Journal of Personality最新文献

Humility Throughout the Lifespan and a Global Pandemic: Evidence From a Large‐Scale Cross‐Sectional Study 贯穿一生的谦逊和全球流行病：来自大规模横断面研究的证据

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70002

Wendy W. L. Cheung, Sakshi S. Sahakari, Friedrich M. Götz

{"title":"Humility Throughout the Lifespan and a Global Pandemic: Evidence From a Large‐Scale Cross‐Sectional Study","authors":"Wendy W. L. Cheung, Sakshi S. Sahakari, Friedrich M. Götz","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70002","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveWe provide a fine‐grained portrait of age‐graded differences in Humility across the lifespan. Specifically, we shed light on year‐by‐year differences and explore differences‐in‐differences in the wake of the COVID pandemic.MethodsWe used large‐scale cross‐sectional data (n = 2,025,004) and employed multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVAs, and multilevel modeling to examine mean‐score differences in Humility from age 10 to 70 across the entire sample, and for temporal (pre‐COVID, COVID) and geographical (9 countries, 6 US states) subsamples.ResultsAcross cultures and geographies, Humility mean scores were lowest in late childhood and rose steadily thereafter. They reached their highest levels in late adulthood and exhibited more erratic patterns around retirement age. In the overall and pre‐COVID samples, mean‐score differences were most pronounced during the transition from early to middle adulthood. In the COVID sample, similar patterns emerged, though we observed generally higher Humility scores, pronounced adolescent disruption, and the biggest differences between early and middle adulthood.ConclusionsAge‐graded trends in Humility aligned fully with some established patterns of personality trait development (i.e., psychological maturation, maturation reversal) and partially with others (i.e., disruption hypothesis). Moreover, the COVID analyses provide preliminary insights into the potential effects of the pandemic on personality development trajectories.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"656 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Personality and Flow: A Meta‐Analysis 个性与心流之间的关系：一项元分析

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70004

Siem Buseyne, Sameh Said‐Metwaly, Wim Van den Noortgate, Fien Depaepe, Annelies Raes

{"title":"The Relationship Between Personality and Flow: A Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Siem Buseyne, Sameh Said‐Metwaly, Wim Van den Noortgate, Fien Depaepe, Annelies Raes","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70004","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis meta‐analysis explores the relationship between Big Five personality traits and flow. It also examines the moderating roles of demographic factors (i.e., gender and age), cultural differences, contextual variations, flow dimensions, and the instruments used to assess personality and flow.MethodA systematic search was conducted across ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying 24 eligible studies reporting associations between Big Five traits and flow. A total of 352 effect sizes were analyzed using a three‐level random‐effects model. Moderator analyses examined the influence of demographic, cultural, contextual, and methodological factors.ResultsResults reveal a medium‐sized positive association between Conscientiousness and flow (r = 0.33), while Extraversion (r = 0.25), Openness (r = 0.18), and Agreeableness (r = 0.16) show smaller positive relationships. Neuroticism has a small negative relationship with flow (r = −0.16). Significant moderating effects were identified for culture, with stronger correlations in Eastern cultures for Extraversion, Openness, and Agreeableness.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of considering personality traits when studying flow. Future research should expand cross‐cultural studies, explore flow across a broader range of contexts, incorporate multimodal measurement techniques, and develop interventions that enhance flow experiences by aligning them with individuals' personality profiles and contextual characteristics.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age Patterns in Dual-Cycle Identity Processes and Their Associations With Life Satisfaction. 双循环认同过程中的年龄模式及其与生活满意度的关系。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70001

Joshua A Weller, Elisabeth L de Moor, Theo A Klimstra

{"title":"Age Patterns in Dual-Cycle Identity Processes and Their Associations With Life Satisfaction.","authors":"Joshua A Weller, Elisabeth L de Moor, Theo A Klimstra","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Identity development research often applies the identity status approach, which distinguishes different dimensions of identity-relevant commitment levels and exploration behavior. However, age differences in these dimensions have mostly been examined in adolescence and young adulthood, leaving questions about their variation across the adult lifespan. Additionally, associations between identity and life satisfaction have been equally understudied in adult populations.Method: We examined these questions in a large, nationally representative U.K. sample (N = 3869; age range 18-97). Identity processes were measured using an abbreviated Dimensions of Identity Development Scale. After invariance testing by age groups, we examined age differences across identity dimensions: Commitment and Exploration (depth, breadth, ruminative).Results: Older individuals reported lower scores on all exploration dimensions until late adulthood. However, though no age differences in commitment were observed between early and middle adulthood, less commitment was reported from middle to late adulthood. Additionally, commitment and exploration in depth were consistently positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas ruminative exploration negatively predicted life satisfaction, with stronger associations appearing in later adulthood.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying identity across adulthood from a measurement perspective and highlight how identity dimensions relate to well-being at different ages.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narrative Agency and Communion as Predictors of Trait and State Self-Esteem Dynamics. 叙事代理和共融作为特质和状态自尊动态的预测因子。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70000

Guðrún R Guðmundsdóttir,Elisabeth L de Moor,Anne K Reitz

{"title":"Narrative Agency and Communion as Predictors of Trait and State Self-Esteem Dynamics.","authors":"Guðrún R Guðmundsdóttir,Elisabeth L de Moor,Anne K Reitz","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70000","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONSelf-esteem has important implications for life outcomes, yet little is known about its antecedents at both the trait and state levels. We examined agency and communion-coded from personal narratives about a past turning-point event-as predictors of trait self-esteem levels, long-term trait changes, and short-term fluctuations (instability) in state self-esteem.METHODSWe used data from a 5-wave intensive longitudinal study of Dutch master's students (N = 281, Mage = 24.5, 75% females) over a 2-year period, tracking their university-to-work transition. Participants completed a questionnaire and 14-day experience sampling assessments at each wave. Mixed-effects location scale models were used.RESULTSAgency and communion were positively associated with self-esteem at the beginning of the transition. While communion did not predict instability in state self-esteem, we found some evidence for agency negatively predicting self-esteem instability across days but not across moments. Results neither revealed differences in trait changes as a function of agency or communion nor significant heterogeneity in change trajectories overall. Agency appeared more frequently in students' narratives compared to communion.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that agentic but not communal narratives negatively predict daily self-esteem instability during the work transition but provide limited insight into momentary self-esteem instability and trait changes.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making Multimethod Latent State-Trait Models for Random and Fixed Situations Accessible: A Tutorial. 使随机和固定情况下的多方法潜在状态-特征模型易于访问：教程。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13031

Dora L Tinhof,Axel Mayer

{"title":"Making Multimethod Latent State-Trait Models for Random and Fixed Situations Accessible: A Tutorial.","authors":"Dora L Tinhof,Axel Mayer","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13031","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEAs more researchers employ longitudinal research designs, which integrate multiple methods and multiple (fixed) situations, the need for appropriate analytical methods arises.METHODMultimethod latent state-trait models for random and fixed situations (MM-LST-RF; Hintz et al. 2019) provide a means with which person characteristics, (fixed) situation, and method effects, as well as their interactions can be studied. While these models are very versatile, their complexity poses a significant hurdle to their implementation.RESULTSThis tutorial helps facilitate the application of MM-LST-RF models. First, we present two simpler methodological approaches in which the full MM-LST-RF model is broken down into its (a) multimethod and (b) random and fixed situation components. Key parameters and model coefficients are highlighted using a motivational example. Second, we present a user-friendly shiny app based on a newly developed R function. Users are walked through the process of specifying, estimating, and interpreting an MM-LST-RF model guided by detailed explanations of all specification options and practical use recommendations.CONCLUSIONThe shiny app facilitates the analysis of data from longitudinal study designs implementing multiple methods and (fixed) situations, helping researchers gain a deeper understanding of psychological constructs.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Locus of Control and Big Five Personality Traits Account for Individual Differences in Social Influence on Agency Judgments? 控制源和大五人格特征能否解释个体对代理判断的社会影响差异？

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13030

Mark Wulff Carstensen, Pierre Jacquet, David Cohen, Marlène Jan, Mario Speranza, Axel Baptista, Valerian Chambon

{"title":"Do Locus of Control and Big Five Personality Traits Account for Individual Differences in Social Influence on Agency Judgments?","authors":"Mark Wulff Carstensen, Pierre Jacquet, David Cohen, Marlène Jan, Mario Speranza, Axel Baptista, Valerian Chambon","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13030","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The sense of agency might be jointly affected by situational and interindividual factors. In this study, we examined whether personality traits and control beliefs can explain individual differences in both (1) sense of agency and (2) susceptibility of agency judgments to social influence.Method: To do so, we used measures of the Big Five Personality Traits and Levenson's Locus of Control in combination with a task based on an interactive computer game, which we submitted to a large cohort of online participants (N = 562). We manipulated sensorimotor agency cues related to action control as well as social information communicated to participants.Results: Our results show that while locus of control beliefs are related to differences in sense of agency, neither Big Five personality traits nor locus of control beliefs can account for differences in susceptibility to social influence.Conclusion: Locus of control and Big Five personality traits can account for some differences in sense of agency, but not for differences in belief alignment.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Authoritarianism and Threat in 59 Nations. 59个国家的威权主义和威胁。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13026

Lucian Gideon Conway

{"title":"Authoritarianism and Threat in 59 Nations.","authors":"Lucian Gideon Conway","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13026","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEMost prominent theories of authoritarianism maintain that it is deeply tied to threat, and yet few large-scale cross-cultural tests have evaluated this link. Furthermore, there are ongoing debates about (a) the degree that realistic (versus symbolic) threats predict authoritarianism and (b) the degree that the threat-authoritarianism link occurs across the political spectrum.METHODTo fill in these gaps, the present study evaluated the threat-authoritarianism link in 84,677 persons from 59 nations while measuring multiple different types of realistic threat, employing a relatively ideologically unbiased authoritarianism measurement (autocracy support), and measuring ideological controls/moderators.RESULTSMultilevel models revealed that realistic threat predicted autocracy support in both WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries around the world, although the effect was significantly stronger in WEIRD nations. Furthermore, threat predicted autocracy support for both left- and right-wing persons, although the effect was significantly stronger for right-wing persons.CONCLUSIONSThese results provide the largest multinational test to date on the threat-authoritarianism link and offer numerous advances over prior research on the topic. Not only do they contribute large-scale evidence for a key assumption of most authoritarianism theories in an era where many theories and findings are being reevaluated, but they also provide theoretical advances in our understanding of the specific nature of the threat-authoritarianism link.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Father Trait Anger and Exposure to Infant Cry: Effects on Emotion, Appraisals of Infants, and Cognitive Performance 父亲特质愤怒与婴儿哭声暴露：对情绪、婴儿评价和认知表现的影响

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13029

Lauren M. Francis, Bridgette E. Speranza, Liam G. Graeme, Ashlee Curtis, Peter G. Enticott, Jacqui A. Macdonald

{"title":"Father Trait Anger and Exposure to Infant Cry: Effects on Emotion, Appraisals of Infants, and Cognitive Performance","authors":"Lauren M. Francis, Bridgette E. Speranza, Liam G. Graeme, Ashlee Curtis, Peter G. Enticott, Jacqui A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13029","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTrait anger can impact emotional states, appraisals of others, and cognition. The study aim was to assess in fathers whether these associations are exacerbated by infant crying.MethodThree hundred sixty‐eight fathers were randomly assigned to infant cry, infant babble, or a non‐infant‐related control while completing assessments of cognitive scope, impulse control, or mentalizing. Trait anger (pre‐exposure), emotional state (pre‐ and post‐exposure), and appraisals of the infant (post‐exposure) were assessed.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that trait anger was associated with increased angry emotional state post‐exposure, including feeling like yelling at someone, feeling like hitting someone, and with negative appraisals of infant temperament. Fathers exposed to cry were more likely to feel angry and like yelling at someone post‐exposure than fathers exposed to babble or pink noise, and appraised the infant more negatively and as having less positive intent than fathers exposed to babble. Neither trait anger nor sound condition were associated with cognitive scope, impulse control, or mentalizing performance. No significant interaction effects between trait anger and infant cry condition were found on any of the dependent variables.ConclusionsFathers may benefit from support to modulate their responses to infant cry. Fathers with higher trait anger may benefit from intervention to manage responses to both positive and negative infant expressions.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Relationships Between Basic Emotions and the Big Five Personality Traits and Their Sub-Traits. 基本情绪与五大人格特征及其子特征关系的研究。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13027

Ryan Donovan,Aoife Johnson,Aine de Roiste,Ruairi O'Reilly

{"title":"Investigating the Relationships Between Basic Emotions and the Big Five Personality Traits and Their Sub-Traits.","authors":"Ryan Donovan,Aoife Johnson,Aine de Roiste,Ruairi O'Reilly","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13027","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONMost research investigating relationships between the Big Five and emotional states has focused on how emotional attributes relate to Extraversion and Neuroticism. However, the potential for discrete emotional states to enable a richer understanding of the emotive nature of all Big Five traits and their subtraits has been neglected.METHODSParticipants (N = 203) completed the Big Five Aspects Scale, watched six emotionally stimulating video clips, and self-reported their experience of basic emotions before (Baseline) and after (Reaction) each video. Spearman correlations identified state-trait relationships, followed by regression analyses to assess the unique contribution of each trait to emotional experiences.RESULTSConscientiousness negatively correlated with Baseline Sadness, while Agreeableness positively correlated with Reaction Disgust, Fear, and Sadness. Extraversion predicted higher Joy, and Neuroticism was linked to greater Fear and Sadness.CONCLUSIONFindings reinforce Extraversion and Neuroticism's links to positive and negative emotionality, respectively, while also showing that Agreeableness predicts heightened sensitivity to negative affect. Conscientiousness, particularly Orderliness, appears protective against Baseline Sadness, and Openness to Experience, especially Intellect, is linked to lower sensitivity to Surprise. Potential mechanisms underlying these relationships are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Childhood Shapes Adolescents' Belief in Justice: A Longitudinal Study Examining the Link Between Childhood Stressful Environment and Belief in a Just World. 童年如何塑造青少年的正义信念：童年压力环境与公正世界信念关系的纵向研究。

IF 5 1区心理学

Journal of Personality Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13028

Yuqing Jin, Ying Yang

{"title":"How Childhood Shapes Adolescents' Belief in Justice: A Longitudinal Study Examining the Link Between Childhood Stressful Environment and Belief in a Just World.","authors":"Yuqing Jin, Ying Yang","doi":"10.1111/jopy.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Belief in a just world refers to a personal belief regarding justice and serves adaptive functions in adolescent development. Previous research has mainly focused on the outcome variables of belief in a just world, such as psychological and behavioral responses related to injustice, while the predictors and mechanisms underlying its longitudinal development remain underexplored. Based on cognitive schema theory, justice capital theory, and life history theory, this study aimed to investigate the predictive role of childhood stressful environments-specifically, childhood harshness and unpredictability-and the mediating effect of discrimination perception on belief in a just world.Method: A three-wave longitudinal study was conducted with 515 high school students in southeast China (Mage at Time 1 = 17.20, SDage = 0.46; 45.54% women).Results: Results showed that the childhood harshness negatively predicted belief in a just world, whereas childhood unpredictability was not significantly associated with it. Additionally, personal discrimination perception, rather than group discrimination perception, mediated the longitudinal relationship between childhood harshness and belief in a just world.Conclusions: This study offers a perspective focusing on individuals' former experiences for future research on the predictors of belief in a just world, highlighting how childhood adversity can shape perceptions of injustice during adolescence and jointly influence belief in a just world.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0