Jiyeon Seo,Roshni Dwivedi,Kim Ngan Hoang,Alessandro Selvitella,Esther Fujiwara
{"title":"Attentional Dynamics During Emotional Face Processing Differentiate Alexithymia From Mood and Affective Symptoms.","authors":"Jiyeon Seo,Roshni Dwivedi,Kim Ngan Hoang,Alessandro Selvitella,Esther Fujiwara","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70027","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONAlexithymia refers to difficulties in experiencing and expressing emotions, differentiating them from bodily sensations, restricted imagination, and externally oriented thinking. Mood and affective symptoms are often confounded with alexithymia due to the typical assessment through self-report. Performance measures may allow a more objective assessment of alexithymia. The goal of this study was to identify unique or shared performance-based features during emotional face processing.METHODSA total of 171 students provided data on alexithymia (BVAQ) and mood/affective symptoms (DASS-21), along with performance and eye movements during an emotional face processing task. LASSO regressions isolated features associated with alexithymia or mood/affective symptoms.RESULTSCognitive alexithymia in the BVAQ was linked to delayed attentional disengagement from facial eye regions, increased face fixations/visual search, and accurate but slower responses. Mood/affective symptoms showed a pervasive link to faster but less accurate responses, accompanied by decreased facial fixations and visual search.CONCLUSIONPerformance-based attentional dynamics during emotional face processing clearly distinguished (cognitive) alexithymia from mood and may aid in a multi-method assessment of alexithymia. Metrics such as these may better reflect behavioral dispositions and can be used as possible transdiagnostic markers of psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henry R Cowan,Aidan G C Wright,Sarah L Pedersen,Dahlia Mukherjee,Sophie Lazarus,Jay C Fournier
{"title":"Neuroticism, Internalizing Psychopathology, and Affective Reactions to Thought Content in Daily Life.","authors":"Henry R Cowan,Aidan G C Wright,Sarah L Pedersen,Dahlia Mukherjee,Sophie Lazarus,Jay C Fournier","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70026","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONThis study examined affective reactions to thought content (TC) in daily life and the influence of neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.METHODSCommunity young adults (N = 119; n = 80 with elevated depression/anxiety) completed assessments of neuroticism, internalizing symptoms, and daily diary measures of TC and positive/negative affect for seven consecutive days (N = 758 observations). Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) examined the structure of TC. Multilevel models examined TC-affect relationships and moderation by neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.RESULTSMCFA found two TC factors: internal-past (problems, emotions, the past) and external-present (external events, others, the present). Internal-past TC uniquely related to lower positive and higher negative affect within and between persons. External-present TC uniquely related to higher positive affect within and between persons. Neuroticism and internalizing related to higher negative and lower positive affect, but neither variable significantly moderated TC-affect relationships. Neuroticism had incremental effects over and above internalizing. At the facet level, self-consciousness uniquely predicted lower positive affect, and angry hostility uniquely predicted higher negative affect.DISCUSSIONTC meaningfully relates to emotion in daily life. Neuroticism and internalizing predicted overall experience of positive/negative emotion, not affective reactions to specific TC. Within-persons, neuroticism and internalizing were differentiated by the incremental effect of neuroticism and the specific effects of neuroticism facets. Theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Agreeableness on Responsiveness: Effort Versus Skill.","authors":"Jenna L Kilian,Judith Gere,Jessica LaBuda","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70024","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThe trait agreeableness is associated with relationship outcomes and relationship maintenance behaviors, but the processes by which this influence occurs are not fully understood. We examine whether agreeableness is associated with an important relationship process, responsiveness, and whether agreeableness is associated with effort and social skills to be responsive to one's romantic partner.METHODSWe tested our predictions in two dyadic studies of cohabitating couples (N = 176 and N = 228) with overall reports of responsiveness and daily responsiveness.RESULTSMultilevel models showed that agreeableness was associated with people's overall and daily effort to be responsive, and responsiveness was associated with partner perceptions of responsiveness. However, agreeableness was unrelated to the correspondence between self and partner reports of one's overall and daily responsiveness, indicating that when people try to be responsive, their partners recognize their responsiveness to the same degree regardless of their agreeableness.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, agreeableness is related to efforts to be responsive, but attempts to be responsive are recognized as such by the partner, irrespective of agreeableness.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Besta,Aleksandra Cupta,Jadwiga Cichoń,Patrycja Szuca,Anna N Gajda,Michał Jaśkiewicz
{"title":"When Need Fulfillment Motivates: The Role of Significance Gain and Self-Expansion in Collective Mobilization.","authors":"Tomasz Besta,Aleksandra Cupta,Jadwiga Cichoń,Patrycja Szuca,Anna N Gajda,Michał Jaśkiewicz","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70025","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis research examined whether positive in-group experiences-specifically those fulfilling the need for significance and the need for self-expansion-predict intentions to engage in collective action. We also investigated whether these associations are stronger than those linked to negative emotions (e.g., significance loss), and whether they remain robust when controlling for known predictors of collective action.METHODData were collected across three correlational studies (total N > 950) conducted in Poland and the United States. The studies used diverse sampling strategies, including a field study, an online survey, and a representative U.S.SAMPLEParticipants reported on their motivations and intentions to support various causes, including LGBTQ+ rights and political campaigns.RESULTSAcross all studies, significance gain and self-expansion were consistent positive predictors of normative, pro-ingroup collective action. These factors generally showed stronger associations with collective action intentions than negative emotions, including significance loss. The predictive effects of these needs remained significant even when controlling for prior engagement, political orientation, group identification, perceived group efficacy, and anger at injustice.CONCLUSIONSFulfillment of psychological needs for significance and self-expansion plays a robust and independent role in motivating collective action, beyond the influence of commonly studied negative emotional drivers.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disentangling Counter-Empathy: Developing a Three-Dimensional Model and Measure of Dispositional Counter-Empathy.","authors":"Jake R Siamro, Christian H Jordan","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Counter-empathy involves responding to others' assumed emotions incongruently. Research on dispositional counter-empathy predominantly focuses on specific counter-empathic constructs without clearly mapping its cardinal dimensions. We develop and test a Three-Dimensional Model of Counter-Empathy (3DCE) that includes schadenfreude, gluckschmerz, and affective sadism.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Across five studies (total N = 1878), we test the 3DCE and develop the Various Indices of Counter-Empathy (VICE). Study 1a and Study 1b administered items representing the 3DCE to develop the VICE. Study 2 administered the VICE, measures of counter-empathic constructs, empathy, everyday sadism, and socially aversive outcomes. Study 3a and Study 3b administered vignettes of others' good fortunes and misfortunes, and depictions of general and social harms, and participants reported their reactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3DCE and validity of the VICE are supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; a \"bass-ackward\" factor analysis mapping the hierarchical structure of counter-empathy; incremental analyses predicting socially aversive outcomes beyond empathy; correlations with relevant constructs; and predicting counter-empathic reactions to specific scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 3DCE and VICE can help situate prior research in the broader structure of counter-empathy, help expand the study of vicarious emotion beyond empathy, and suggest counter-empathy contributes to socially aversive outcomes beyond a lack of empathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Affect to Values: A Lexical Approach.","authors":"Xi Chen,Shengquan Ye","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70022","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONPersonal values act as guiding principles in life and are thought to be connected to affective experiences; however, past research has primarily examined the direction from values to affect rather than the reverse. This study identified theoretical frameworks suggesting a causal pathway from affect to values and tested this pathway using a lexical approach.METHODSStudy 1 (N = 230) developed and validated a Chinese Personal Values Dictionary (CPVD) to assess personal values in Chinese texts, revealing meaningful correlations between self-report values and those identified through the CPVD. Using the CPVD, Study 1 also investigated the relationship between past affect and values with cross-sectional data (N = 230), while Study 2 analyzed real-time panel data from social media (N = 14,020) during the COVID-19 pandemic.RESULTSResults indicated that individuals with positive affect tended to prioritize anxiety-free values (openness to change and self-transcendence), suggesting that positive affect fosters a commitment to the greater good, independence, novelty, and personal growth. In contrast, anxiety-related values (conservation and self-enhancement) displayed a more intricate relationship with affective experiences, indicating that the mechanisms underlying value development extend beyond mere anxiety-related factors.CONCLUSIONThis research offers valuable insights into how affective experiences contribute to value development through a lexical approach.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İlayda Özoruç,Jeroen Vermunt,Katya Ivanova,Manon van Scheppingen
{"title":"Big Five Personality Traits and Trajectories of Fertility Expectations Across the Reproductive Age Period.","authors":"İlayda Özoruç,Jeroen Vermunt,Katya Ivanova,Manon van Scheppingen","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70021","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEIn recent decades, increased freedom of choice and advancements in fertility regulation have allowed individuals to follow different fertility paths. This greater autonomy provides room for personality traits to shape long-term fertility expectations, which in turn can be predictive of fertility outcomes. The present study investigates how Big Five personality traits are related to fertility expectations trajectories and outcomes.METHODWe used a representative Dutch sample who was non-parents at the start of the study (N = 5231). We explored the development of fertility expectations (i.e., Do you think you will have children in the future?) across ages 18-49. We conducted joint latent class analyses.RESULTSHaving a stable expectation to become a parent was the largest class. However, the majority deviated from this trajectory. The identified classes varied in their probability of becoming a parent or not. Men and women who had stable parenthood expectations scored higher on agreeableness and extraversion. Additionally, men scored higher on conscientiousness and openness, and lower on neuroticism compared to some of the other classes.CONCLUSIONSPeople show substantial variation in their fertility expectation trajectories across reproductive age. Especially in men, Big Five personality traits are related to fertility expectations trajectories.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascale J. Lacroix, Raman Sangha, Kristie L. Poole, Louis A. Schmidt, Raha Hassan
{"title":"What Do We Think of Shy Adults? Influence of One's Own Shyness and Sociability","authors":"Pascale J. Lacroix, Raman Sangha, Kristie L. Poole, Louis A. Schmidt, Raha Hassan","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70020","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveShyness is a ubiquitous personality characteristic present across historical time and cultures. Yet, little is known about perceptions of shy adults in Western society. We examined emerging adults' perceptions of shy and sociable women and whether one's own personality influenced their perceptions.MethodParticipants (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 301, <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 19.07 years) were randomized to read a vignette describing either a prototypical shy woman or a prototypical sociable woman and rated their perceptions of the woman in the vignette on various qualities. Participants' shyness and sociability were self‐reported.ResultsRegardless of the participants' own personality, the sociable woman was rated as ruder and as having a greater number of friends than the shy woman. There were no differences in perceptions of the woman's kindness or success at school, but shy individuals perceived the sociable woman as less successful at work. A similarity effect was found such that one's own shyness was positively associated with a preference for befriending the shy woman, and one's own sociability was positively associated with a preference for befriending the sociable woman.ConclusionsResults are discussed in the context of potential implications of personality perceptions and the role of individual differences in these perceptions.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Marengo, Christian Montag, Michele Settanni
{"title":"Inferring Personality From Social Media Activity Using Large Language Models: Cross‐Model Agreement, Temporal Stability, and Convergent Validity With Self‐Reports","authors":"Davide Marengo, Christian Montag, Michele Settanni","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70019","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionLarge language models (LLMs) offer a promising approach to infer personality traits unobtrusively from digital footprints. However, the reliability and validity of these inferences remain underexplored.MethodGemini 1.5 Pro and GPT‐4o were used to infer Big Five traits from 2 years of Facebook posts by 1214 Italian users. Predictions were compared to self‐reports on the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory.ResultsLLM predictions underestimated Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, overestimated Extraversion, while Neuroticism and Openness closely aligned with self‐report means. On repeated prompting, Gemini 1.5 Pro inferences showed less variability than GPT‐4o, with both models achieving excellent reliability when aggregating inferences. Temporal stability was highest when combining predictions across LLMs, with test–retest correlations over 2 years ranging from 0.44 for Conscientiousness to 0.60 for Openness. Cross‐LLM agreement was highest when combining inferences from multiple time points, with correlations ranging from 0.58 for Neuroticism to 0.83 for Extraversion. Correlations with self‐reports were modest, reaching 0.27 for Extraversion, 0.24 for Agreeableness, 0.23 for Conscientiousness, 0.18 for Neuroticism, and 0.31 for Openness when combining LLM inferences across LLMs and time points.ConclusionThese findings advance understanding of LLMs' potential for personality inference, highlighting the importance of aggregating inferences to enhance the reliability and validity of such assessments.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Packer West, Tianwei V. Du, Kaela Van Til, Joshua D. Miller, Donald R. Lynam
{"title":"The Relation Between Psychopathy and Sexual Aggression: A Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Melissa Packer West, Tianwei V. Du, Kaela Van Til, Joshua D. Miller, Donald R. Lynam","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70017","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivePsychopathy is a multifaceted, hierarchical construct that has been linked to aggression and antisocial behavior. The triarchic model of psychopathy comprises three underlying, distinct trait domains: boldness, disinhibition, and meanness. Understanding how psychopathy at general and factor levels relates to sexual aggression is critical given its connection and the serious repercussions of sexual aggression.MethodThis preregistered meta‐analysis (<jats:italic>k</jats:italic> = 117) examined the relationship between psychopathy at the total construct and triarchic levels and sexual aggression in adult samples. A relative weights analysis was used to produce triarchic psychopathy scores from commonly used psychopathy measures and the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM).ResultsPsychopathy evinced a moderate, positive relationship with general sexual aggression as well as most specific forms of sexual aggression except for rape and child molestation. At the triarchic level, meanness and disinhibition related positively and boldness negatively to sexual aggression. Other moderation analyses revealed significant heterogeneity in study methods and characteristics that can explain variability in psychopathy's relations with sexual aggression.ConclusionsPsychopathy relates moderately to various forms of sexual aggression. The relationship depends on multiple factors. Understanding these mechanisms can inform prevention, treatment, and risk assessment of damaging sexual acts.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}