Psychology and Aging最新文献

{"title":"Continuous updating via self-motion compensates for weak allocentric spatial memory in aging.","authors":"Andrea Castegnaro, Alexander Dior, Neil Burgess, John King","doi":"10.1037/pag0000926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Navigational skills are essential for interacting with our environment, supported by multiple types of spatial representations. We investigated age-related differences in spatial memory using a virtual reality task that manipulated viewpoints between the encoding and retrieval of one or four-object locations. The task investigates compensatory mechanisms in aging, specifically how spatial updating via self-motion affects spatial memory. We tested 21 young adults (ages 19-36) and 23 older adults (ages 63-80). The task involved three movement conditions: same-viewpoint condition, where participants walked away and returned to the same viewpoint; shifted-viewpoint (walking) condition where participants walked to a different viewpoint, enabling continuous updates of their egocentric representations through self-motion; and shifted-viewpoint (teleport) condition where participants teleported to the other viewpoint, involving both a virtual translation and rotation of the participant's view. Retrieval was tested by asking participants to place each object at its previously seen location. Average displacement error was affected by age group, object configuration, and movement condition, with an interaction between age and movement condition. Differences in movement conditions were primarily driven by older participants, who were most accurate from the same viewpoint. In shifted-viewpoint conditions, teleportation-where self-motion cues were absent-led to significantly greater errors than walking in the older group. Our results highlight the role of spatial updating in supporting spatial memory and suggest that age-related decline in allocentric representations can be mitigated by continuous updating of egocentric representations by self-motion. We speculate that the use of spatial updating might be impaired early in the progression to Alzheimer's dementia due to entorhinal cortical pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related preservation of statistical learning in distractor suppression.","authors":"Jiayi Yao, Joshua Snell, Jan Theeuwes","doi":"10.1037/pag0000922","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical learning, the ability to extract regularities from the environment, is a fundamental cognitive process that influences many aspects of human cognition. However, it is not yet entirely clear whether-and to what extent-this ability declines with age. While older adults are known to effectively learn environmental regularities to guide their search, it remains unclear whether they can also learn to suppress locations likely to contain a distractor. In the present study, 96 young and 96 older adults (<i>M</i>_ages = 24 vs. 65 years old, respectively) performed an additional singleton task, searching for a shape singleton while a color singleton distractor was present. Crucially, the color distractor appeared more frequently in one specific location than in others. In line with previous research, participants exhibited (a) more effective suppression of distractors appearing at high-probability locations; (b) a clear spatial gradient of suppression, with search efficiency decreasing as the distance from the distractor increased; and (c) hampered target selection when the target appeared at the location that usually contained a distractor. While both young and older adults showed learned suppression primarily in the first block, with the effect persisting throughout the experiment, older adults showed a smaller magnitude of suppression compared to young adults. We conclude that while the ability to learn statistical regularities largely remains intact with age, the behavioral consequences of this learning are reduced with old age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance in the Iowa Gambling Task in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Jeffrey C Zemla, Hasker P Davis","doi":"10.1037/pag0000925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Iowa Gambling Task is a common tool for assessing complex decision making in healthy adults and clinical populations. Previous work has found that performance varies among younger adults, cognitively healthy older adults, and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a syndrome often precedes dementia. However, performance on the task depends on many factors, including risk preference, sensitivity to gains and losses, and memory for past outcomes, which makes it difficult to understand what causes these differences. Here, we fit a computational cognitive model to the data which allows us to attribute differences in behavior to specific cognitive mechanisms. Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 90) compares cognitively healthy older adults to those with MCI, while Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 1,645) compares healthy adults of all ages. We find that healthy older adults and those with MCI exhibit different profiles in the task. Healthy aging is associated with a larger learning rates (we attribute to a recency bias), use of a perseverative strategy, and increased sensitivity to gains over losses. Individuals with MCI learned at a slower rate, but showed no qualitative differences in task strategy. The results have implications for understanding why decision making is impaired in the earliest clinical phases of cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movement evidence for locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system contributions to age differences in attention.","authors":"Andy Jeesu Kim, Kristine Nguyen, Ying Tian, Mara Mather","doi":"10.1037/pag0000930","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroimaging studies have shown that aging alters the brain mechanisms underlying attentional control, even when behavioral performance is equivalent between younger and older adults. Instead of attributing these changes to compensatory mechanisms, we investigated whether age-related neuromodulatory changes in the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system are underlying these effects. To test whether aging leads to LC-NA system hyperactivity, we combined two methodological approaches: an oculomotor visual search task to assess eye movements and the threat of unpredictable electric shock paradigm to induce sustained arousal. Using pupillometry, we found that arousal reduced evoked pupil responses in both age groups, demonstrating the expected pattern of lower phasic noradrenergic activity under arousal. Young adults made significantly more first fixations to the physically salient distractor under threat of shock compared to baseline conditions, unlike in older adults with no effect. This modulation of attentional priority was only observable immediately following shock delivery and dissipated over time. Additionally, we found moderate evidence supporting the null hypothesis that arousal does not modulate the speed of attention processing in either age group. These results suggest that arousal selectively modulates attentional priority maps in the early visual cortex but does not influence broader interactions across higher order attentional networks. While first fixation measures revealed age-related differences consistent with the hypothesis of LC-NA system hyperactivity in aging, pupillometry and processing speed measures showed age-equivalent effects. Together, these findings highlight the potential for age-related changes in the LC-NA system to modulate mechanisms of attentional control and demonstrate the utility of eye movement measures as a promising tool to track changes across the adult lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily associations between stress occurrence and memory lapses across middle and late adulthood: The potential stress-buffering role of positive affect.","authors":"Zeynep N Saruhanlioglu, Yvonne Brehmer, Keri A Pekaar, Dorien Kooij, Jacqueline Mogle, David M Almeida, Patrick Klaiber","doi":"10.1037/pag0000928","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced age has been associated with benefits in stress reactivity. However, previous research has not investigated this advantage for daily memory functioning, which is crucial for the quality of life in adulthood. Considering the possible detrimental effects of stressors on daily memory functioning, this study investigated the relationship between stressor occurrence and memory lapses in middle and late adulthood and whether positive affect acts as a stress buffer. The sample consisted of 1,071 community-dwelling adults aged 43-90 years (<i>M</i> = 62.71, <i>SD</i> = 10.13) from the National Study of Daily Experiences. Participants completed eight consecutive daily telephone interviews assessing stressor occurrence, memory lapses (retrospective and prospective), and positive affect. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to analyze the multilevel data (days nested within people). The findings showed that participants were more likely to report memory lapses on days with a stressor compared to days without a stressor. Positive affect did not buffer this relationship, regardless of the arousal level, although higher overall positive affect was associated with fewer memory lapses. Age did not moderate this relationship. Exploratory analyses suggested that the present effects were mostly driven by retrospective rather than prospective memory lapses. These findings highlight the impact of daily stressors on cognitive functioning and underscore the need to explore modifiable factors to protect against stress-related daily memory lapses throughout adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences in associative inference are larger than differences in direct associative memory.","authors":"Cara I Charles, Caitlin R Bowman","doi":"10.1037/pag0000890","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inferential reasoning is an important cognitive ability that allows us to make connections across past experiences to make decisions in the face of novel information. Making an inference involves the ability to remember separate experiences with overlapping elements (direct memory) and the ability to make connections between those experiences (inference/indirect memory). While older adults are known to have a deficit for direct associative memory, less is known about potential age differences in inference. In the present study, we administered an associative inference task to healthy young (aged 18-30; <i>n</i> = 83) and older adults (aged 60+; <i>n</i> = 80). We tested whether there is an age difference in inference abilities above and beyond age deficits in direct associative memory. Results showed an age-related deficit in inference that was larger than for direct associative memory. This finding is consistent with inferences in both age groups being based largely on overlapping memories encoded individually and recalled simultaneously when inferences were required, with older adults having more difficulty with this process than young adults. We also found that older adults were more likely than young adults to show source confusion after having made a successful inference, which is consistent with older adults tending to integrate across related experiences to a greater degree than young adults. Thus, we find a clear age-related deficit in inference abilities above and beyond direct associative memory, with age-related declines in flexible retrieval only partially offset by age-related increases in integration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"524-536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Effects of one-to-one music therapy in older adults with cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial\" by Mangiacotti et al. (2024).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pag0000918","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports an error in \"Effects of one-to-one music therapy in older adults with cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial\" by Anthony M. A. Mangiacotti, Ming Hung Hsu, Clare Barone, Martine Van Puyvelde, Alessandro Zandonà, Gianfranco Gabai, Michele Biasutti and Fabia Franco (<i>Psychology and Aging</i>, 2024[Dec], Vol 39[8], 960-982; see record 2025-57325-007). In the article, multiple tables and figures have been moved closer to their callouts. Tables 1, 3, 4, and 5 and Figure 1 have each moved one page earlier in the article. Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9 and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 have each moved two pages earlier in the article. The text has shifted accordingly. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2025-57325-007.) This study investigated the effects of music therapy (MT), a nonpharmacological therapy, on cognitive, behavioral, and physiological outcomes in older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive decline residing in care home settings. A randomized controlled trial design was employed, with 42 care home residents (Mage = 86.25 years) randomly assigned to either a one-to-one 16-week MT intervention or an active control group receiving storytelling. Experimental and control activities were matched on key aspects, and groups were equivalent at baseline concerning demographic factors, general health, cognitive-behavioral characteristics, and cognitive reserve levels. Pre/postintervention neuropsychological and behavioral measures were collected, alongside saliva samples for cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio and respiratory sinus arrhythmia analysis as indicators of overall stress and autonomic regulation. The MT group exhibited benefits in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological domains, suggesting potential advantages in maintaining cognitive functioning and reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms. Biomarkers indicated possible mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of MT. The 16 one-to-one interactive MT sessions-delivered over 5 months-had a positive impact on older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive decline living in care home settings. The implications of these findings for healthy aging and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"40 5","pages":"536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline personality features moderate trajectories of health and well-being around retirement.","authors":"Isaiah Spears, Patrick J Cruitt, Sara J Weston, Aaron J Gorelik, Ryan Bogdan, Thomas F Oltmanns, Patrick L Hill","doi":"10.1037/pag0000891","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increasing percentages of the population in retirement, or approaching retirement, it is important to better understand how an individual's health and well-being may change during the retirement transition and for whom this transition may be particularly beneficial or problematic. Toward this end, the present study evaluated borderline personality disorder features as predictors of well-being and health trajectories from pre-to-post retirement, using up to seven waves of longitudinal data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study. Participants were 590 older adults (aged 55-65, <i>M</i> = 60.6 at baseline) who retired over the course of their participation in the study (55% women, 45% men; 65% White/Caucasian, 32% Black/African American). Nonlinear change models were used to assess participants' patterns of life satisfaction, physical functioning, and depressive symptoms throughout the retirement transition. Results showed that older adults with higher borderline personality disorder features tended to report worse well-being and health in general. However, counter to expectations, there was limited evidence suggesting that the retirement transition yielded differential trajectories for health and well-being based on borderline personality disorder features. Notably, there were modest moderation effects observed for depressive symptoms. Key findings are discussed in terms of how the current work contributes to the field's existing understanding of retirement as a significant life transition affecting personal well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"510-523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamified working memory intervention enhances prefrontal neurocognitive plasticity during aging.","authors":"Ping Wang, Zi-Xuan Zhou, Peng Gao, Hai-Yan Hou, Jia-Xin Zhang, Hui-Jie Li, Xi-Nian Zuo","doi":"10.1037/pag0000895","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the critical role of working memory (WM) in age-related cognitive decline, WM interventions are proposed as an effective approach for promoting healthy aging. However, traditional WM interventions often yield limited results, possibly due to a lack of interest and challenge. In light of the recent prominent trend of gamification, this study developed a challenging gamified WM intervention aimed at improving WM and providing extensive cognitive benefits for older adults, along with entertainment. Seventy-six older adults were randomly assigned to either the WM intervention group or the active control group. All participants underwent twelve 1-hr training sessions spanning 6 weeks. For each participant, cognitive assessments were completed at pretest, posttest, and 6 months after the intervention while structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI scans were conducted before and after intervention. The results revealed significant improvements in WM, inhibitory control, visuospatial processing, and episodic memory among older adults following the intervention. The left frontal pole, located in the rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC), exhibited increased cortical thickness accompanied by reduced functional homogeneity and weakened connectivity with the left inferior temporal gyrus. Further statistical learning analysis demonstrated a consistent relationship between the changes at the left frontal pole and improved WM performance, suggesting that the rPFC may support WM and play a protective role in brain aging. The findings highlight the broad benefits of the gamified WM intervention on neurocognitive plasticity in the rPFC of older adults, indicating its potential as a promising tool for mitigating neurocognitive decline during the aging process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"490-509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the return journey: Determinants of route retracing in younger and older adults.","authors":"Denise Head, Hannah Maybrier, Marta Stojanovic, Taylor F Levine, Cheyenne Parson","doi":"10.1037/pag0000886","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Route retracing (i.e., returning to your start location) is critical for successful navigation in everyday life. While age-related impairment in traversing a route from a start location to target destination has been well-established, age differences in the ability to reverse a previously learned path has been less examined. Previous work found that studying a map facilitates better route retracing for older adults than studying a route from an egocentric perspective during initial learning. However, the mechanism for this benefit is unclear. This study examined whether facilitating allocentric representation, egocentric perspective taking, or temporal sequencing would benefit route retracing performance in younger (<i>n</i> = 69; aged 18-36) and older (<i>n</i> = 70; aged 61-85) adults. In addition, the role of individual differences in allocentric representation development, egocentric perspective taking, temporal sequencing, procedural learning, as well as hippocampal and caudate volume in route performance was examined. Older adults benefited from developing an allocentric representation of the environment and simultaneous exposure to landmark temporal order when reversing a route but did not show a benefit from minimizing demands on egocentric perspective taking. Both cognitive map formation and egocentric perspective taking tasks were each more strongly associated with route retracing than route repetition across age groups. Results suggest that older adults may benefit from specific strategies to develop and retain a flexible environmental representation, which would allow for successful route retracing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"537-557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}