{"title":"What Do We Really Know? A 40-Year Scientific Realist Examination of Theory Testing in Project Management","authors":"Thomas P. Kenworthy , Kam Jugdev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The nature and extent of middle-range theory testing, an indicator of intellectual progress, is an unexamined area in project management scholarship.</div><div><strong>Design/Methodology:</strong> We conducted a scientific realist analysis of all 4,033 articles published in three core project management journals over 40 years (1983 to 2023), and identified which theories were tested, how often, and their disciplinary origins.</div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> Theory testing grew from 6% to 33% of empirical articles. We found 19.5% theory testing density, comparable to neighboring disciplines. We identified 441 distinct theories tested and a large volume of single tests of domestic theories. However, repeatedly tested theories are predominantly borrowed from other disciplines, indicating reliance on foreign theories for knowledge creation.</div><div><strong>Practical Implications:</strong> We introduce a borrowed theory assessment framework and demonstrate its application to transaction cost economics, providing scholars and editors with criteria for evaluating foreign theories before adoption.</div><div><strong>Originality/Value:</strong> This is the first systematic examination of theory testing patterns in project management, revealing growing maturity and legitimacy while identifying overreliance on borrowed theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 8","pages":"Article 102788"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical performance of construction project management team: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure","authors":"Wenqi Li, Jianhua Li, Yiqin Yu, Liying Wang, Sihan Cao, Botao Gu, Dongping Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poor ethical performance of construction project management teams (EPCPMT) has been shown to negatively affect project quality, public safety, and the industry’s reputation. However, there has been no clear definition of this construct and no rigorous psychometric scale to measure it. This paper proposes a well-theorized conceptualization of EPCPMT grounded in professional ethics and stakeholder theory within the micro-meso-macro ethical framework. Building on this, a 32-item, multidimensional scale was developed and validated across three studies in the Chinese construction industry. Results support a reflective-formative second-order model comprising four dimensions: Professionalism & Responsibility, Safety & Health, Integrity & Justice, and Society & Environment. The scale exhibits robust psychometric properties and satisfactory fit indices across two independent samples. These findings lay the foundation for further empirical investigation and theoretical development in project management ethics. Practically, the scale offers a standardized instrument for evaluating ethical performance and informing targeted ethical training and intervention strategies in construction projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 8","pages":"Article 102784"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On cost, over time: How Scandinavian transport infrastructure challenges conventional understanding of project delivery performance","authors":"Paul Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rail and road infrastructure projects completed in Denmark, Norway and Sweden between 2008-2022 were generally delivered ‘on cost, over time’. Evidence of delivery to budget over many years stands in sharp contrast to results generally reported in scholarly project management literature and widely amplified. This lack of persistent cost overruns questions claims that the planning fallacy is the root cause of cost overrun and other performance shortfalls, and that optimism bias and malevolent agency dynamics such as strategic misrepresentation are rife.</div><div>This research avoids the methodological weaknesses of most prior work by employing data from demonstrably reliable sources, and is transparent about data provenance allowing replication by other researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 8","pages":"Article 102787"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Grothe-Hammer , Olivier Berthod , Gordon Müller-Seitz , Jörg Sydow
{"title":"Co-fabricating the permanent to enable temporary organizing: Insights from an ethnography of emergency response operations","authors":"Michael Grothe-Hammer , Olivier Berthod , Gordon Müller-Seitz , Jörg Sydow","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on temporary organizations such as projects acknowledges the interplay between the temporary and the permanent. However, we still lack deeper understanding of the processes responsible for (re)producing and transforming permanent structures for temporary organizing. We present an ethnography of collaborative emergency response operations in a major German city – a setting providing an example of temporary organizing including more permanent structures drawn from intra- and interorganizational processes. Revealing the recursive interplay between the permanent and temporary across multiple levels, we explore practices of temporary organizing in situations that require both routine and highly situated responses. We also show how more permanent structures are co-fabricated in the process of temporary organizing. Furthermore, our study addresses the intricate interplay between organizing for the temporary and the permanent in relation to the tensions associated with the duality of stability and change. Finally, we outline implications for the effectiveness of emergency management and planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 8","pages":"Article 102768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efrosyni Konstantinou , David Carl Wilson , Henk Den Uijl , Ralf Mülle
{"title":"Call for papers: The transformational role of philosophy in project management","authors":"Efrosyni Konstantinou , David Carl Wilson , Henk Den Uijl , Ralf Mülle","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 8","pages":"Article 102785"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narratives and counter-narratives in sustainability transitions: A study on the Port of Rotterdam from a multi-level perspective","authors":"Johan Ninan , Kees Stam , Alfons van Marrewijk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrastructure projects can act as niches for innovation development, contribute to strategic goals of network owners, and drive broader systemic transitions. However, limited research has examined how sustainability transitions are shaped through narratives and counternarratives around infrastructure projects. Using a case study of the port of Rotterdam, we analyze how three embedded projects - Maasvlakte 2, RDM Campus, and the Hydrogen Pipeline - reflected and shaped evolving narratives and counter-narratives over 20-years. Grounded in the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP), the study demonstrates how an infrastructure owner like the Port of Rotterdam Authority (PoRA) strategically mobilized narrative framing to reshape existing regimes over time. The study contributes to the debate on project management and transition studies by highlighting how infrastructure project owners respond to transition-related tensions by shaping, defending, and adapting project narratives over time, thereby influencing sustainability trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 7","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptualizing semi-temporary project networks through actor roles in smart city innovation","authors":"Emilene Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study examines the under-theorized, yet essential roles adopted by actors in fostering urban innovation, with a focus on the organization of project networks in smart cities, and conceptualizes these as semi-temporary project networks, a new form of organizing innovation. Specifically, it addresses two research questions: (1) How do actors adopt or create roles when organizing project networks for smart city innovation? and (2) How do these roles enable and promote innovation in complex, multi-actor environments such as smart cities? Drawing on two case studies of smart city project networks, the study identifies six distinct actor roles that contribute to innovation: i) the orchestrator, ii) facilitator, iii) integrator, iv) co-creator, v) tester, and vi) knowledge developer. By mapping the actors’ roles and linking them to project networks literature, we show empirically that the role of the orchestrator matters in project development, but some supporting roles in the specific innovation tasks become even more relevant than the orchestrator itself. The interplay between temporality at the project level and relative permanence at the relationship level forms the foundation of semi-temporary project networks for sustained innovation and collaboration across projects. This study has implications for project management literature, particularly on managing and organizing projects for societal impact, as well as for practitioners and municipalities interested in knowing which roles lead to effective smart city implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 7","pages":"Article 102763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"There’s people in there! On Daniel Kahneman’s enduring impact","authors":"Harvey Maylor, Alexander Budzier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 7","pages":"Article 102749"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiwen Jiang , Yun Le , Xian Zheng , Jie Cui , Martin Skitmore
{"title":"Confronting information dilemma: How does collective mindfulness foster team improvisation in megaprojects","authors":"Kaiwen Jiang , Yun Le , Xian Zheng , Jie Cui , Martin Skitmore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvisation is increasingly recognized as an effective process to deal with unforeseen uncertainties in megaprojects. However, it is challenging for megaproject teams to enact improvisation that hinges on efficient real-time information processing, facing the harsh information dilemma. From an information processing perspective, this study investigates how two modes of collective mindfulness – mindful attention and mindful conceptualizing – affect team improvisation in megaprojects. Our questionnaire survey on 60 megaproject teams reveals that both mindfulness modes follow an inverted U-shaped relationship with improvisation. The moderating roles of project complexity and ambiguity are examined, showing that these factors flatten the curvilinear effects of mindful attention and conceptualizing on improvisation. Findings also suggest that a project manager’s heightened metacognitive belief in mindfulness shifts and flattens these relationships, allowing for greater team improvisation. Our findings contribute to new antecedents of improvisation and extend mindfulness research in projects, leading to better dealing with unforeseen uncertainties in megaprojects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 7","pages":"Article 102767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiara Ogheri , Tuomas Ahola , Giorgio Locatelli , Matias Ståhle
{"title":"Project determinants of long-term value in the operations","authors":"Chiara Ogheri , Tuomas Ahola , Giorgio Locatelli , Matias Ståhle","doi":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijproman.2025.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing scholarly interest in the long-term impact of projects. In this context, this paper investigates how projects create value during the operations phase, when their outputs have been transferred to end users. We draw on a purposefully selected, in-depth single case study of an urban development project that has been in its operational phase for more than 50 years and has consistently delivered value to end users. Our analysis contrasts the value espoused by the project organisation during the project phase with the value perceived by end users 50 years after project completion. The findings indicate that long-term value creation in the operations phase is facilitated by two key factors: (a) the design, during the project phase, of a permanent organisation operations, and (b) the design of ad hoc processes and structures within this organisation to define and regulate its relationship with end users in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48429,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Project Management","volume":"43 7","pages":"Article 102762"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}