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Decentralized markets for electricity in low-income countries 低收入国家分散的电力市场
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105376
Megan Lang
{"title":"Decentralized markets for electricity in low-income countries","authors":"Megan Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments in low-income countries are increasingly integrating off-grid electricity provision into national electrification strategies, creating novel, decentralized markets for electricity. I study a highly decentralized product that plays an increasingly important role in energy access: pay as you go (PAYGo) solar home systems. Unlike grid electrification, PAYGo solar features low upfront connection prices but relatively high usage prices. To what extent are high intensive margin prices limiting the adoption of solar home systems? In 2019, the Togolese government implemented a large subsidy reducing usage prices by 17.8%–41.7%, while the upfront price of adoption remained constant. I estimate that the subsidy dramatically increased adoption, with the largest effects occurring for the smallest systems (240% increase). I go on to develop a stylized model that shows that the effects of such subsidies are uncertain due to the unique cost structure of decentralized solar electricity. My results highlight the importance of use prices in the electrification decisions of low-income households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Landmines: The local effects of demining 地雷：排雷的局部影响
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105399
Mounu Prem , Miguel E. Purroy , Juan F. Vargas
{"title":"Landmines: The local effects of demining","authors":"Mounu Prem ,&nbsp;Miguel E. Purroy ,&nbsp;Juan F. Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-personnel landmines pose a significant barrier to long-term development, threatening lives and obstructing mobility, preventing agricultural investments, market access and schooling. By analyzing geolocated data on demining operations in Colombia and taking advantage of its staggered implementation, we show that comprehensive humanitarian demining, involving affected communities, significantly boosts economic activity and population density, particularly in areas with better market access. We also observe improved academic achievement partially due to access to a better educational environment. Finally, demining reduces coca plantations, with no impact on extractive economic activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The dynamics of cohort effect in politics 政治中的群体效应动力学
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105397
Gilat Levy, Ronny Razin
{"title":"The dynamics of cohort effect in politics","authors":"Gilat Levy,&nbsp;Ronny Razin","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the dynamic ramifications of cohort effects on politics. We propose a theoretical framework that encompasses a dynamic social-learning model of politics, where cohort effects are endogenously derived from preceding generations’ political decisions. This process underscores the role of political experiences in shaping the beliefs of younger cohorts, which subsequently influence policy decisions as these individuals mature. We demonstrate how these dynamic intergenerational linkages lead to cyclical patterns of polarised and cohesive cohorts. In the proposed model, cohorts emerging during periods of political consensus display less familiarity with optimal policies, resulting, due to random external shocks, in high variance of public opinions. Conversely, cohorts maturing amidst polarisation and political turnover demonstrate greater knowledge about optimal policies, leading to more cohesive public opinions. Notably, our model suggests that transitory shocks can exert persistent influence on politics due to these dynamic linkages. We also present some suggestive evidence, using ANES surveys, showing that different cohorts’ opinions exhibit distinct levels of variance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From syringes to dishes: Improving food sufficiency through vaccination 从注射器到餐具：通过接种疫苗提高食物充足率
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105392
Erkmen G. Aslim , Wei Fu , Erdal Tekin , Shijun You
{"title":"From syringes to dishes: Improving food sufficiency through vaccination","authors":"Erkmen G. Aslim ,&nbsp;Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Erdal Tekin ,&nbsp;Shijun You","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on food insufficiency in the United States, using data from the Household Pulse Survey. Our primary research design exploits variation in vaccine eligibility across states over time as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity of vaccination decision. We find that vaccination had a substantial impact on food hardship by reducing the likelihood of food insufficiency by 24%, with even stronger effects among minority and financially disadvantaged populations. These results are robust to alternative specifications and the use of regression discontinuity as an alternative identification strategy. We also show that vaccine eligibility had a positive spillover impact on food assistance programs, notably reducing participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the use of its benefits, suggesting that vaccination policies can help alleviate the government’s fiscal burden during public health crises. Our analysis offers detailed insights into the potential mechanisms linking vaccination to food insufficiency. We demonstrate that vaccination yields changes in both material circumstances and financial expectations. Specifically, vaccination increases the use of regular income for spending needs and reduces reports of insufficient food due to unaffordability. Additionally, we find that vaccination improves financial optimism, reflected in expectations for future employment income loss and the ability to meet mortgage and debt obligations. Our findings are consistent with the notion that this optimism, along with labor market recovery, diminished the need for precautionary savings, reduced reliance on government assistance, and encouraged household spending on essential goods like food, ultimately lowering food insufficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consumer sentiment towards Asians in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic Covid-19大流行初期，消费者对亚洲人的看法
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105396
Kerwin Kofi Charles , Jonathan Guryan , Kyung H. Park
{"title":"Consumer sentiment towards Asians in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Kerwin Kofi Charles ,&nbsp;Jonathan Guryan ,&nbsp;Kyung H. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We revisit the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic to examine whether restaurant foot traffic reveals changes in sentiment towards ethnic groups. Our findings show reduced demand for dining at Asian restaurants located inside Asian enclaves, while outside enclaves, the decline in visits to Asian restaurants was comparable to non-Asian restaurants. In contrast, Italian restaurant enclaves did not experience similar declines in foot traffic after news of the outbreak in Italy and the first U.S. case linked to travel to Italy. We also find suggestive evidence that the shift in consumption was associated with elevated negative sentiment towards Asians rather than efforts to avoid exposure to international travelers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 105396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social networks and organizational helping behavior: Experimental evidence from the helping game 社会网络与组织帮助行为：来自帮助游戏的实验证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105388
Hande Erkut , Ernesto Reuben
{"title":"Social networks and organizational helping behavior: Experimental evidence from the helping game","authors":"Hande Erkut ,&nbsp;Ernesto Reuben","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the causal impact of social ties and network structure on helping behavior in organizations. We introduce and experimentally study a game called the ‘helping game,’ where individuals unilaterally decide whether to incur a cost to help other team members when helping is a rivalrous good. We find that social ties have a strong positive effect on helping behavior. Individuals are more likely to help those with whom they are connected, but the likelihood of helping decreases as the social distance between individuals increases. Additionally, individuals randomly assigned to be more central in the network are more likely to help others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beliefs about inequality and the nature of support for redistribution 关于不平等和支持再分配的本质的信念
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105350
Aljosha Henkel , Ernst Fehr , Julien Senn , Thomas Epper
{"title":"Beliefs about inequality and the nature of support for redistribution","authors":"Aljosha Henkel ,&nbsp;Ernst Fehr ,&nbsp;Julien Senn ,&nbsp;Thomas Epper","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do beliefs about inequality depend on distributive preferences? What is the joint role of preferences and beliefs about inequality for support for redistribution? We study these questions in a staggered experiment with a broadly representative sample of the Swiss population conducted in the context of a vote on a highly redistributive policy proposal. Our sample comprises a majority of inequality averse subjects, a sizeable group of altruistic subjects, and a minority of predominantly selfish subjects. Irrespective of preference types, individuals overestimate the extent of income inequality. An information intervention successfully corrects these large misperceptions for all types, but essentially does <em>not</em> affect aggregate support for redistribution. These results hide, however, important heterogeneity because the effects of beliefs about inequality for demand for redistribution are preference-dependent: only inequality averse individuals, but not the selfish and altruistic ones, significantly reduce their support for redistribution. These findings cast a new light on the seemingly puzzling result that, in the aggregate, large changes in beliefs about inequality often do not translate into changes in demand for redistribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Present bias in politics and self-committing treaties 目前的政治偏见和自我承诺的条约
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105372
Bård Harstad , Anke S. Kessler
{"title":"Present bias in politics and self-committing treaties","authors":"Bård Harstad ,&nbsp;Anke S. Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study how international environmental agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems. Policymakers often prefer future policies to be sustainable, but are tempted to invest less when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher than when preferences are time consistent, especially when the political environment is unstable and polarized and the international spillovers are limited. This model also explains participation in treaties whose mandates do not vary with the coalition size and why the coalition will not unravel if, for example, the US exits the Paris Agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gulags, crime, and elite violence: Origins and consequences of the Russian mafia 古拉格、犯罪和精英暴力：俄罗斯黑手党的起源和后果
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105361
Jakub Lonsky
{"title":"Gulags, crime, and elite violence: Origins and consequences of the Russian mafia","authors":"Jakub Lonsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the origins and consequences of the Russian mafia (<em>vory-v-zakone</em>). Using a unique web scraped dataset containing detailed biographies of more than 5,000 mafia leaders, I first show that the Russian mafia originated in the Soviet <em>Gulag</em>, and could be found near the camps’ initial locations throughout the 1990s Russia. Then, using an instrumental variable approach that exploits the proximity of the Russian mafia to the camps, I show that Russian communities with mafia presence in the 1990s experienced a dramatic rise in crime driven by elite violence which erupted shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The surge in violence was indiscriminate with respect to the victim type. Furthermore, the effect of mafia presence on elite violence was smaller in places where either all or none of the vory were ethnic Russians, suggesting some degree of ethnic conflict within the criminal organization itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New evidence on the efficacy of state-based retirement programs: The case of OregonSaves 关于以州为基础的退休计划有效性的新证据：俄勒冈储蓄的案例
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105379
John Chalmers , Olivia S. Mitchell , Jonathan Reuter , Mingli Zhong
{"title":"New evidence on the efficacy of state-based retirement programs: The case of OregonSaves","authors":"John Chalmers ,&nbsp;Olivia S. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Jonathan Reuter ,&nbsp;Mingli Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seventeen US states have mandated employers to facilitate auto-enrollment retirement saving for workers lacking access to employer-sponsored plans, and proposed federal legislation seeks to extend these plans to the national level. This paper examines the experience with OregonSaves, the country’s longest-running plan, documenting that the program did prompt some participant savings. Median account balances were about $600 by mid-2023, but opt-out rates were above 50%, especially for the low-paid. Repeated exposure to the plan slightly reduced opt-outs, though withdrawals remained common. While modest savings accrued for many, it remains unclear whether these accounts will grow large enough to significantly increase retirement consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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