Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space最新文献_第6页

Small businesses and government assistance during COVID-19: Evidence from the paycheck protection program in the U.S. COVID-19期间的小企业和政府援助:来自美国工资保护计划的证据

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231166407

Qingfang Wang, Wei Kang

{"title":"Small businesses and government assistance during COVID-19: Evidence from the paycheck protection program in the U.S.","authors":"Qingfang Wang, Wei Kang","doi":"10.1177/0308518x231166407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x231166407","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented losses for small businesses in cities across the globe. Policymakers have relied on a wide range of measures to support firms and sustain business continuity. However, significant concerns have been expressed about the degree of equity in the distribution and efficiency of government assistance during the pandemic disruption. Drawing on the case of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and its implementation in inland Southern California, this study examines the spatial distribution of PPP loans at the neighborhood level. Based on spatial regressions and in-depth interviews with small businesses, banks, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations, the study finds that, in terms of their total number and value, the PPP loans have roughly succeeded in reaching their small business targets. However, communities with higher shares of pandemic-vulnerable businesses or higher levels of socioeconomic vulnerability are less likely to have received PPP loans. There have also been spatial spillover effects of community vulnerability when it comes to receiving PPP loans at the neighborhood level. The correlation between fewer PPP loans and community vulnerability also reflects both short-term needs and longstanding challenges facing entrepreneurship and business development in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Moreover, small business resilience and community resilience are inseparable, and thus government business assistance must be considered in the context of local communities.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81294814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction: Critical approaches to rentiership 导言:关键的方法来出租

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231162363

K. Birch, Callum Ward

{"title":"Introduction: Critical approaches to rentiership","authors":"K. Birch, Callum Ward","doi":"10.1177/0308518X231162363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X231162363","url":null,"abstract":"The provocation of this special issue is that contemporary capitalism is different. It is increasingly dominated by rentiership rather than entrepreneurship: that is, the extraction of economic rents from the ownership and/or control of assets and resources, rather than profits resulting from the production and sale of new goods and services. We understand economic rents as the value exacted or extracted from the socio-natural world as a result of the relations of ownership and control of particular assets or resources, primarily because of their constructed degree of scarcity or quality (see Birch, 2017, 2020; Birch and Ward, 2022; Christophers, 2020; Haila, 2016; Standing, 2016; Ward and Aalbers, 2016; Zeller, 2008). The concept of rentiership adds to a geographical analysis by specifying the socio-economic power imbalances, strategies, and processes driving wealth extraction and concentration. We circulated the call for papers in mid-2018 when unease with the prevalence of rent-seeking in contemporary capitalism appeared to be coming to a head (Mulgan, 2013; Piketty, 2014; Sayer, 2015; Standing, 2016; Stiglitz, 2012). While papers have been available online since as early as 2019, the final special issue itself has been delayed as a result of the pandemic and associated time pressures on authors. In that period, the characterization of contemporary capitalism as “rentier,” in the sense of being dominated by assets and their owners (Christophers, 2019, 2020; Mazzucato, 2018), has become almost commonplace (e.g. Wolf, 2019). This has extended beyond academia; for example, the 2020–2025 Strategic Plan of major Canadian think tank the Centre for International Governance Innovation highlights the need for “research and analysis surrounding how different competition frameworks could lead to changes in market power and the distribution of rents.” Similar concerns with the problems associated with rentiership are evident in major NGOs (e.g. Jacobs, 2015), the United Nations (e.g. UNCTAD, 2017), and even the World Economic Forum.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reorienting new state capitalism to food and agriculture 将新的国家资本主义转向粮食和农业

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231157749

Marion Werner

引用次数: 0

The changing spatial arrangements of global finance: Financial, social and legal infrastructures 变化中的全球金融空间安排:金融、社会和法律基础设施

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231159396

Sarah Hall, A. Leaver, Leonard Seabrooke, D. Tischer

引用次数: 0

Connecting up embedded knowledge across Northern Powerhouse cities 连接北方动力城市的嵌入式知识

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231159108

Daniel Straulino, F. Froy, T. Schwanen, N. O’Clery

{"title":"Connecting up embedded knowledge across Northern Powerhouse cities","authors":"Daniel Straulino, F. Froy, T. Schwanen, N. O’Clery","doi":"10.1177/0308518x231159108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x231159108","url":null,"abstract":"One of the driving rationales behind plans for major transport investment between Northern UK cities is that of connecting labour pools. Integrated labour pools, the argument goes, will give rise to agglomeration economies and subsequent growth. Behind this logic lies the idea that access to complementary skills in neighbouring cities will yield benefits for firms. Yet, at what travel time radius is access to these skills beneficial? Can a better understanding of this inform our assessment of the likely economic impact of proposed transport investments and subsequent reductions in travel times? Here we develop a method to estimate this radius based on the relationship between industry employment growth in a city and the size of employment in ‘skill-related’ sectors. Assuming car or rail travel, we find that for Northern cities the radius is around 45 min while for the South it is around 110 min. Manufacturing peaks around 45 min for the whole UK, including both North and South. Services, however, peak around 110 min in the South but 70 min in the North. A comparison between the UK’s Integrated Rail Plan and earlier proposals to invest in High Speed 2 rail and Northern rail connections uncovers lost opportunities for employment growth in Manchester, Leeds and Sheffield. This study provides a road-map for the deployment of methods from Evolutionary Economic Geography, originally developed to predict regional and urban growth and diversification processes as a function of the local skill mix, to evaluate the potential gains from transport infrastructure schemes.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State capitalism, imperialism and China: Bringing history back in 国家资本主义、帝国主义和中国:回归历史

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231159904

Isabella M. Weber

{"title":"State capitalism, imperialism and China: Bringing history back in","authors":"Isabella M. Weber","doi":"10.1177/0308518X231159904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X231159904","url":null,"abstract":"State capitalism is experiencing a revival as a term to capture the current capitalist constellations and departures from neoliberalism. Unlike, neoliberalism, however, the term state capitalism has a long history reaching back to the age of imperialism in the late 19th century. Although state capitalism has been used as a prerogative term by Marxists, liberals, and neoliberals alike, it has served as a programmatic label for developmentalist and neomercantilist projects in reaction to imperialism in the periphery. This paper argues that we need to bring the intellectual history of state capitalism into the ‘new state capitalism’ debate. China has played a major role in the revival of state capitalism in the social sciences, but the long history of China's engagement with state capitalism as a concept and program dating back to the late Qing reformers has been overlooked for the most part. State capitalism is by no means new to China, from Liang Qichao, Sun Yatsen, and Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping, the idea that China had to create a modern nation-state and industrial capitalism in the name of economic progress and to get ahead in the global competition is a recurring theme. What is new is that for the first time, the ambition to use state capitalism as a means to catch up with the West is bearing fruits in ways that could undermine the predominance of Western economies.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85525731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Wrestling with “the new” state capitalism 与“新”国家资本主义角力

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231159109

J. Peck

引用次数: 1

Legitimacy and the extraordinary growth of ESG measures and metrics in the global investment management industry ESG措施和指标在全球投资管理行业的合法性和非凡增长

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231155484

G. Clark, Adam D. Dixon

引用次数: 0

The explanatory power of the landscape perspective on inter-organizational collaboration 景观视角对组织间协作的解释力

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231152889

Mart‐Jan de Jong, J. Edelenbos, G. Teisman, J. Hoffman, M. Hajer

{"title":"The explanatory power of the landscape perspective on inter-organizational collaboration","authors":"Mart‐Jan de Jong, J. Edelenbos, G. Teisman, J. Hoffman, M. Hajer","doi":"10.1177/0308518X231152889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X231152889","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration between organizations is generally seen as a pre-requisite for dealing with complex problems, but such efforts appear to be inherently difficult and often disappoint expectations regarding their problem-solving capacity. In this article we add to the existing literature by taking a systemic, landscape perspective on collaborative success and failure. Using a case study of urban regeneration in the Dutch Randstad conurbation, we show that when practitioners aim to collaborate on an inter-organizational level (between organizations), they also need to collaborate productively on intra-organizational (between teams) and supra-organizational (between coalitions) levels. We investigate the tense relationships within and among these levels, and highlight what happens in-between, thereby picturing a bigger collaborative landscape. Drawing on interviews and participant observation we reveal horizontal and vertical practices of “in-betweening” within and between each level. These practices are a promising way to overcome difficulties that may surface on the inter-organizational level but are influenced by the two other levels. Understanding and synchronizing collaborations on all three levels is presented as an effective way to increase the problem-solving capacity of inter-organizational collaboration.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80130633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unpacking corporate ownership in property markets: A typology of investors and the making of an investment value chain in Brazil 解构房地产市场中的企业所有权:投资者的类型和巴西投资价值链的形成

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231157742

D. Sanfelici, Maira Magnani

{"title":"Unpacking corporate ownership in property markets: A typology of investors and the making of an investment value chain in Brazil","authors":"D. Sanfelici, Maira Magnani","doi":"10.1177/0308518x231157742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x231157742","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have analyzed the social, spatial, and economic consequences of the sharp rise in corporate ownership of property assets. These studies have shown that financial(ized) rationalities, preferences, and techniques increasingly shape the investment behavior of corporate landlords, with notable effects in cities and regions. Less attention has been given, however, to the heterogeneity of actors that are bundled together under the umbrella of corporate landlords, as well as to the investment strategies these different actors pursue. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing the investment behavior of three corporate and financial investors in Brazil's commercial property markets: pension funds; listed property firms; and real estate investment trusts. Drawing on institutional and evolutionary approaches to economic geography, we build a typology of investor types in Brazil's commercial property markets which shows that the investment preferences of these actors are largely shaped by three key variables: their organizational rules and routines; their ownership structure; and differential access to financing. In addition, we show that these investment preferences translate into distinguishable patterns of property investment and influence broader property market dynamics by giving shape to an investment value chain.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89645008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0