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The ubiquity of long-tail lie distributions: seven studies from five continents 无处不在的长尾谎言分布:来自五大洲的七项研究
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad040
Kim B Serota, Timothy R Levine, Liza Zvi, David M Markowitz, Tony Docan-Morgan
{"title":"The ubiquity of long-tail lie distributions: seven studies from five continents","authors":"Kim B Serota, Timothy R Levine, Liza Zvi, David M Markowitz, Tony Docan-Morgan","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Truth-default theory (TDT), a theory of human deception and deception detection, has two propositions that focus on the overall rate of lying and individual variation in the frequency of lying behavior. The distribution of lie prevalence is specified to exhibit a non-normal, positively skewed distribution in which the majority of people are normatively honest, and most lies are told by a few prolific liars. Together, these predictions form the few prolific liars modules in TDT. Although the findings of prior research align with TDT predictions, the pan-cultural scope of TDT warrants testing such predictions with new and diverse samples. The current studies (total N = 3,463) sampled participants from China, Germany, Mexico, Israel, Kenya, Russia, and Brazil. Similar long-tail distributions were observed in each of the seven locations, and in language and cultural subsamples. These findings add to a growing empirical literature providing pan-cultural evidence consistent with TDT.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"17 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of animated Sci-Fi characters’ racial presentation on narrative engagement, wishful identification, and physical activity intention among children 科幻动画角色的种族表现对儿童叙事投入、一厢情愿认同和体育活动意愿的影响
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad030
Amy Shirong Lu, Melanie C Green, Dar Alon
{"title":"The effect of animated Sci-Fi characters’ racial presentation on narrative engagement, wishful identification, and physical activity intention among children","authors":"Amy Shirong Lu, Melanie C Green, Dar Alon","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Characters play an integral role in animated narratives, but their visual racial presentation has received limited attention. A diverse group of U.S. children watched a 15-min physical activity-promoting animated Sci-Fi narrative. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, which varied the lead characters’ racial presentation: realistic racially unambiguous (Original: White children, Black mother), realistic racially ambiguous (Ambiguous: All with brown skin without specified race/ethnicity), and fantastical racially ambiguous (Fantastical: All with brown skin with fantastical hair-and-eye color schemes). We assessed narrative engagement, wishful identification, and physical activity intention. Controlling for social desirability and multigroup ethnic identity, children who watched Fantastical characters showed significantly higher narrative engagement than those who watched Original characters, but they did not statistically differ from those who watched Ambiguous characters. Structural equation modeling indicated that narrative engagement and wishful identification fully mediated the racial representation effect (Fantastical vs. Original) on physical activity intention.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contextualizing communication for digital innovation and the future of work 数字化创新和未来工作的语境化沟通
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad031
Jiawei Sophia Fu, Joshua B Barbour
{"title":"Contextualizing communication for digital innovation and the future of work","authors":"Jiawei Sophia Fu, Joshua B Barbour","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad031","url":null,"abstract":"Digital innovation is the future of work. The ongoing and interlinked transformation of digital technologies, work, communication, and organizing raises important theoretical questions. Integrating recombination-based innovation theory and institutional theory of communication, this article contributes a novel framework that specifies the theoretical linkages between macro-level institutions and digital innovation: Social actors negotiate tensions arising from multiple institutional logics through (a) attention allocation; (b) sensemaking; and (c) external, boundary-spanning networking. The framework can advance the study of communication by (a) reconciling conflicting and inconclusive empirical findings; (b) targeting research efforts; and (c) responding to critiques of communication scholarship as failing to address social contexts. By focusing on digital innovation and the interplay between societal structures and communicative action in shaping it, this article advances scholarly discussions on the future of work, conceptualizing digital innovation as an institutional as well as communicative accomplishment.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why we fight: investigating the moral appeals in terrorist propaganda, their predictors, and their association with attack severity 我们为什么要战斗:调查恐怖主义宣传中的道德诉求，它们的预测因素，以及它们与袭击严重程度的关系
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad029
Lindsay Hahn, Katherine Schibler, Tahleen A Lattimer, Zena Toh, Alexandra Vuich, Raphaela Velho, Kevin Kryston, John O’Leary, Sihan Chen
{"title":"Why we fight: investigating the moral appeals in terrorist propaganda, their predictors, and their association with attack severity","authors":"Lindsay Hahn, Katherine Schibler, Tahleen A Lattimer, Zena Toh, Alexandra Vuich, Raphaela Velho, Kevin Kryston, John O’Leary, Sihan Chen","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad029","url":null,"abstract":"How do terrorists persuade otherwise decent citizens to join their violent causes? Guided by early mass communication research investigating propaganda’s efficacy and the model of intuitive morality and exemplars, we investigated the persuasive moral appeals employed by terrorist organizations known to be successful at recruiting others to their causes. We compiled a database of N = 873 propaganda items created by N = 73 violent terrorist organizations and content analyzed the moral appeals emphasized in each. Results revealed that terrorist groups’ ideologies and motivations predicted the moral values they emphasized in their propaganda, and that ingroup loyalty and fairness appeals featured prominently across all propaganda. Terrorist groups’ emphasis on purity in their propaganda was positively correlated with their attack frequency and with the number of human casualties they caused worldwide and in the USA. Terrorists’ emphasis on ingroup loyalty in propaganda was also positively correlated with the number of US human casualties they caused. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the consistency of fact-checking in political debates 评估政治辩论中事实核查的一致性
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad028
Thales Lelo
{"title":"Assessing the consistency of fact-checking in political debates","authors":"Thales Lelo","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the scholarly literature on journalism and political communication, there has been an expectation that fact-checkers would play an important role in ensuring democratic accountability, especially during pivotal political moments. This piece scrutinizes the level of agreement between five Brazilian fact-checking groups and the reasons for divergences in their verdicts during the presidential debates of the 2022 campaign. The emphasis is on claims checked by two or more organizations. Through a mixed-methods approach, it shows a widespread lack of consistency among fact-checkers, which is explained by their conflicting methods and interpretations of candidates’ words. This study adds to the existing scholarship by challenging the dominant framework on fact-checking, putting into question its democracy-building role in critical circumstances, as well as the epistemology it relies on to assess the veracity of political discourse. Complementary, it introduces a valuable methodology for studying the rationale underlying fact-checking ratings.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black issue publics online: securing political knowledge through selective exposure 在线黑人问题公众:通过选择性曝光获取政治知识
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad027
Mona S Kleinberg
{"title":"Black issue publics online: securing political knowledge through selective exposure","authors":"Mona S Kleinberg","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Political knowledge is fundamental to democratic politics. I develop a group-centered theory of political knowledge acquisition in the current media environment, which includes both high- and low-choice media, in this article. I argue that group identity prompts selective exposure to media content, which gives rise to specialized group-relevant political knowledge. This specialized knowledge is deeply relevant to the group and cannot be measured with indicators of general political knowledge. I show that selective exposure is the crucial mechanism facilitating specialized knowledge: Both selective exposure to Black-oriented content and use of high-choice media (the Internet) increase group-relevant knowledge among Black issue publics. This research speaks to scholarship examining the role of digital media in democratic politics and illustrates that the affordances of the Internet, and particularly selective exposure, are crucial to marginalized groups, who do not see their interests represented in mainstream media content, but who can access such information online.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136143599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phenomenology of the Turing test: a Levinasian perspective 图灵测试的现象学:列文的观点
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad026
Matthew S Lindia
{"title":"Phenomenology of the Turing test: a Levinasian perspective","authors":"Matthew S Lindia","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad026","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the Turing test as a problem of communication, particularly by asking how the language of artificial intelligence (AI) appears to human experience in comparison to the language of the Other. This question is approached through Levinas’ philosophy, by considering the possibility of AI as an absolute alterity, rather than reducing its alterity to the Same. This perspective diverges from traditional accounts of AI, which are more concerned with identifying structures of consciousness in the machine that are analogous to those evident in firsthand experience. This article asks how exactly AI appears to human consciousness, and whether this appearance precludes the appearance of AI as a thinking-being. In the final analysis, the author argues that AI diverges from Levinas’ understanding of alterity, which centers around the exteriority of the Other. The alterity of AI, in contrast, centers around anteriority, defined as the appearance of language's origin-in-itself.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race and gender intertwined: why intersecting identities matter for perceptions of incivility and content moderation on social media 种族和性别交织在一起:为什么交叉的身份对社交媒体上的不文明和内容节制的看法很重要
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad023
Ian Hawkins, Jessica Roden, Miriam Attal, Haleemah Aqel
{"title":"Race and gender intertwined: why intersecting identities matter for perceptions of incivility and content moderation on social media","authors":"Ian Hawkins, Jessica Roden, Miriam Attal, Haleemah Aqel","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad023","url":null,"abstract":"Social media users often push back against harmful rhetoric with satirical and aggressive counterspeech. How do the interconnected race and gender identities of the person posting counterspeech and the person viewing it impact evaluations of the comment? Across two online experiments, we manipulate the race (Black or White) and gender (man or woman) of an individual whose tweet opposes ignorance about White privilege to examine if identity influences perceptions of incivility and intentions to flag the tweet for removal among Black and White men and women participants. Results demonstrate White men were most likely to find the tweet uncivil and report it, and this was especially the case when the tweet came from a Black woman, regardless of the tone. These studies highlight the importance of recognizing power and intersectionality in social media content moderation and creating policies that counteract the uniquely severe treatment of Black women by White men.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Is artificial intelligence more persuasive than humans? A meta-analysis 人工智能比人类更有说服力吗?一个荟萃分析
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad024
Guanxiong Huang, Sai Wang
{"title":"Is artificial intelligence more persuasive than humans? A meta-analysis","authors":"Guanxiong Huang, Sai Wang","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad024","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has enabled AI agents to take on various roles as communicators, such as virtual assistants, robot journalists, and AI doctors. This study meta-analyzed 121 randomized experimental studies (N = 53,977) that compared the effects of AI and human agency on persuasion outcomes, including perceptions, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. The results showed that AI agents were as persuasive as humans in terms of overall persuasion outcomes. With regard to different types of outcomes, AI was less effective than humans at shaping behavioral intentions, but did not differ significantly from humans in eliciting perceptions, attitudes, or actual behaviors. Additionally, heterogeneous patterns were observed for different roles of AI communicators, directions of communication, experimental settings, and demographic segments. The implications of these findings for human–machine communication and persuasion in the era of AI are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"9 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Curbing the decline of local news by building relationships with the audience 通过与受众建立关系，遏制地方新闻的衰落
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad018
Natalie Jomini Stroud, Emily Van Duyn
{"title":"Curbing the decline of local news by building relationships with the audience","authors":"Natalie Jomini Stroud, Emily Van Duyn","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad018","url":null,"abstract":"In the struggle to find sustainable business models, many local news sites have turned to engaged journalism, which draws from social exchange theory and aims to build relationships with audiences. The causal impact of these initiatives is unclear, but important given that local news sites are critical information sources and face dire economic situations. In this study, 20 news sites were randomly assigned to launch a six-month engaged journalism initiative where journalists reported on audience questions or to continue their current practices. Although not a panacea, over time traffic and subscription data and a two-wave survey of audience members across the sites (n = 3,998) show that the initiative resulted in more subscriptions and more positive audience evaluations. The results highlight the applicability of social exchange theory to questions of local news viability and illustrate that engaged journalism can improve relationships between newsrooms and the communities they serve.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"9 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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