Emotion最新文献

{"title":"Bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and momentary well-being in young adults: Tackling methodological challenges by combining experience sampling methods with passive smartphone data.","authors":"Timon Elmer, Aurelio Fernández, Marie Stadel, Martien J H Kas, Anna M Langener","doi":"10.1037/emo0001485","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the pervasive role of smartphones in modern life, research into their impact on well-being has flourished. This study addresses existing methodological shortcomings using smartphone log data and experience sampling methods (ESM) to explore the bidirectional within-person relationship between smartphone usage and momentary well-being variables (i.e., affect valence, loneliness, positive affect, and negative affect). We further examine different categories of smartphone usage, namely, communication, social media, and other apps. We analyze three samples (<i>N</i>₁ = 225, <i>N</i>₂ = 17, <i>N</i>₃ = 13; with <i>T</i>₁ = 7,874, <i>T</i>₂ = 2,566, <i>T</i>₃ = 1,533 ESM reports) with multilevel models to test our preregistered hypotheses. Data for Sample I were collected in Spain in 2022 (82% female; <i>M</i>_age = 23.1). Samples II and III (80% female; <i>M</i>_age = 21.6) were collected in the Netherlands between 2021 and 2022. Our results suggest that smartphone usage within an hour before ESM assessment, especially using social media apps, is associated with reduced affect valence and increased loneliness on a within-person level. Loneliness was associated with more smartphone usage than usual, particularly the use of social media apps, within the hour following ESM assessments. However, overall, our findings indicate weak bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and indicators of momentary well-being (range standardized β = .00-.08). On the between-person level, those individuals generally high in loneliness were more affected in their momentary loneliness by prior social media use, suggesting a heightened social media sensitivity. The interplay between social media use and momentary loneliness should be studied in more detail, including contextual factors and experimental designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1065-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categorization processes in emotion expression recognition: The roles of language and essentialism.","authors":"Kaitlyn M McMullen, Alexandra MacVittie, Jessica S Leffers, Nicole Betz, Jolie B Wormwood","doi":"10.1037/emo0001483","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined categorical processing biases in the perception and recognition of facial expressions of emotion across two studies. In both studies, participants first learned to discriminate between two ambiguous facial expressions of emotion selected from the middle of a continuous array of blended expressions (i.e., an array created from morphing images of two facial expressions together, with still images selected in equidistant increments). Participants were then asked to recognize the specific expressions they were trained to discriminate. In Study 1, target expressions labeled with emotion words (e.g., more angry face) during discrimination and recognition tasks were misremembered as more perceptually distinct from one another and therefore more perceptually similar to the stereotypical expression for their labeled emotion category than they were in reality. Critically, in Study 2, these recognition biases were significantly reduced or absent in conditions where the target expressions were not labeled with emotion words (e.g., Face A), demonstrating the role of emotion words in promoting categorical processing biases in emotion recognition. Moreover, in the absence of emotion labels, peoples' beliefs about the nature of emotion categories were related to the extent to which they employed categorical processing during emotion perception and recognition. Specifically, people with more essentialist beliefs about emotion categories-believing emotion categories are more innate, biologically-based, and immutable-exhibited more pronounced categorical processing biases during emotion recognition. Findings shed light on the critical role of language and cognition in constructing emotion and add to empirical findings on categorical processing in emotion perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1151-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A positive empathy intervention to improve well-being on Instagram.","authors":"Gregory John Depow, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, Michael Inzlicht","doi":"10.1037/emo0001489","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With more than half the global population on social media, there is a critical need to understand how to engage it in a way that improves rather than worsens user well-being. Here, we show that positive empathy is a promising tool. Participants who received brief positive empathy instructions before 10 min of browsing their own Instagram feed showed greater affective well-being (Studies 1-4) and life satisfaction (Study 4) at posttest relative to participants who were instructed to browse as usual. The positive empathy intervention showed an average effect size on well-being of about a quarter of a standard deviation (mean Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.25). We included unique active control groups in each study. We found using positive empathy on social media was about as beneficial to well-being as watching a nature video (Study 1, N = 298) and was better than instructions to focus on positive content (Study 2, <i>N</i> = 302), empathize with all emotions (Study 3, <i>N</i> = 301), or reappraise one's own emotions (Study 4, <i>N</i> = 426). We used structural equation modeling to demonstrate the effect of the intervention on subjective well-being is mediated by changes in positive emotion sharing, appreciative joy, and self-compassion. These experiences form a latent factor we term positive empathy. Our results show that a brief intervention successfully manipulates positive empathy on Instagram, which increases well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful mood repair in the laboratory predicts successful mood repair in daily life for typical but not for depression-prone young adults.","authors":"Shimrit Daches, Andrew J Seidman, Lauren M Bylsma, Charles J George, Enikő Kiss, Krisztina Kapornai, Ildikó Baji, Maria Kovacs","doi":"10.1037/emo0001469","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successful mood repair (i.e., attenuating sad, dysphoric affect) is a critical form of emotion regulation that is necessary for healthy functioning. Laboratory-based studies have examined how well individuals can reduce sadness and how this process is affected by psychopathology like depression and cognitive mechanisms like attentional control. However, the extent to which laboratory-based findings inform about the regulation of sadness in daily life is unknown. To examine the ecological validity of laboratory-based mood repair paradigms, we compared mood repair success in the laboratory and daily life (assessed via ecological momentary assessment) among young adults remitted from depression (<i>n</i> = 126) and those never depressed (<i>n</i> = 104). Participants completed an experimental mood repair task followed by a 7-day ecological momentary assessment protocol during which they reported the responses they used to regulate sadness throughout the day. We expected that history of diagnosed depression and attentional control (assessed via a self-report questionnaire) would moderate the relationship between mood repair success in the two settings. Overall, more successful mood repair in the laboratory predicted more successful mood repair in daily life, supporting the ecological validity of laboratory-based information about affective processes. Depression history (but not attentional control) moderated this relationship: Mood repair in the laboratory predicted mood repair in daily life among never-depressed participants, while the association was only at a trend level among those with remitted depression. Thus, the findings raise questions about how the laboratory-based mood repair performance of depression-prone individuals can inform depression-focused conceptual and treatment development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1349-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working through emotions: Sadness predicts social engagement and physiologic linkage for men and disengagement for women in dyadic interactions.","authors":"Kareena S Del Rosario, Tessa V West, Erika H Siegel, Wendy Berry Mendes","doi":"10.1037/emo0001490","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether sadness leaves an \"emotional residue\" by inducing sadness in one individual and testing its transfer to an unaware new acquaintance. Participants (<i>N</i> = 230; 115 dyads) completed cooperative tasks in same-gender dyads. Before meeting, participants recalled a personal event. In half the dyads, one participant (sad actor) recalled a sad event, while their partner (sad-paired partner) recalled a neutral event. In control dyads, both participants recalled neutral events. We examined self-reported emotions, affective language, behavior, and measures of sympathetic arousal to capture physiologic linkage-the degree to which one partner's physiology at one moment, predicted their partner's physiology the next moment. Men in the sad actor condition exhibited greater engagement (smiled more, gestured more) and their partners showed stronger physiologic linkage than men in the control condition. Conversely, women in the sad actor condition were less expressive than women in the control condition (smiled less), and their partners showed weaker physiologic linkage to them compared to dyads in the control condition. These findings have important implications for how men and women regulate negative affect and respond to others' affective cues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1256-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How aware are people of their current affect? A physiology-based investigation of affective awareness.","authors":"Christoph Heine, Michael Dufner","doi":"10.1037/emo0001487","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assumption that people differ in <i>affective awareness</i> (i.e., the extent to which a person's subjective affective experience matches their affective bodily state) is central to emotional competence. To test this assumption empirically, we used a physiology-based approach to investigate individual differences in affective awareness. Participants (<i>N</i> = 255) viewed 76 pictures with affective content and rated their experienced affect. Facial muscle activity during picture presentation was assessed via electromyography (EMG) as a direct physiological measure of affective reactions. We used a multilevel model to quantify affective awareness as the strength of the intraindividual relationship between a person's EMG reactions and affect ratings. This relationship was positive on average and differed significantly between participants. These individual differences in affective awareness were reliable and stable over time. Affective awareness was higher for women than for men and went along with generally strong affective EMG reactivity and better socioemotional abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1195-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary continuities and discontinuities in affective voice signaling.","authors":"Sascha Frühholz, Joris Dietziker, Matthias Staib, Marine Bobin, Florence Steiner","doi":"10.1037/emo0001484","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Affective voice signaling has significant biological and social relevance across various species, and different affective signaling types have emerged through the evolution of voice communication. These types range from basic affective voice bursts and nonverbal affective up to affective intonations superimposed on speech utterances in humans in the form of paraverbal prosodic patterns. These different types of affective signaling should have evolved to be acoustically and perceptually distinctive, allowing accurate and nuanced affective communication. It might be assumed that affect signaling is most effective and distinctive in affective prosody as the presumably most recently evolved form of acoustic voice signaling. We investigated and compared two signaling types in human voice communication with different evolutionary backgrounds, referred to as nonverbal affect signals (shared across many species) and affective prosody (being exclusive in humans). We found, first, that various basic affect categories seem to be distinctively encoded in both signal types, but there seems minimal continuity in the acoustic code from nonverbal affect signals to affective prosody and vice versa. Second, we found that decoding affective meaning seems considerably impaired from affective prosody. Many positive affect signals and especially vocal disgust showed extreme decoding impairments from affective prosody, with speech acoustics probably constraining affect encoding in prosody to a considerable degree. Only the recognizability of voice signals of threat seems to be largely preserved in affective prosody. In conclusion, it points to considerable discontinuities between nonverbal and paraverbal affect signals, which questions the evolutionary precursors of human affect signaling in voice communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1079-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay between stress-is-enhancing mindsets, emotional growth mindsets, and mental health: Dynamic structural equation modeling.","authors":"Jun Hu, Huiqing Huang, Qianqian Ju, Xuebing Wu, Binghui Li, Yueqin Hu, Yiqun Gan","doi":"10.1037/emo0001488","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress must not be avoided unilaterally because adaptive mindsets toward stress and stress-induced emotions are associated with better mental health outcomes. However, few studies have explored the reciprocal relationships between adaptive mindsets and mental health. This study assessed the role of trait-level stress-is-enhancing mindsets in the dynamic interplay between emotional growth mindsets and mental health in real-life contexts. Using ecological momentary assessment, 196 participants recorded daily stressful events, emotional growth mindsets following these events, depression and life satisfaction four times daily over 10-12 days, after completing baseline measures of stress-is-enhancing mindsets. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine the cross-lagged associations between daily emotional growth mindsets and mental health indicators and to investigate the moderating role of stress-is-enhancing mindsets in these relationships. The findings suggest that increased emotional growth mindsets predict decreased depressive symptoms and elevated life satisfaction on the next occasion. Moreover, heightened levels of life satisfaction predict subsequent increases in the emotional growth mindsets. In tandem with the principal findings, this study underscores that the inverse link between preceding depressive symptoms and subsequent emotional growth mindsets, as well as the positive association between life satisfaction and subsequent emotional growth mindsets, is amplified for individuals endorsing higher stress-is-enhancing mindsets. These findings have noteworthy clinical implications since interventions geared toward fostering adaptive mindsets have the potential to simultaneously mitigate vulnerability to depression and amplify life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1185-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrinsic emotion regulation: Exploring strategies used by individuals with high and low depression symptoms.","authors":"Atheer Massarwe, Noga Cohen","doi":"10.1037/emo0001486","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotions play a significant role in well-being and interpersonal relationships. The presence of others is indispensable in facilitating the regulation of an individual's emotions. Despite extensive research on intrinsic emotion regulation strategies, the specific strategies employed during extrinsic emotion regulation (EER), particularly among individuals with depression, remain underexplored. In this study, conducted in 2020, we investigated the EER strategies used by individuals with low and high depression symptoms and whether EER is beneficial to their well-being. A total of 130 individuals (48 with high and 82 with low depression symptoms) participated in the study. Participants provided written support letters in response to six negative emotional vignettes. The supportive letters were coded for four EER strategies: acceptance, reappraisal, empathic responding, and problem solving. The results revealed significant differences in EER strategy use between the groups. Participants with high depression symptoms were more likely to use acceptance, while those with low depression symptoms were more likely to use empathic responses. Contrary to our predictions, no significant group differences were found in the use of reappraisal and problem solving. Both groups reported increased positive affect and decreased negative affect after providing support, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of EER across different levels of depression symptoms. These findings highlight the distinct EER strategies adopted by depressed individuals and underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance interpersonal emotion regulation skills. Understanding the differential use of EER strategies can inform the development of effective interventions aimed at improving both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional regulation in individuals with depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1360-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of pre- and intratask emotional experiences on affective working memory maintenance.","authors":"Nour Kardosh, Christian E Waugh, Joseph A Mikels, Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1037/emo0001464","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in <i>Emotion</i> on Jun 30 2025 (see record 2026-35177-001). In the original article, there was an error in the Study 1 Method section regarding the duration of the distraction task. Under the Procedure heading in the Study 1 Method section, the sentence \"After signing the consent form, participants completed the AWM task and a 2-min distraction task, in order to mitigate the memory effects on posttask ratings\" should have said \"After signing the consent form, participants completed the AWM task and a 3-min distraction task, in order to mitigate the memory effects on posttask ratings.\" The findings and conclusions of the article remain unchanged.] In two studies conducted in 2022, we examined the effect of images that elicit incidental emotions and the timing of exposure to these images, on the maintenance of positive and negative emotions in affective working memory (AWM). In Study 1, participants viewed a negative, positive, or neutral image while maintaining the emotional intensity of positive or negative emotions in AWM (intratrial). The results showed that experiencing a negative or positive incidental emotion (but not neutral states) improved the maintenance of negative (but not positive) emotions induced by another stimulus. In Study 2, participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions. In the first condition, they viewed an emotion-eliciting image while maintaining an emotion elicited by a different image (replicating Study 1). In the second condition, they viewed the emotion-eliciting image before maintaining an emotion elicited by a different image. The results replicated those of Study 1 and showed that the timing of experiencing the incidental emotion (before or during the task) did not affect AWM. They also suggest that maintenance of negative emotions increases irrespective of the emotional context surrounding them. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights into the role of emotional contexts in intensifying negative emotions, potentially guiding future research on interventions designed to modulate negative emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1095-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}