Psychology and Aging最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem in women throughout the lifespan.","authors":"Anshu Patel, Rina Horii, Chris G Sibley, Traci Mann","doi":"10.1037/pag0000899","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a society that idealizes or stigmatizes women based on what they look like, body satisfaction may play an important role in how women feel about themselves overall. Although body satisfaction is thought to be relatively stable throughout adulthood, little is known about the relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem across a woman's lifespan. Importantly, the self-concept is dynamic, changing as women grow and amass new responsibilities. Thus, there is reason to believe that body image should be less crucial to self-esteem later in life. In a cross-sectional survey of 806 women (half over age 65) and in secondary analyses of a large (<i>n</i> > 22,000 women) longitudinal data set, we explore this correlation, with an emphasis on including women over age 65, for whom this relationship has not been closely examined. In both studies, we find that the cross-sectional relationship between body satisfaction and self-esteem is weaker in older women than in younger women. Longitudinal analyses also show that the relationship slightly weakens across the 9 years the women were followed, regardless of their age at the start of the study. Survey results suggest this may be due to body image becoming less important to women as they age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"628-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little to no evidence for historical improvements in verbal learning among older adults.","authors":"Denis Gerstorf, Stephen Aichele, Ulman Lindenberger, Patrick Rabbitt, Paolo Ghisletta","doi":"10.1037/pag0000904","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>History-graded increases in older adults' levels of cognitive performance across a number of different ability domains are well documented. Less is known, however, about whether such historical advances generalize to measures of verbal learning and whether rates of within-person change therein have also historically shifted. To examine these questions, we used up to 17+-years within-person longitudinal change data obtained in the Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition (MLSC). We matched cohorts and weighted analyses by age, number of measurement occasions, and education and compared up to four-wave longitudinal data from 1,279 participants born earlier in historical time (1903-1919, 2,668 observations) versus 1,049 participants born later (1920-1935, 2,239 observations). We applied growth models that orthogonalized between-person age and within-person aging effects, controlled for retest effects, and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We found little to no evidence for historical improvements in verbal learning among older adults. It was only at the zero-order level when participants were in their 60s that later-born cohorts outperformed their matched earlier-born peers. We also found no evidence of historical improvements in the rate of within-person aging-related decline in verbal learning. If anything, the later-born cohort appeared to experience somewhat steeper declines, particularly at older ages. After statistically controlling for sex, occupational status, and city of residence, the only remaining cohort difference was the steeper quadratic (accelerated) rate of decline observed in the later-born cohort. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"669-684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional age differences in fading affect bias: A latent change score model approach.","authors":"Sophie Hoehne, Daniel Zimprich","doi":"10.1037/pag0000900","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fading affect bias (FAB) names the phenomenon that the affect intensity of negative autobiographical memories (AMs) fades more rapidly and to a greater extent from event occurrence to recall than the affect intensity of positive AMs. The goal of the present study was to examine whether and how the magnitude of the FAB varies with participant age, and whether these potential age effects could be explained by differences in the time elapsed since the events or their initial affect intensity. Analyses were based on 2,062 adults (aged 18-96 years; 60.67% women; 75.46% with a university entrance diploma; 95.68% with German as their mother tongue), who reported AMs of three positive and three negative events in a free recall procedure. Participants rated the affect intensity of each AM retrospectively from the perspective of event occurrence and from the momentary perspective of event recall. Latent change score models were used to operationalize and predict latent changes in AMs' positive and negative affect intensity as well as a latent overall FAB score. The magnitude of the FAB showed a U-shaped function across age, with a low point at age 40 and a maximum at the oldest age of the sample. After including the time since event and initial affect intensity, the FAB increased even more at older ages. The present findings, which extend previous research on age differences in the FAB, largely support predictions derived from the socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"594-609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expertise supports memory for arbitrary relations in aging.","authors":"Erik A Wing, Asaf Gilboa, Jennifer D Ryan","doi":"10.1037/pag0000894","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accessing knowledge acquired across the lifespan differs from our ability to recall recent episodes or experiences, although the two processes are highly interrelated. Whereas episodic memory function typically declines with normal aging, semantic memory, including language and factual knowledge, are more robust to age-related decline. The structure and stability of acquired knowledge make it a potential asset in helping remember new information, even when it is completely unrelated. In the present study, we examined whether specialized knowledge about birds may help bird experts retain arbitrary episodic associations between (faces) paired with domain-relevant information (bird images) versus domain-irrelevant information (car images). After studying bird-face or car-face pairs, participants decided whether test pairs were either intact or recombined. Experts showed a large memory advantage for pairs in which faces had previously been paired with a bird versus a car, but no difference was found in novices. Although broad age-related declines in memory persisted, this benefit of prior knowledge was prevalent across the age range, such that relational memory performance in 75-year-old experts was roughly equivalent to corresponding performance in 20-year-old novices. These results show how expertise can offset age-related memory decline by allowing experts of all ages to efficiently link novel information to structured knowledge that has been accumulated across the lifetime. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"701-709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting paths to longevity: How personal and generalized views on aging differentially predict mortality.","authors":"M Clara P de Paula Couto, David Weiss, Maxi Casper, Klaus Rothermund","doi":"10.1037/pag0000902","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Views on aging (VoA) have consequences for development across the lifespan affecting the aging process of individuals in important ways. Previous research has shown that how individuals perceive their <i>own</i> aging (i.e., personal VoA) predict how many years they live, with more positive self-views being associated with decreased risk of mortality. While views of older adults <i>in general</i> (i.e., generalized VoA), or age stereotypes, have been shown to predict worse physical, mental, and cognitive health, whether and how they are associated with mortality remains unclear. In this study, we thus aimed to use a multidimensional approach to examine the impact of both personal and generalized VoA on mortality risk. Data were drawn from the Ageing as Future longitudinal study and included participants who took part in the baseline assessment in 2009 (<i>N</i> = 768, 49.5% female, <i>M</i>_age = 55.17, age range = 30-80 years). Information on mortality was obtained 15 years later, in 2024. Replicating and extending previous findings, a survival analysis indicated that individuals with <i>more positive</i> future views of their own aging had a <i>lower</i> risk of mortality. However, when examining generalized VoA, a different pattern emerged. After accounting for the influence of internalization effects (captured by personal VoA), individuals with <i>more negative</i> views of older adults in general were found to have a <i>lower</i> risk of mortality. Both effects remained significant even after controlling for participants' age, gender, household income, education, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. The findings suggest that both personal and generalized VoA influence how long individuals live, although in opposing directions. We discuss these findings in terms of internalization and dissociation of VoA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"583-593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting cognitive control to local-global implicit temporal predictability: A lifespan investigation from 5 to 88 years old.","authors":"Giovanni Mento, Irene Bariletti, Lisa Toffoli, Umberto Granziol, Erika Borella, Fiorella Del Popolo Cristaldi","doi":"10.1037/pag0000905","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive cognitive control (ACC) involves behavioral adjustments to environmental changes and can be instantiated by implicit knowledge, including temporal predictability of task-relevant events. For example, our past driving experiences might inform us that yellow traffic signals generally last between 3 and 6 s. This information, gathered from a long-term history of similar situations, implicitly allows us to anticipate and decide whether to accelerate or brake based on the current context. Adaptability occurs by extracting local or global statistical contingencies in events' temporal structure, leading to faster responses for longer S1-S2 stimulus delays, known as the foreperiod effect, and longer reaction times in long- compared to short-biased contexts, respectively. This study aimed to examine age changes in local- and global-based ACC across the lifespan from 5 to 88 years of age (<i>N</i> = 608, 223 males, age: <i>M</i> = 34.8, <i>SD</i> = 22.1). The Dynamic Temporal Prediction task was used to assess behavioral adaptation to local/global temporal regularities manipulating list-wide the short-long percentage of S2 preparatory intervals. The results suggest distinct developmental trajectories for local- and global-based ACC. Both establish early (at 5-6 years) and progressively improve until adulthood (30-39 years). However, their efficiency declines with age, starting at different decades: from 40 years onward for local-based ACC and from 60 years onward for global-based ACC. These results support the idea that ACC relies on lower level abilities (e.g., associative learning), but it can be implicitly shaped by both local and global temporal prediction through domain-general processes implying inhibitory control and flexibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"643-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisensory Stroop effects in emotional speech perception: Age-related changes and cognitive links.","authors":"Yi Lin","doi":"10.1037/pag0000933","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have produced inconsistent findings regarding whether age-related declines in emotion perception affect various verbal and nonverbal channels to the same extent and whether they are linked to cognitive ability. This study systematically explored age-related differences in multisensory emotional speech perception and their associations with overall cognitive functioning. Thirty-three older adults (22 females) and 32 young adults (22 females) completed two Stroop-like tests examining the perceptual salience of verbal semantics, vocal prosody, and facial expressions. The cross-channel auditory Stroop-like test contrasted semantics with prosody, while the cross-modal Stroop-like test further incorporated visual facial expressions to examine the salience patterns among all three channels. Participants selectively attended to emotional information from one sensory channel while ignoring congruent or incongruent cues from others. Overall, older adults demonstrated reduced ability in multisensory emotional speech perception with greater preferences for congruent information across channels compared to young adults. In addition, they displayed perceptual salience of semantics over prosody, whereas young adults leaned toward prosody in both Stroop-like tests. Despite these age-related shifts in channel salience for the two auditory channels, both groups prioritized visual facial expressions over prosodic and semantic cues during audiovisual processing. These salience patterns were particularly pronounced under incongruent conditions, which had significant associations with overall cognitive capacities of the older adults. Together, these findings delineate how individual differences in age and cognition shape Stroop effects in multisensory emotional speech perception, with complex interplay between channel asymmetry and information congruity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are work characteristics related to personality development during the retirement transition?","authors":"Lena Schimanski, Johanna Hartung, Gizem Hülür","doi":"10.1037/pag0000937","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work is one major developmental context in adulthood, as most adults spend considerable time at work. Retirement causes extensive changes in social contexts, daily routines, and individuals' identity. Little is known about how work characteristics are associated with personality trajectories, especially during the retirement transition. In the present study, we examined associations between changes in Big Five personality traits during the retirement transition and work environment characteristics (autonomy, skill discretion, and demands) as well as work effort. Based on three-wave longitudinal data from the Midlife in the United States study, we identified <i>n</i> = 286 adults (50-77 years, <i>M</i> = 57.83, <i>SD</i> = 5.00; 51% women), who retired during the study period, and a control group who did not retire (<i>n</i> = 260, 50-71 years, <i>M</i> = 54.28, <i>SD</i> = 3.82; 54% women). We analyzed data using latent change score models. The measurement model for conscientiousness was not time-invariant, therefore mean differences could not be analyzed. Significant mean-level decreases were found for neuroticism in both groups and for openness in retirees. There were only few significant associations between preretirement work characteristics and personality change: In retirees, higher preretirement skill discretion was associated with greater neuroticism decline and higher autonomy with less openness decline. In nonretirees, higher autonomy was associated with greater decline in extraversion. These findings suggest that work characteristics are not a major influence on personality trait changes during the retirement transition. Possible explanations and research desiderata concerning personality development in the context of retirement are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age differences in spatial navigation stem from a preference for familiar routes rather than impaired landmark-dependent strategies.","authors":"Paul F Hill, Skyelynn Bermudez, Joshua D Garren, Andrew S McAvan, Jingyi Zheng, Carol A Barnes, Arne D Ekstrom","doi":"10.1037/pag0000927","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A leading hypothesis in the field of aging and navigation is that older adults are selectively impaired on tasks that require allocentric (landmark-based) strategies to navigate, resulting in a shift toward more egocentric (self-based) strategies. However, most evidence in humans comes from studies that restrict body-based sensorimotor cues that are essential to both egocentric and allocentric navigation. In the present study, young and older adults navigated a virtual environment in each of two conditions: a stationary desktop condition that relied on visual input and an immersive condition that enabled unrestricted ambulation and sensorimotor feedback during navigation. Both age groups performed worse when initially learning locations from novel compared with familiar locations-often considered a hallmark of allocentric navigation. The cost of switching from familiar to novel start locations was equal between age groups, pointing to a null effect of age on allocentric strategies. Older adults also employed distal landmarks to a comparable extent to young adults, suggesting that landmark-dependent strategies did not differ by age. However, older adults were more likely to replicate previously taken paths, potentially indicative of a preference for egocentric strategies. The path replication effect was significantly attenuated in the immersive condition, particularly in the presence of geometric boundary cues that could be used to infer distance. Age differences in spatial navigation may therefore be driven in part by a selective bias for navigating familiar routes, although these differences were lessened in the presence of multimodal visual and sensorimotor cues. The present study highlights that navigation is a complex cognitive construct that draws on multiple parallel systems and strategies that cannot be easily explained by a simple allocentric-egocentric dichotomy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The construct validity of daily cognitive variability.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1037/pag0000932","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognition is a dynamic process and is subject to substantial variation across short and long timescales. It is becoming common to assess cognition repeatedly over short intervals to determine the correlates and consequences of such \"cognitive variability.\" A high-frequency cognitive assessment approach is also an ideal method for measuring how cognition operates in daily life. Nevertheless, several fundamental questions regarding the nature of cognitive variability remain unanswered. We utilize data from the COGITO study, which administered nine separate cognitive tests to more than 200 participants for 100 days to answer the following questions: Do different tasks exhibit similarly reliable levels of variability, and does variability cluster into distinct cognitive domains? This rich data set was analyzed using Bayesian mixed-effects location scale models which simultaneously estimate individual means and variability. All nine tasks exhibited significant variability across the 100 days of testing. Tasks within the domains of episodic memory or processing speed were moderately correlated with each other suggesting some degree of domain specificity. Working memory tasks, on the other hand, did not correlate well with each other suggesting variability in these tasks is dominated by momentary or task-specific influences. These findings not only advance our theoretical understanding of what cognitive variability is but also provide insight into which cognitive tests are most suitable for high-frequency administration and thus may be most amenable to use for studying aging and cognitive processes as they occur in daily life. Appropriate limits on the generalizability of our results are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}