Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space最新文献_第10页

Unbuilding the city: Deconstruction and the circular economy in Vancouver. 拆除城市:温哥华的解构主义和循环经济。

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221116891

Nicholas Lynch

{"title":"Unbuilding the city: Deconstruction and the circular economy in Vancouver.","authors":"Nicholas Lynch","doi":"10.1177/0308518X221116891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221116891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, the construction, renovation, and demolition sectors are increasingly responsible for growing resource demand and structural waste, even given progress in energy efficient technologies, 'green' building design, and local planning regulations. In response, the Circular Economy has become a popular agenda in the construction, renovation, and demolition sector as it offers a new model that not only maximizes materials reuse and recovery but also reframes urban systems and the built environment in a closed-loop (cradle-to-cradle) paradigm. In particular, popular visions of the Circular Economy promote, among other actions, 'optimizing' the end-of-the-life of buildings and their materials. Deconstruction (i.e. piece-by-piece demolition) is one key optimization strategy that has received increasing, yet limited, attention by researchers. This paper traces the development of an incipient deconstruction sector in Vancouver, focusing on the possibilities and challenges of deconstruction and material recovery practices as viable strategies for a transformative Circular Economy. I investigate two related aspects: first, the emerging policy landscape surrounding green demolition, and second, the development of 'unbuilding' practices and more formal 'Deconstruction Hubs'. Overall, the paper finds that while these developments represent fundamental steps towards a more sustainable built environment, there remain a number of significant social, political and economic limitations that must be confronted if we are to meet the growing demands for more radical sustainability and 'circularity' not only in Canadian construction, renovation, and demolition sectors, but across Canadian cities and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40385147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Financialisation, central banks and ‘new’ state capitalism: The case of the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England 金融化、中央银行和“新”国家资本主义:美联储、欧洲央行和英格兰银行的案例

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221133114

M. Sokol

{"title":"Financialisation, central banks and ‘new’ state capitalism: The case of the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England","authors":"M. Sokol","doi":"10.1177/0308518X221133114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221133114","url":null,"abstract":"Monetary policies are not usually considered as part of the repertoire of ‘state capitalism’. However, unconventional monetary operations performed by central banks in recent years make this exclusion increasingly problematic. This paper thus explores whether recent central bank interventions should be considered manifestations of ‘new’ state capitalism. Analysis focuses on the actions of three central banks from the advanced capitalist core in the West – the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. By mobilising the ‘financial chains’ perspective, this paper highlights the fact that, under financialisation, contemporary central banks have assumed a pivotal role in shaping Western capitalism and its uneven geographies. Through these recent unconventional interventions, central banks have in effect become ‘creators’ or ‘generators’ of (financial) capital. As such, their role in shaping uneven economic geographies across space (well beyond their official territorial boundaries) has expanded. Spatial ramifications of central banks’ capital-generating operations could thus fit easily within the framework of ‘uneven and combined state capitalism’. The possibility of considering the unconventional operations of central banks as state capitalist could also go hand in hand with a modified definition of state capitalism. Indeed, the rubric of state capitalism could potentially be enlarged to include configurations of capitalism where the state plays a particularly strong role not only as promoter, supervisor and owner of capital but also as a ‘generator’ of capital. This capital-generating role appears to be essential for the survival of contemporary capitalism.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75704453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

FX swaps, shadow banks and the global dollar footprint 外汇掉期、影子银行和全球美元足迹

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221128302

Yannis Dafermos, Daniela Gabor, J. Michell

{"title":"FX swaps, shadow banks and the global dollar footprint","authors":"Yannis Dafermos, Daniela Gabor, J. Michell","doi":"10.1177/0308518X221128302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221128302","url":null,"abstract":"The era of dollar-based financial globalisation has seen a steady rise in the use of foreign exchange (FX) swaps. We provide a macrofinancial political economy perspective on the geography of FX swaps, and the spatial effects of central bank policies aimed at taming instabilities associated with the uneven geography of the dollar. First, we analyse the mechanisms and potential sources of instability involved in accessing dollars using FX swaps and repurchase agreement (repo) contracts, respectively, in both private and public (central bank) use. Second, we show that the distribution of currencies and institutions involved in trading swaps is skewed, reflecting both the dominance of the dollar as international financing currency and the uneven international distribution of dollar-denominated assets and liabilities. We document the changing composition of dollar swap users on both the long-dollar and short-dollar side and identify potential sources of macrofinancial vulnerability for dollar lenders and borrowers. The Fed's approach to global liquidity provision via both swaps and repos constitutes a spatially variegated strategy to preserve the hegemony of the US dollar. Despite its partial success in reducing instability due to cross-border financial imbalances, the Fed's uneven and hierarchical lender of last resort approach cannot sufficiently stabilise global finance to underpin a new era of macrofinancial stability.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90205766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The political economy of land value capture in the UK: Rent and viability in Salford’s new municipalist turn 英国土地价值获取的政治经济学:索尔福德新市政主义转向中的租金和生存能力

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221131322

Thomas F. Purcell, Callum Ward

引用次数: 2

‘Commodification of everything’ arguments in the social sciences: Variants, specification, evaluation, critique 社会科学中的“一切商品商品化”论点:变体、规范、评价、批判

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221128305

D. Hall

{"title":"‘Commodification of everything’ arguments in the social sciences: Variants, specification, evaluation, critique","authors":"D. Hall","doi":"10.1177/0308518X221128305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221128305","url":null,"abstract":"Claims about ‘the commodification of everything’ are a staple of 21st century left (and some liberal) analysis and critique. These claims, however, are asserted much more often than they are backed up, and little attention has been devoted to thinking through how they might be substantiated or to what ‘the commodification of everything’ actually means. This paper contributes to contemporary debates over capitalism, commodification and politics by suggesting ways that commodification-of-everything arguments can be better specified and evaluated. It identifies four variants of commodification-of-everything claims; reviews and critiques the literature's uses of the terms ‘commodity’, ‘everything’ and ‘thing’; and articulates three possible definitions of ‘the commodification of everything’ that raise additional questions about defining ‘sale’ and ‘market’ and the implications of thinking of things as commodities. The conclusion suggests reframings of the relationship between capitalism and commodification that seek to preserve the force of commodification-of-everything claims while avoiding their pitfalls.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84868663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rental proptech platforms: Changing landlord and tenant power relations in the UK private rental sector? 租赁技术平台:改变英国私人租赁行业的业主和租户权力关系?

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221126522

T. Wainwright

引用次数: 4

(Re)building first Nations community economies: From forest to frame (再)建设第一国家社区经济:从森林到框架

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221130079

Anthony W. Persaud, Jonaki Bhattacharyya, R. Ross

引用次数: 0

School regime restructuring in Western China: From archetypal to multi-scale and variegated political–economic embeddedness 西部地区学校制度重构:从原型到多尺度、多元的政治经济嵌入

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221130081

Mengzhu Zhang

{"title":"School regime restructuring in Western China: From archetypal to multi-scale and variegated political–economic embeddedness","authors":"Mengzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0308518X221130081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221130081","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the emerging variegated school and education regimes (SERs) in urban China during the political–economic restructuring in the 2010s. Criticising the existing literature for pursuing a national-scale, ideal and static embeddedness of SER in stylised territorial capitalism, this study develops an inter-scale analytical framework foregrounding urban political economy to link the SER restructuring, local socio-spatial transformation and changing political economy in the real world. This framework is based on variegated capitalism approach and multi-spatial meta-governance thesis with a focus on the extended and spatial function of SER at the urban scale. We substantiate the framework by investigating the three SERs in three Chinese cities. Attention is paid to how the municipality uses a specific SER to facilitate a specific local socio-spatial transformation, and how these actions stem from the new local entrepreneurial strategies that are induced by the changing national accumulation strategy. This study provides a new perspective to understand the recent and drastic socio-spatial transformation in Chinese cities, and shifts the research concern on the multi-level, variegated and dynamic embeddedness of SER restructuring in the geographical process of changing political economy.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87488623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A politically less contested and financially more calculable urban future: Density techniques and heightened land commodification in Taiwan 一个政治上争议较少、经济上更可计算的城市未来:台湾的密度技术和土地商品化程度的提高

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x221128588

Mi Shih, Y. Chiang

{"title":"A politically less contested and financially more calculable urban future: Density techniques and heightened land commodification in Taiwan","authors":"Mi Shih, Y. Chiang","doi":"10.1177/0308518x221128588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x221128588","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines and makes explicit the co-constitutive relationship between density techniques, their depoliticization effects, and heightened land commodification in Taiwan's acceleration to a real estate–oriented economy. TDR (transfer of development rights) and density bonusing are two almost omnipresent practices in urban land development in Taiwan. We ask how their technocratic approach—using predetermined formulas to bracket density use while almost entirely foreclosing community negotiation—has played a formative role in accelerating land commodification. Using mixed research methods, the case study of Central North in New Taipei City helps lay bare how formulaic density rules enable planners to embed their epistemic assumptions about what constitutes a good city within intensified property development. Mimicking the calculative practices performed by the real estate sector, we use residual valuation methods to estimate the maximum price-lifting effects of 18 real estate development projects. We show that formulaic rules allow density to enter cost–benefit analysis spreadsheets as a profit booster in advance of actual granting of extra density, emboldening aggressive land brokering, buying, and selling, which churn up land prices. We argue that the technical depoliticization generated by TDR and density bonusing has become the most effective catalyst in creating a politically less contested and financially more calculable urban world in which capital's acquisitive appetite for land's monetary value is intensified. We conclude by discussing the implications for how to move density from a domain of technical rules and real estate finance to a politics of land.","PeriodicalId":48432,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79817304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporary markets: Market devices and processes of valuation at three Basel art fairs 临时市场:三个巴塞尔艺术博览会的市场设备和估价过程

IF 4.2 1区社会学

Environment and Planning A-Economy and Space Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X221128309

T. Haisch, Max-Peter Menzel

引用次数: 0