational trajectories, particularly in the transition to upper secondary education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precautionary liquidity and worker decisions: Evidence from French employee saving plans 预防性流动性和工人决策：来自法国雇员储蓄计划的证据

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105575

Marie Briere , James Poterba , Ariane Szafarz

引用次数: 0

Bad networks 糟糕的网络

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105574

Robert Akerlof, Richard Holden, DJ Thornton

引用次数: 0

Women’s labor market opportunities and equality in the household 妇女的劳动力市场机会和家庭中的平等

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105557

Erik Grönqvist , Lena Hensvik , Yoko Okuyama , Anna Thoresson

引用次数: 0

When protection becomes exploitation: The impact of firing costs on Naïve Employees 当保护变成剥削：解雇成本对Naïve员工的影响

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105564

Florian Englmaier , Matthias Fahn , Ulrich Glogowsky , Marco A. Schwarz

{"title":"When protection becomes exploitation: The impact of firing costs on Naïve Employees","authors":"Florian Englmaier , Matthias Fahn , Ulrich Glogowsky , Marco A. Schwarz","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper identifies a new channel through which employment protection laws can harm workers: they enable employers to exploit naïve present-biased employees. The theoretical mechanism through which firing costs enable exploitation is built upon a widespread career structure. Employers frequently offer career trajectories with an unattractive entry phase (e.g., with low pay or high effort), an even less attractive mid-career stage, and high rewards promised in a final career phase. Naïve employees accept such contracts, expecting to complete the high-reward track. They, however, eventually drop out or sort into alternative paths mid-career when costs loom large and rewards remain distant. As a result, employers avoid paying the promised rewards while capturing surplus from early-career phases. Firing costs give employers more leeway to exploit workers with such contracts: they reduce the employees’ expected risk of dismissal and make long-term rewards appear more credible. Employers can then exploit employees even more—for example, by lowering early-career wages—knowing that employees will still accept such steeper contracts despite not following through. Our model aligns with career patterns in fields such as healthcare, academia, or accounting. It also yields testable predictions on wage structures, attrition, and how firing costs and labor market conditions shape contract design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air pollution as comparative disadvantage 空气污染作为相对劣势

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105560

Shi-Ting He , Liugang Sheng , Peng Zhang

引用次数: 0

The consequences of wildfire liability for firm precaution: Evidence from power shutoffs in California 野火责任对预防措施的影响：来自加州停电的证据

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105552

Christopher Malloy

{"title":"The consequences of wildfire liability for firm precaution: Evidence from power shutoffs in California","authors":"Christopher Malloy","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines firm responses to the entire distribution of potential liability by studying power line-ignited fires in California’s electric utility sector. In this setting, when a power line-ignited fire damages a structure, the owner of the power line assumes the cost. The unique setting allows me to estimate how firm precautions vary across the entire distribution of liabilities they face. Using exogenous variation in firms’ expected liabilities from potential fire ignitions across days, I show that, on average, firms are 0.03 percentage points more likely to take costly precautionary actions as the level of expected liability that they face increases by 10 % (mean of 0.6 %). Applying a back of the envelope calculation suggests that, at its mean distribution circuit, the most responsive firm increases precautionary investments by $10 per dollar increase in its expected liability. Furthermore, I show that firms’ precautionary responses weaken as the likelihood of bankruptcy from expected liability increases. Applying the estimates to a stylized model implies that limiting firms’ exposure to liability across their service territory would create aggregate social welfare benefits between $27 million and $270 million.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the welfare cost of labor supply frictions 劳动力供给摩擦的福利成本估算

IF 3.4 1区经济学

Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105556

Katy Bergstrom, William Dodds, Nicholas Lacoste, Juan Rios

{"title":"Estimating the welfare cost of labor supply frictions","authors":"Katy Bergstrom, William Dodds, Nicholas Lacoste, Juan Rios","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper quantifies how much people would be willing to pay to remove frictions that impede them from working their ideal number of hours using two sufficient statistics: (1) the percentage difference between ideal (i.e., frictionless) hours and actual hours, and (2) the Hicksian elasticity of ideal hours with respect to the after-tax wage rate. We implement this method to construct estimates of the willingness-to-pay to remove frictions in the United States and Germany. There are three core findings: (1) the cost of adjustment frictions (an omnibus measure encompassing, for example, fixed costs of adjustment, discrete choice sets, and search costs) is large for any reasonable value of the Hicksian ideal hours elasticity, even when accounting for multiple labor supply decisions, endogenous wages, and dynamic decisions; (2) the cumulative cost of adjustment frictions and tax misperceptions is even larger: individuals in the U.S. (Germany) would be willing to pay at least 7 % (4 %) of their income on average to remove these two frictions in hours worked; and (3) adjustment frictions appear to be much more costly than tax misperceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0