Journal of Personality最新文献

{"title":"Age Patterns in Dual-Cycle Identity Processes and Their Associations With Life Satisfaction.","authors":"Joshua A Weller, Elisabeth L de Moor, Theo A Klimstra","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identity development research often applies the identity status approach, which distinguishes different dimensions of identity-relevant commitment levels and exploration behavior. However, age differences in these dimensions have mostly been examined in adolescence and young adulthood, leaving questions about their variation across the adult lifespan. Additionally, associations between identity and life satisfaction have been equally understudied in adult populations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined these questions in a large, nationally representative U.K. sample (N = 3869; age range 18-97). Identity processes were measured using an abbreviated Dimensions of Identity Development Scale. After invariance testing by age groups, we examined age differences across identity dimensions: Commitment and Exploration (depth, breadth, ruminative).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older individuals reported lower scores on all exploration dimensions until late adulthood. However, though no age differences in commitment were observed between early and middle adulthood, less commitment was reported from middle to late adulthood. Additionally, commitment and exploration in depth were consistently positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas ruminative exploration negatively predicted life satisfaction, with stronger associations appearing in later adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying identity across adulthood from a measurement perspective and highlight how identity dimensions relate to well-being at different ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Agency and Communion as Predictors of Trait and State Self-Esteem Dynamics.","authors":"Guðrún R Guðmundsdóttir,Elisabeth L de Moor,Anne K Reitz","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70000","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONSelf-esteem has important implications for life outcomes, yet little is known about its antecedents at both the trait and state levels. We examined agency and communion-coded from personal narratives about a past turning-point event-as predictors of trait self-esteem levels, long-term trait changes, and short-term fluctuations (instability) in state self-esteem.METHODSWe used data from a 5-wave intensive longitudinal study of Dutch master's students (N = 281, Mage = 24.5, 75% females) over a 2-year period, tracking their university-to-work transition. Participants completed a questionnaire and 14-day experience sampling assessments at each wave. Mixed-effects location scale models were used.RESULTSAgency and communion were positively associated with self-esteem at the beginning of the transition. While communion did not predict instability in state self-esteem, we found some evidence for agency negatively predicting self-esteem instability across days but not across moments. Results neither revealed differences in trait changes as a function of agency or communion nor significant heterogeneity in change trajectories overall. Agency appeared more frequently in students' narratives compared to communion.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that agentic but not communal narratives negatively predict daily self-esteem instability during the work transition but provide limited insight into momentary self-esteem instability and trait changes.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Multimethod Latent State–Trait Models for Random and Fixed Situations Accessible: A Tutorial","authors":"Dora L. Tinhof,&nbsp;Axel Mayer","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.13031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As more researchers employ longitudinal research designs, which integrate multiple methods and multiple (fixed) situations, the need for appropriate analytical methods arises.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multimethod latent state–trait models for random and fixed situations (MM-LST-RF; Hintz et al. 2019) provide a means with which person characteristics, (fixed) situation, and method effects, as well as their interactions can be studied. While these models are very versatile, their complexity poses a significant hurdle to their implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This tutorial helps facilitate the application of MM-LST-RF models. First, we present two simpler methodological approaches in which the full MM-LST-RF model is broken down into its (a) multimethod and (b) random and fixed situation components. Key parameters and model coefficients are highlighted using a motivational example. Second, we present a user-friendly shiny app based on a newly developed R function. Users are walked through the process of specifying, estimating, and interpreting an MM-LST-RF model guided by detailed explanations of all specification options and practical use recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shiny app facilitates the analysis of data from longitudinal study designs implementing multiple methods and (fixed) situations, helping researchers gain a deeper understanding of psychological constructs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"93 5","pages":"1018-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.13031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Locus of Control and Big Five Personality Traits Account for Individual Differences in Social Influence on Agency Judgments?","authors":"Mark Wulff Carstensen, Pierre Jacquet, David Cohen, Marlène Jan, Mario Speranza, Axel Baptista, Valerian Chambon","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The sense of agency might be jointly affected by situational and interindividual factors. In this study, we examined whether personality traits and control beliefs can explain individual differences in both (1) sense of agency and (2) susceptibility of agency judgments to social influence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To do so, we used measures of the Big Five Personality Traits and Levenson's Locus of Control in combination with a task based on an interactive computer game, which we submitted to a large cohort of online participants (N = 562). We manipulated sensorimotor agency cues related to action control as well as social information communicated to participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that while locus of control beliefs are related to differences in sense of agency, neither Big Five personality traits nor locus of control beliefs can account for differences in susceptibility to social influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Locus of control and Big Five personality traits can account for some differences in sense of agency, but not for differences in belief alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authoritarianism and Threat in 59 Nations.","authors":"Lucian Gideon Conway","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13026","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEMost prominent theories of authoritarianism maintain that it is deeply tied to threat, and yet few large-scale cross-cultural tests have evaluated this link. Furthermore, there are ongoing debates about (a) the degree that realistic (versus symbolic) threats predict authoritarianism and (b) the degree that the threat-authoritarianism link occurs across the political spectrum.METHODTo fill in these gaps, the present study evaluated the threat-authoritarianism link in 84,677 persons from 59 nations while measuring multiple different types of realistic threat, employing a relatively ideologically unbiased authoritarianism measurement (autocracy support), and measuring ideological controls/moderators.RESULTSMultilevel models revealed that realistic threat predicted autocracy support in both WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries around the world, although the effect was significantly stronger in WEIRD nations. Furthermore, threat predicted autocracy support for both left- and right-wing persons, although the effect was significantly stronger for right-wing persons.CONCLUSIONSThese results provide the largest multinational test to date on the threat-authoritarianism link and offer numerous advances over prior research on the topic. Not only do they contribute large-scale evidence for a key assumption of most authoritarianism theories in an era where many theories and findings are being reevaluated, but they also provide theoretical advances in our understanding of the specific nature of the threat-authoritarianism link.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Father Trait Anger and Exposure to Infant Cry: Effects on Emotion, Appraisals of Infants, and Cognitive Performance","authors":"Lauren M. Francis, Bridgette E. Speranza, Liam G. Graeme, Ashlee Curtis, Peter G. Enticott, Jacqui A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13029","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTrait anger can impact emotional states, appraisals of others, and cognition. The study aim was to assess in fathers whether these associations are exacerbated by infant crying.MethodThree hundred sixty‐eight fathers were randomly assigned to infant cry, infant babble, or a non‐infant‐related control while completing assessments of cognitive scope, impulse control, or mentalizing. Trait anger (pre‐exposure), emotional state (pre‐ and post‐exposure), and appraisals of the infant (post‐exposure) were assessed.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that trait anger was associated with increased angry emotional state post‐exposure, including feeling like yelling at someone, feeling like hitting someone, and with negative appraisals of infant temperament. Fathers exposed to cry were more likely to feel angry and like yelling at someone post‐exposure than fathers exposed to babble or pink noise, and appraised the infant more negatively and as having less positive intent than fathers exposed to babble. Neither trait anger nor sound condition were associated with cognitive scope, impulse control, or mentalizing performance. No significant interaction effects between trait anger and infant cry condition were found on any of the dependent variables.ConclusionsFathers may benefit from support to modulate their responses to infant cry. Fathers with higher trait anger may benefit from intervention to manage responses to both positive and negative infant expressions.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationships Between Basic Emotions and the Big Five Personality Traits and Their Sub-Traits.","authors":"Ryan Donovan,Aoife Johnson,Aine de Roiste,Ruairi O'Reilly","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13027","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONMost research investigating relationships between the Big Five and emotional states has focused on how emotional attributes relate to Extraversion and Neuroticism. However, the potential for discrete emotional states to enable a richer understanding of the emotive nature of all Big Five traits and their subtraits has been neglected.METHODSParticipants (N = 203) completed the Big Five Aspects Scale, watched six emotionally stimulating video clips, and self-reported their experience of basic emotions before (Baseline) and after (Reaction) each video. Spearman correlations identified state-trait relationships, followed by regression analyses to assess the unique contribution of each trait to emotional experiences.RESULTSConscientiousness negatively correlated with Baseline Sadness, while Agreeableness positively correlated with Reaction Disgust, Fear, and Sadness. Extraversion predicted higher Joy, and Neuroticism was linked to greater Fear and Sadness.CONCLUSIONFindings reinforce Extraversion and Neuroticism's links to positive and negative emotionality, respectively, while also showing that Agreeableness predicts heightened sensitivity to negative affect. Conscientiousness, particularly Orderliness, appears protective against Baseline Sadness, and Openness to Experience, especially Intellect, is linked to lower sensitivity to Surprise. Potential mechanisms underlying these relationships are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Childhood Shapes Adolescents' Belief in Justice: A Longitudinal Study Examining the Link Between Childhood Stressful Environment and Belief in a Just World.","authors":"Yuqing Jin, Ying Yang","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Belief in a just world refers to a personal belief regarding justice and serves adaptive functions in adolescent development. Previous research has mainly focused on the outcome variables of belief in a just world, such as psychological and behavioral responses related to injustice, while the predictors and mechanisms underlying its longitudinal development remain underexplored. Based on cognitive schema theory, justice capital theory, and life history theory, this study aimed to investigate the predictive role of childhood stressful environments-specifically, childhood harshness and unpredictability-and the mediating effect of discrimination perception on belief in a just world.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A three-wave longitudinal study was conducted with 515 high school students in southeast China (M_{age at Time 1} = 17.20, SD_age = 0.46; 45.54% women).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the childhood harshness negatively predicted belief in a just world, whereas childhood unpredictability was not significantly associated with it. Additionally, personal discrimination perception, rather than group discrimination perception, mediated the longitudinal relationship between childhood harshness and belief in a just world.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers a perspective focusing on individuals' former experiences for future research on the predictors of belief in a just world, highlighting how childhood adversity can shape perceptions of injustice during adolescence and jointly influence belief in a just world.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of Analytic Thinkers","authors":"Annika M. Svedholm‐Häkkinen","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13025","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveAnalytic thinking dispositions are trait‐like individual differences in epistemic values and attitudes toward putting effort into thinking. Much‐studied dispositions include actively open‐minded thinking (AOT), the need for cognition (NFC), and cognitive reflection (CRT). However, it is unclear how different analytic thinking dispositions relate to each other.MethodThree studies (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 339, <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 400, and <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 2484) used latent profile analysis to explore the combinations in which these dispositions occur.ResultsThree qualitatively different types of “highly analytic thinkers” and two types of non‐analytic thinkers emerged. Overall Analytic thinkers scored high on all three dispositions, while Open thinkers scored high on AOT and NFC but not CRT, and Reflective thinkers had the opposite pattern. The profiles differed in societally meaningful outcomes such as misinformation susceptibility and conspiracy mentality. While the Overall Analytic and Open profiles had rational thinking outcomes conventionally expected of analytic thinkers, the Reflective thinkers did not.ConclusionsAnalytic thinking dispositions are a profile construct, whose different components should be assessed separately. The somewhat common practice of pooling AOT and NFC into composite variables with CRT is not warranted, because it risks mislabeling participants and conflating research findings.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perils of Partialing: Can Scholars Predict Residualized Variables' Nomological Nets?","authors":"Leigha Rose, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13024","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivePartialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of this study is to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately when provided with information on the zero‐order relations between the variables and with general personality traits.MethodsVariables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety, depression, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder) will be used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis‐à‐vis basic trait profiles. Experts' estimates will be compared to obtained partialed trait profiles via macro (overall profile similarity) and more micro (individual trait comparisons) approaches.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}