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Strategic emissions in the rain 战略排放在雨中
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103731
Runhao Zhao, Ye Yuan
{"title":"Strategic emissions in the rain","authors":"Runhao Zhao,&nbsp;Ye Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Firms strategically locate and time their emissions to evade environmental regulations. We uncover a novel form of temporal evasion: firms discharge wastewater into waterways during periods of heavy rains. By employing a difference-in-differences approach and analyzing high-frequency water quality monitoring and rainfall data, we find that water pollution concentrations rise more significantly in catchment areas densely populated by polluting firms relative to low-density areas. Our empirical findings align with a stylized model that predicts polluters exploit the dilution effects of rainfall to strategically increase wastewater discharge under a threshold-based monitoring system. We estimate that this covert “polluting-in-the-rain” behavior can offset 43% of China’s annual emission reduction targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heatwaves and delivery practices: The effects of extreme temperature in Brazilian maternity wards 热浪和分娩实践：极端温度对巴西产科病房的影响
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103725
Rafael Parfitt , Nicolas Goulart
{"title":"Heatwaves and delivery practices: The effects of extreme temperature in Brazilian maternity wards","authors":"Rafael Parfitt ,&nbsp;Nicolas Goulart","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how extreme heat affects healthcare delivery, using data on around 25 million births in Brazilian public hospitals between 2008 and 2019. Combining satellite-based temperature records with a high-dimensional fixed-effects design, we study how delivery practices and provider allocation vary with short-run temperature fluctuations in maternity wards. We find that extreme heat is associated with a lower probability that deliveries are led by physicians and a corresponding increase in nurse-led births, alongside a decline in cesarean section rates. Among physician-attended deliveries, extremely hot days are associated with a higher likelihood of pre-labor cesarean sections, consistent with shifts toward faster procedures under thermal stress. We find no detectable effects on immediate neonatal health as measured by Apgar scores. Together, these results suggest that temperature shocks reshape clinical decision-making and task allocation in maternity wards, revealing an operational channel through which climate stress affects healthcare delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NAFTA and drug-related violence in Mexico 北美自由贸易协定和墨西哥与毒品有关的暴力
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103719
Eduardo Hidalgo , Erik Hornung , Pablo Selaya
{"title":"NAFTA and drug-related violence in Mexico","authors":"Eduardo Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Erik Hornung ,&nbsp;Pablo Selaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study how NAFTA changed the geography of violence in Mexico. We propose that this open border policy increased trafficking profits of Mexican cartels, resulting in violent competition among them. We test this hypothesis by comparing changes in drug-related homicides after NAFTA’s introduction in 1994 across municipalities with and without drug-trafficking routes. Routes are predicted least cost paths connecting municipalities with a recent history of detected drug trafficking with U.S. land ports of entry. On these routes, homicides increase by 2.1 per 100,000 inhabitants, which is equivalent to 26% of the pre-NAFTA mean. These results cannot be explained by changes in worker’s opportunity costs of using violence resulting from the trade shock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social information, advice and altruistic behavior by underprivileged children: Experimental evidence from Colombia 社会信息、建议和贫困儿童的利他行为：来自哥伦比亚的实验证据
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103750
Natalia Candelo , Jingping Gu , Sherry Xin Li
{"title":"Social information, advice and altruistic behavior by underprivileged children: Experimental evidence from Colombia","authors":"Natalia Candelo ,&nbsp;Jingping Gu ,&nbsp;Sherry Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment to investigate how parents', teachers', and peers' behavior and advice affect children's altruism in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Colombia. Elementary school children choose how much to help a child-in-need in a real-effort task before and after learning about their parents', teachers', or peers' decisions or receiving their advice. We find that both information and advice from these sources enhance children's willingness to share. Their sharing increases after observing others' decisions, except when it is costly to access information about parents' behavior. However, when children must incur a small cost to observe others' behavior, their sharing responds substantially more to their teachers' and peers' behavior than to their parents'. By contrast, advice from all sources—parents, teachers, peers, and high-status peers—consistently enhances sharing. Our findings highlight the crucial role of children's social environments and shed light on multiple policy-relevant channels for fostering altruism among underprivileged children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Participatory teaching improves learning outcomes: Evidence from a field experiment in Tanzania 参与式教学改善学习成果：来自坦桑尼亚实地实验的证据
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103742
Martina Jakob , Konstantin Büchel , Daniel Steffen , Aymo Brunetti
{"title":"Participatory teaching improves learning outcomes: Evidence from a field experiment in Tanzania","authors":"Martina Jakob ,&nbsp;Konstantin Büchel ,&nbsp;Daniel Steffen ,&nbsp;Aymo Brunetti","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While participatory teaching methods have been shown to be more successful than traditional rote learning in high-income countries, it is less clear if they can help address the learning crisis in low- and middle-income countries, where classes tend to be large and teachers have fewer resources at their disposal. Based on a field experiment with 440 teachers from 220 schools in Tanzania, we use official standardized student examinations to assess the impact of a pedagogy-centered intervention. A five-day in-service teacher training on participatory and practice-based methods improved students’ test scores 18 months later by 0.13<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span>. The additional provision of laptops with a learning software allowing a random subset of teachers to refresh their content knowledge did not yield further learning gains for students. We also find limited evidence of spillover effects on indirectly exposed teachers and their students, even though knowledge-sharing activities were a key component of the program. Complementary findings from participant surveys and interviews suggest that the program was highly appreciated by different stakeholders, but that participants were unable to assess its impact along different dimensions, giving equally positive evaluations of its successful and its unsuccessful elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A few good masks: Mask manufacturing and supply networks in Rwanda during the COVID-19 pandemic 几个好口罩：2019冠状病毒病大流行期间卢旺达的口罩制造和供应网络
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103715
Kieran Byrne , Florence Kondylis , John Loeser , Denis Mukama
{"title":"A few good masks: Mask manufacturing and supply networks in Rwanda during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Kieran Byrne ,&nbsp;Florence Kondylis ,&nbsp;John Loeser ,&nbsp;Denis Mukama","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Can trade frictions limit access to improved health technologies? Rwanda encouraged and licensed domestic production of high-quality masks by a few selected textile manufacturers at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to mask manufacturing through pre-licensing textile trade networks within an event-study design using receipt-level transaction data. Local markets less exposed to mask manufacturing had higher mask prices, purchased fewer masks, and experienced faster growth in COVID-19 infections proxied by demand for anti-fever medicine. The dynamics of our results suggest that mask quality, rather than quantity, explains reduced infections caused by manufactured masks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooperation between national armies: Evidence from the Sahel borders 国家军队之间的合作：来自萨赫勒边境的证据
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103726
Marion Richard , Oliver Vanden Eynde
{"title":"Cooperation between national armies: Evidence from the Sahel borders","authors":"Marion Richard ,&nbsp;Oliver Vanden Eynde","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of security operations often depends on cooperation between national armies. Such cooperation can be particularly important when international borders are porous and armed groups can operate across borders. We investigate how the creation of an international armed force that could operate across international borders (the G5-Sahel Joint Force) together with improved communication between national armies affected conflict dynamics in the Sahel region. Relying on a regression discontinuity design, we find that the G5 mission lowered the intensity of conflict locally in its zone of operation, especially along border segments more porous due to their geographical features or ethnic composition. Further analysis of geographical conflict propagation patterns indicates that the G5-Sahel force facilitated security operations in border areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foreign technology and informal employment: Evidence from Mexico 外国技术与非正式就业：来自墨西哥的证据
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103732
Maria Bas , Pamela Bombarda
{"title":"Foreign technology and informal employment: Evidence from Mexico","authors":"Maria Bas ,&nbsp;Pamela Bombarda","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how access to foreign technology embodied in imported inputs affects formalization in Mexico. Using household microdata, we exploit the significant reduction in Mexico’s tariffs on U.S. goods (both final and intermediate) across manufacturing industries between 1993 and 2001. We find that individuals working in manufacturing industries experiencing an average reduction in input tariffs (12 percentage points) are 4 percentage points more likely to be formally employed. The effect is particularly pronounced among high-skilled workers, consistent with an input-skill complementarity mechanism. In contrast, lower output tariffs, by inducing tougher import competition, increased the probability of informal employment by more than 1.5 percentage points. These findings enhance our understanding of the role that access to advanced technology, facilitated by trade liberalization, plays in promoting formal employment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When the fire ends: Straw burning, regulation, and pollution substitution 火灾结束时：秸秆燃烧、调节、污染替代
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103727
Hai Hong , Kevin Chen
{"title":"When the fire ends: Straw burning, regulation, and pollution substitution","authors":"Hai Hong ,&nbsp;Kevin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental regulations can trigger unintended pollution externalities if they lack well-designed economic incentives or fail to account for the responses of polluters. This paper examines the effectiveness and unintended consequences of the Universal Prohibition on Straw Burning (UPSB) policy in China. By exploiting a generalized difference-in-differences design, we find that the UPSB policy significantly reduces agricultural fires and air pollution through top-down campaign-style enforcement. However, as straw burning is commonly used to kill pests and fertilize the soil, the UPSB policy also increases the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, leading to magnified water pollution. Cost-benefit analysis suggests that much of the health benefit from improved air quality is offset by the health cost from degraded water quality. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the potential responses of individuals subject to the regulation when conducting policy evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychological barriers to participation in the labor market: Evidence from rural Ghana 参与劳动力市场的心理障碍：来自加纳农村的证据
IF 4.6 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103734
Leandro Carvalho , Damien de Walque , Crick Lund , Heather Schofield , Vincent Somville , Jingyao Wei
{"title":"Psychological barriers to participation in the labor market: Evidence from rural Ghana","authors":"Leandro Carvalho ,&nbsp;Damien de Walque ,&nbsp;Crick Lund ,&nbsp;Heather Schofield ,&nbsp;Vincent Somville ,&nbsp;Jingyao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health conditions are strongly associated with reduced labor market participation, but the underlying channels through which such conditions impact labor supply remain unclear. We conduct a two-phase study decomposing this relationship by examining (i) job take-up decisions and (ii) labor supply, output, and earning conditional on job take-up, and (iii) quit rates. In Phase 1, women in rural Ghana are asked whether they would be willing to take-up a cash-for-work job during the lean season when alternative work is scarce. We find that individuals with depression and anxiety, which are common in this population, are much more likely to decline work offers outside the home but equally likely to accept work-from-home positions. In Phase 2, we randomly offer jobs at home to those who were willing to work from home, avoiding selection effects. Neither depression nor anxiety predict work completion, income, or quit rates when working from home. These findings suggest that poor mental health may harm labor market outcomes in traditional jobs outside of the home via reduced take-up, above and beyond the established negative impacts of mental health on productivity in work outside of the home. But, the results also suggest an alternative approach to improving labor market outcomes for those in poor mental health: work-from-home opportunities, which are not associated with lower take-up or lower productivity on the job for those in poor mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 103734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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