IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001403

Lisya Kaspi, Danfei Hu, Allon Vishkin, Yulia Chentsova-Dutton, Yuri Miyamoto, Jan Cieciuch, Akiva Cohen, Yukiko Uchida, Min Young Kim, Xiaoqin Wang, Jiang Qiu, Michaela Riediger, Antje Rauers, Yaniv Hanoch, Maya Tamir

{"title":"Motivated to feel better and doing something about it: Cross-cultural differences in motivated emotion regulation during COVID-19.","authors":"Lisya Kaspi, Danfei Hu, Allon Vishkin, Yulia Chentsova-Dutton, Yuri Miyamoto, Jan Cieciuch, Akiva Cohen, Yukiko Uchida, Min Young Kim, Xiaoqin Wang, Jiang Qiu, Michaela Riediger, Antje Rauers, Yaniv Hanoch, Maya Tamir","doi":"10.1037/emo0001403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001403","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion regulation is linked to adaptive psychological outcomes. To engage in such regulation, people must be motivated to do it. Given that people in different countries vary in how they think about unpleasant emotions, we expected motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions to differ across countries. Furthermore, given that emotion regulation strategies operate in the service of motivation, we expected people who are less motivated to decrease unpleasant emotions to use emotion regulation strategies less across countries. To test these predictions, we conducted two studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Study 1 in 2020 (N = 1,329) and Study 2 in 2021 (N = 1,279). We assessed the motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions and the use of emotion regulation strategies among members of East Asian countries (i.e., Japan, South Korea, and China) and Western countries (i.e., United States, United Kingdom, and Germany). Because we found substantial variation within these two broader cultural categories, we examined motivation and overall strategy use in emotion regulation at the country level. In both studies, motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions was the lowest in Japan and relatively high in the United States. As expected, across countries, weaker motivation to decrease unpleasant emotions was associated with using emotion regulation strategies less. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding cultural differences in motivated emotion regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Divergence of children's friendships and intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation: Factoring in extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation strategy use. 儿童友谊的分化与内在人际情绪调节：考虑外在人际情绪调节策略的使用。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001411

Kyongboon Kwon, Theodore S Lentz, A Michele Lease

{"title":"Divergence of children's friendships and intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation: Factoring in extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation strategy use.","authors":"Kyongboon Kwon, Theodore S Lentz, A Michele Lease","doi":"10.1037/emo0001411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001411","url":null,"abstract":"As peers become a major part of children's social life, children seek out and provide support for each other when experiencing strong emotions. We examined children's intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation (IER; children's emotion regulation support seeking from peers) and extrinsic IER (regulation strategies peers provide to help regulate emotion). We examined the extent to which (a) the peers whom children turn to for intrinsic IER diverge from those they consider close friends and (b) extrinsic IER strategy provided by peers is associated with intrinsic IER seeking. Study participants were 131 (67 girls) fourth and fifth grade children from six classrooms from urban settings in a U.S. Midwest state. Based on a peer nomination procedure, children nominated classmates who are their close friends, peers they turn to when sad or angry (i.e., intrinsic IER), and peers who help them regulate sadness or anger through listening and talking (i.e., extrinsic IER). We used social network analysis methods, with classrooms as a unit of analysis, to examine the pattern of ties in the nomination data. We demonstrated that (a) children's intrinsic IER ties are related to, yet distinct from, close friendship; (b) peers whom children turn to for intrinsic IER differ, to some extent, for sadness versus anger; and (c) extrinsic IER strategy use is significantly associated with intrinsic IER after taking friendship ties into account. The findings suggest that emotion regulatory needs channel children's social interactions, and extrinsic IER strategy accounts for some of the divergence of intrinsic IER ties from friendship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What makes us feel good? A data-driven investigation of positive emotion experience. 是什么让我们感觉良好？对积极情绪体验的数据驱动调查。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001417

Roza G Kamiloğlu, İnan Utku Türkmen, Taha Eren Sarnıç, Dana Landman, Disa A Sauter

{"title":"What makes us feel good? A data-driven investigation of positive emotion experience.","authors":"Roza G Kamiloğlu, İnan Utku Türkmen, Taha Eren Sarnıç, Dana Landman, Disa A Sauter","doi":"10.1037/emo0001417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001417","url":null,"abstract":"What does it mean to feel good? Is our experience of gazing in awe at a majestic mountain fundamentally different than erupting with triumph when our favorite team wins the championship? Here, we use a semantic space approach to test which positive emotional experiences are distinct from each other based on in-depth personal narratives of experiences involving 22 positive emotions (n = 165; 3,592 emotional events). A bottom-up computational analysis was applied to the transcribed text, with unsupervised clustering employed to maximize internal granular consistency (i.e., the clusters being maximally different and maximally internally homogeneous). The analysis yielded four emotions that map onto distinct clusters of subjective experiences: amusement, interest, lust, and tenderness. The application of the semantic space approach to in-depth personal accounts yields a nuanced understanding of positive emotional experiences. Moreover, this analytical method allows for the bottom-up development of emotion taxonomies, showcasing its potential for broader applications in the study of subjective experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smiling and frowning induced by facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) modulate felt emotion and physiology. 面部神经肌肉电刺激（fNMES）诱发的微笑和皱眉会调节感觉情绪和生理。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001408

Themis Nikolas Efthimiou, Joshua Baker, Arthur Elsenaar, Marc Mehu, Sebastian Korb

{"title":"Smiling and frowning induced by facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) modulate felt emotion and physiology.","authors":"Themis Nikolas Efthimiou, Joshua Baker, Arthur Elsenaar, Marc Mehu, Sebastian Korb","doi":"10.1037/emo0001408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001408","url":null,"abstract":"According to the facial feedback hypothesis, feedback from facial muscles can initiate and modulate a person's emotional state. This assumption is debated, however, and existing research has arguably suffered from a lack of control over which facial muscles are activated, when, to what degree, and for how long. To overcome these limitations, we carried out a preregistered experiment including 58 participants. Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) was applied to the bilateral zygomaticus major and depressor anguli oris muscles for 5 s at 100% and 50% of the participants' individual motor threshold. After each trial, participants reported their emotional valence and intensity and levels of experienced discomfort. Facial muscle activations were verified with automatic video coding; heart rate and electrodermal activity were recorded throughout. Results showed that muscle activation through fNMES, even when controlling for fNMES-induced discomfort, modulated participants' emotional state as expected, with more positive emotions reported after stronger stimulation of the zygomaticus major than the depressor anguli oris muscle. The addition of expression-congruent emotional images increased the effect. Moreover, fNMES intensity predicted intensity ratings, reduced HR, and skin conductance response. The finding that changes in felt emotion can be induced through brief and controlled activation of specific facial muscles is in line with the facial feedback hypothesis and offers exciting opportunities for translational intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative (but not positive) affective episodic future thinking enhances proactive behavior in 5-year-old children. 消极（而非积极）情感性偶发未来思维会增强 5 岁儿童的主动行为。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001345

Felix Schreiber, Silvia Schneider, Albert Newen, Babett Voigt

{"title":"Negative (but not positive) affective episodic future thinking enhances proactive behavior in 5-year-old children.","authors":"Felix Schreiber, Silvia Schneider, Albert Newen, Babett Voigt","doi":"10.1037/emo0001345","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001345","url":null,"abstract":"Envisioning the future and how you may feel (affective episodic future thinking [EFT]) helps adults to act in favor for their future self, according to manifold experiments. The current study tested whether and how affective EFT also helps children to behave more proactively, that is, to self-initially prepare for an upcoming event. Five-year-old (N = 90) children (data collected from 2021 to 2022) were instructed to mentally imagine how they would feel after successfully managing an upcoming test (positive affective EFT), how they would feel after failing to do so (negative affective EFT), or they were reminded of an upcoming test without a prompt to imagine (control condition, random assignment). Proactive behavior was indicated by children's choice to play one of three games before the actual test (one of the games was announced to be the test game). Mechanisms (e.g., motivation to win, psychological distance, current affect) and moderators (ability of episodically thinking about the future in everyday life, behavioral inhibition, and behavioral approach) for the possible effects of affective EFT were explored. Children in the negative affective EFT condition chose the target game significantly above chance level and more often than children in the control group, whereas children in the positive affective EFT condition did not. This effect was independent of the assumed mediators and moderators. Findings are discussed in the context of the theoretical and empirical literature on affective EFT in adults and suggestions for future studies are given. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional content reduces the cognitive effort invested in processing the credibility of social (mis)information. 情感内容可减少处理社会（错误）信息可信度时投入的认知努力。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001355

Julia Baum, Romy Frömer, Rasha Abdel Rahman

{"title":"Emotional content reduces the cognitive effort invested in processing the credibility of social (mis)information.","authors":"Julia Baum, Romy Frömer, Rasha Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1037/emo0001355","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001355","url":null,"abstract":"Emotionality likely is a key factor affecting our susceptibility to misinformation. However, the mechanisms underlying this observation are not well understood. Specifically, when people derive social information from person-related news, they rely predominantly on emotional content, apparently unperturbed by the credibility of the source. To help explain this bias, we here contrast two hypotheses of information processing reflected in changes in pupil size during news-based judgments: Emotion and cognitive effort. Thirty participants were first exposed to websites of well-known trusted or distrusted news media sources exhibiting headlines about unfamiliar persons, followed by social judgments. As expected, emotional relative to neutral headline contents lead to faster and more strongly valenced judgments. In line with the cognitive effort hypothesis, credibility modulated pupil size with larger pupils for headlines from distrusted sources, however only in response to neutral headline contents. Source credibility did not modulate pupil size in response to emotional headline contents. Instead, pupil size was smaller for emotional compared to neutral headlines for both trusted and distrusted sources. This pattern of findings suggests that emotional contents yield fluent social judgments that are made with relatively little mental effort-even if based on untrustworthy news. Cognitive resources to evaluate the credibility of news may primarily be allocated when emotional contents providing (false) fluency are not available. This insight into the biases underlying the processing of potential misinformation may be used as a protection against biased opinions and judgments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is it better to be happy or right? Examining the relative role of the pragmatic and epistemic imperatives in momentary affective evaluations. 快乐好还是正确好？研究实用主义和认识论在瞬间情感评价中的相对作用。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001349

Inon Raz, Niv Reggev, Michael Gilead

引用次数: 0

An experimental paradigm for triggering a depressive syndrome. 引发抑郁综合征的实验范例。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001338

Maxwell Altman, Lily W Martin, Candice Chiu, Stefanie B Northover, Siqi Huang, Sarah Goegan, Marta M Maslej, Steven D Hollon, Benoit H Mulsant, Paul W Andrews

{"title":"An experimental paradigm for triggering a depressive syndrome.","authors":"Maxwell Altman, Lily W Martin, Candice Chiu, Stefanie B Northover, Siqi Huang, Sarah Goegan, Marta M Maslej, Steven D Hollon, Benoit H Mulsant, Paul W Andrews","doi":"10.1037/emo0001338","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001338","url":null,"abstract":"Research investigating whether depression is an adaptation or a disorder has been hindered by the lack of an experimental paradigm that can test causal relationships. Moreover, studies attempting to induce the syndrome often fail to capture the suite of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that characterize depression. An experimental paradigm for triggering depressive symptoms can improve our etiological understanding of the syndrome. The present study attempts to induce core symptoms of depression, particularly those related to rumination, in a healthy, nonclinical sample through a controlled social experiment. These symptoms are sad or depressed mood, anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and difficulty concentrating. One hundred and thirty-four undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either an exclusion (E) or control (C) group. Participants in the exclusion group were exposed to a modified Cyberball paradigm, designed to make them feel socially excluded, followed by a dual-interference task to assess whether their exclusion interfered with their working memory. Excluded participants: (a) self-reported a significant increase in sadness and decrease in happiness, but not anxiety or calmness; (b) scored significantly higher in four of five variables related to depressive rumination; and (c) performed significantly worse on a dual-interference task, suggesting an impaired ability to concentrate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulating emotions about secrets. 调节对秘密的情绪。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001357

Valentina Bianchi, Katharine H Greenaway, Michael L Slepian, Elise K Kalokerinos

{"title":"Regulating emotions about secrets.","authors":"Valentina Bianchi, Katharine H Greenaway, Michael L Slepian, Elise K Kalokerinos","doi":"10.1037/emo0001357","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001357","url":null,"abstract":"Secrecy is common and psychologically costly. Research shows that secrets have high emotional stakes, but no research has directly tested how people regulate their emotions about secrets. To fill this gap, we conducted an experimental study (Study 1), then moved to studying secrecy \"in the wild\" to capture regulatory processes as they unfold in everyday life (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 1 (N = 498), people reported using different strategies to regulate emotions about secrets compared to matched nonsecrets. In two daily diary studies (NStudy 2 = 174, 1,059 surveys; NStudy 3 = 240, 2,764 surveys), participants reported engaging in acceptance, distraction, and expressive suppression most-and social sharing least-to manage emotions about secrets. Moreover, in testing which kinds of secrets required most regulation, Study 3 suggested that significant, negative, controllable, and socially harmful secrets were associated with greater use of rumination, distraction, and suppression; perceived immorality of keeping secrets was associated with greater use of reappraisal; and secret discoverability did not differentially predict regulation strategies. Our findings indicate that when regulating emotions about their secrets, people appear to prioritize their intention to keep secret information hidden, despite potential well-being costs that may come with enacting this intention. Understanding the regulatory processes involved in secrecy is a foundation on which future research can build to identify ways of alleviating the burden of secrecy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relative difficulty of resolving motivational conflicts is affective context-dependent. 解决动机冲突的相对难度取决于情境。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001353

Maya Enisman, Tali Kleiman

{"title":"The relative difficulty of resolving motivational conflicts is affective context-dependent.","authors":"Maya Enisman, Tali Kleiman","doi":"10.1037/emo0001353","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001353","url":null,"abstract":"According to Lewin's seminal motivational theory, conflicts between undesirable alternatives (avoidance-avoidance conflicts) are more difficult to resolve than conflicts between desirable alternatives (approach-approach conflicts). This difference in the difficulty of resolving approach-approach and avoidance-avoidance conflicts was suggested as a general law for human behavior, and subsequent research provided robust evidence to support it. Here we challenge this assertion. We argue that the difference in conflict resolution difficulty depends on the compatibility between the type of conflict (approach-approach vs. avoidance-avoidance) and the affective context (positive vs. negative) in which the conflict is being resolved. We report five studies. Data were collected from 2019 to 2021. In Studies 1-4, we presented participants with both conflict types, embedded in either a positive or a negative affective context. Across different designs and stimuli, and for both experienced difficulty and decision time, we found that in a positive affective context, avoidance-avoidance conflicts were more difficult to resolve than approach-approach conflicts; however, in a negative affective context, no difference between the conflict types was found. In Study 5, we added a neutral control condition to relate our findings to previous research, which did not manipulate the affective context. Taken together, our findings challenge a seminal motivational theory and show that choosing the lesser of two evils is not always more difficult than choosing the greater of two goods. Instead, the difference in conflict resolution difficulty depends on the affective context in which the choice is being made. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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