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Measuring sex-selective abortion: How many women abort? 衡量针对胎儿性别进行的选择性人工流产：有多少妇女堕胎？
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342
{"title":"Measuring sex-selective abortion: How many women abort?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper demonstrates that sex-selective abortion induces a correlation between birth interval length and the sex of the next-born child. Using a statistical model, we show that shorter birth intervals for next-born girls indicate <em>repeated</em> sex-selective abortions between consecutive births. Analyzing data from India, we find evidence of repeated sex-selective abortions at birth order 2 when the first child is a girl, and strong evidence at birth order 3 when the first two children are girls. To quantify the extent of repeated abortions, we propose a maximum likelihood estimator that provides the number of women who abort and their likelihood of performing repeated abortions. Our estimation results reveal significant heterogeneity across birth orders, sibling compositions, and socio-demographic and geographic groups. Notably, literate and urban women who first had a girl rarely abort a second time, whereas women in northern India who first had two girls show a 13% likelihood of repeated sex-selective abortion. In this group, the estimated number of aborted female fetuses—the standard measure of sex-selective abortion—is 50% higher than the number of women who abort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000919/pdfft?md5=fb33c31b30b404295118259e82eb526f&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000919-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communist propaganda and women’s status 共产党的宣传和妇女地位
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341
{"title":"Communist propaganda and women’s status","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how communist propaganda affects gender norms and behavior in China. Improving women’s status and promoting gender equality were significant themes of revolutionary propaganda in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation resulting from topography, I find that exposure to radio broadcasts during the Cultural Revolution improved educational gender equality, and such effects were stronger in areas with weaker Confucian norms. Using individual-level census data, I also find positive effects of radio exposure on women’s family-related and career-related outcomes. I explore the possible mechanisms using data from two surveys on gender norms, and my evidence is consistent with rational updating. The significant persuasion effects disappear when more recent data are employed, implying temporary communist influences on entrenched social norms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso 在脆弱环境中支持小企业：比较布基纳法索的配套赠款和现金赠款
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344
{"title":"Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We used a randomized controlled trial to compare matching grants earmarked for technical training and consulting services with more flexible cash grants and with a control group. The experiment was implemented in a semi-urban and rural fragile setting where subsidizing innovative activities might be particularly important. Firms were selected on the basis of a business plan competition. After two years, beneficiaries of cash grants showed higher survival rates, improved business practices, a higher degree of formalization, and more activities for innovation relative to recipients of matching grants and the control group, but we saw no effects on profits, sales, and employment. Across all outcomes, beneficiaries of cash grants performed better than beneficiaries of matching grants, for them the treatment effects are smaller and often insignificant, though implementation costs were higher. Recipients of cash grants also increased their capital stock more and were more resilient to the COVID-19 crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000932/pdfft?md5=012080f314a949751eb797974836f59a&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000932-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preprimary education and early childhood development: Evidence from government schools in rural Kenya 学前教育与幼儿发展：肯尼亚农村公立学校的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337
{"title":"Preprimary education and early childhood development: Evidence from government schools in rural Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide evidence on the link between enrollment in public preschool and child vocabulary, a critical precursor to early literacy. We measure early childhood development among both in-school and out-of-school children in Kenya, allowing us to examine the association between preschool enrollment and cognitive outcomes. Children in our sample are more likely to start school at age three rather than age four if they live within a few hundred meters of the nearest primary school. Three-year-olds living closer to the school also have stronger vocabulary skills, though a similar pattern does not exist among older children. Using proximity to school as an instrument for preprimary enrollment, we find that preprimary enrollment raises mother tongue receptive vocabulary by more than one standard deviation at age three, but does not impact vocabulary at later ages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When beer is safer than water: Beer availability and mortality from waterborne illnesses 当啤酒比水更安全时啤酒供应与水传播疾病的死亡率
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343
{"title":"When beer is safer than water: Beer availability and mortality from waterborne illnesses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the impact of beer on mortality during the Industrial Revolution in 18th century England. Due to the brewing process, beer represented an improvement over available water sources during this period prior to the widespread understanding of the link between water quality and human health. Using a wide range of identification strategies to derive measures of beer scarcity driven by tax increases, weather events, and soil quality, we show that beer scarcity was associated with higher mortality, especially in the summer months when mortality was more likely to be driven by waterborne illnesses related to contaminated drinking water. We also leverage variation in inherent water quality across parishes using two proxies for water quality to show that beer scarcity resulted in greater deaths in areas with worse water quality. Together, the evidence indicates that beer had a major impact on human health during this important period in economic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pollution-induced trips: Evidence from flight and train bookings in China 污染导致的旅行：来自中国航班和火车预订的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340
{"title":"Pollution-induced trips: Evidence from flight and train bookings in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing a novel database including nearly 2.2 billion booking records in China, we examine whether people escape from pollution by traveling to “cleaner” places. Combining an instrumental variable approach with high-dimensional fixed effects, we find a 50-unit increase in the AQI gap between a city pair leads to a 1.30% (1.33%) increase in train and airline ticket bookings from the origin to the destination city departing within one day (2–7 days). In addition, the destination of such pollution-induced trips is more likely to be an intra-province city with more tourist attractions. We also measure willingness to pay for clean air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childhood migration and educational attainment: Evidence from Indonesia 儿童移民与教育成就：印度尼西亚的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338
{"title":"Childhood migration and educational attainment: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Millions of families migrate every year in search of better opportunities. Whether these opportunities materialize for the children brought with them depends on the quality of the destination that their parents selected. Exploiting variation in the age of migration, I analyze the impact of destination quality on the educational outcomes of childhood internal migrants in Indonesia. Using Population Census microdata from 2000 and 2010, I show that children who spend more time growing up in districts characterized by higher average educational attainment among permanent residents tend to exhibit greater probabilities of completing primary and secondary schooling. Moreover, educational outcomes of migrants converge with those of permanent residents at an average rate of 1.7 to 2.2 percent annually, with children from less educated households benefiting more from additional exposure. My findings suggest substantial heterogeneity of returns to childhood migration with respect to destination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000877/pdfft?md5=2768191feed6a1929f817955cd9ef755&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roads, competition, and the informal sector 道路、竞争和非正规部门
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339
{"title":"Roads, competition, and the informal sector","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the impact of competition from better connectivity to domestic markets on formal and informal firms. Combining geolocalized information on road improvements under a large infrastructure investment programme with data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia between 2001 and 2013, we show that an increase in competition is associated with higher labour productivity, capital-intensity, investment in physical capital and wages in the formal sector. On the contrary, there is no associated increase in labour productivity or wages in the informal sector. In fact, increased competition results in lower capital-intensity and investment, a shift in composition towards workers without primary education and a lower likelihood of operating in the informal sector. We thus highlight that the benefits of infrastructure improvement programmes may not accrue uniformly in the economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000889/pdfft?md5=69ea6cfaa713026d30c61bd272d3ee87&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Internal migration and drug violence in Mexico 墨西哥的国内移民和毒品暴力
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334
{"title":"Internal migration and drug violence in Mexico","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study how internal migration responds to an increase in criminal violence in the context of Mexico’s 2007 War on Drugs. To identify causal effects, we exploit the changes in homicides generated by conflict between drug-trafficking organizations. Instrumental variable regressions show that high skilled individuals are less likely to migrate to a municipality where the homicide rate increased. Conversely, we find out-migration from municipalities that experienced an increase in murders but only to other municipalities in the same commuting zone. We interpret these facts as evidence that the migration response to increases in violence is tempered by moving costs. Using a discrete-choice model over destination choices, we estimate individuals would be willing to accept a reduction in wages of 0.15% to 0.58% to decrease the local homicide rate by 1%. The welfare cost of the post-2007 spike in homicides is in the order of 10% of GDP per year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Returns to quality in rural agricultural markets: Evidence from wheat markets in Ethiopia 农村农产品市场的质量回报：埃塞俄比亚小麦市场的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336
{"title":"Returns to quality in rural agricultural markets: Evidence from wheat markets in Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many Sub-Saharan countries, farmers cannot meet the growing urban demand for higher quality products. While the literature has focused on production-side constraints to enhance smallholder farmers’ output quality, there is scarce evidence of market-side constraints. Using a sample of 60 wheat markets in Ethiopia, I assess whether farmers received a price premium for supplying higher quality outputs. I exploit a unique feature of the data which precisely measures observable and less or unobservable quality attributes, and relate them to transaction prices. Observable attributes cannot serve as proxies for less observable ones. Transaction prices further reflect this, indicating that markets only reward quality attributes that are observable at no cost. However, these results hide cross-market heterogeneity. Farmers engage in relational contracts receive a higher price but similar rewards for quality. Observable quality attributes are better rewarded in markets with more traders per farmer, while unobservable attributes are rewarded in the presence of other value chain actors (i.e., grain millers and farmer cooperatives). Both regression and machine learning approaches support these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000853/pdfft?md5=18c8f8752770cfc7cbc6102ebd009af6&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000853-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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