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Why we fight: investigating the moral appeals in terrorist propaganda, their predictors, and their association with attack severity 我们为什么要战斗:调查恐怖主义宣传中的道德诉求，它们的预测因素，以及它们与袭击严重程度的关系
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad029
Lindsay Hahn, Katherine Schibler, Tahleen A Lattimer, Zena Toh, Alexandra Vuich, Raphaela Velho, Kevin Kryston, John O’Leary, Sihan Chen
{"title":"Why we fight: investigating the moral appeals in terrorist propaganda, their predictors, and their association with attack severity","authors":"Lindsay Hahn, Katherine Schibler, Tahleen A Lattimer, Zena Toh, Alexandra Vuich, Raphaela Velho, Kevin Kryston, John O’Leary, Sihan Chen","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad029","url":null,"abstract":"How do terrorists persuade otherwise decent citizens to join their violent causes? Guided by early mass communication research investigating propaganda’s efficacy and the model of intuitive morality and exemplars, we investigated the persuasive moral appeals employed by terrorist organizations known to be successful at recruiting others to their causes. We compiled a database of N = 873 propaganda items created by N = 73 violent terrorist organizations and content analyzed the moral appeals emphasized in each. Results revealed that terrorist groups’ ideologies and motivations predicted the moral values they emphasized in their propaganda, and that ingroup loyalty and fairness appeals featured prominently across all propaganda. Terrorist groups’ emphasis on purity in their propaganda was positively correlated with their attack frequency and with the number of human casualties they caused worldwide and in the USA. Terrorists’ emphasis on ingroup loyalty in propaganda was also positively correlated with the number of US human casualties they caused. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the consistency of fact-checking in political debates 评估政治辩论中事实核查的一致性
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad028
Thales Lelo
{"title":"Assessing the consistency of fact-checking in political debates","authors":"Thales Lelo","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the scholarly literature on journalism and political communication, there has been an expectation that fact-checkers would play an important role in ensuring democratic accountability, especially during pivotal political moments. This piece scrutinizes the level of agreement between five Brazilian fact-checking groups and the reasons for divergences in their verdicts during the presidential debates of the 2022 campaign. The emphasis is on claims checked by two or more organizations. Through a mixed-methods approach, it shows a widespread lack of consistency among fact-checkers, which is explained by their conflicting methods and interpretations of candidates’ words. This study adds to the existing scholarship by challenging the dominant framework on fact-checking, putting into question its democracy-building role in critical circumstances, as well as the epistemology it relies on to assess the veracity of political discourse. Complementary, it introduces a valuable methodology for studying the rationale underlying fact-checking ratings.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black issue publics online: securing political knowledge through selective exposure 在线黑人问题公众:通过选择性曝光获取政治知识
1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad027
Mona S Kleinberg
{"title":"Black issue publics online: securing political knowledge through selective exposure","authors":"Mona S Kleinberg","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Political knowledge is fundamental to democratic politics. I develop a group-centered theory of political knowledge acquisition in the current media environment, which includes both high- and low-choice media, in this article. I argue that group identity prompts selective exposure to media content, which gives rise to specialized group-relevant political knowledge. This specialized knowledge is deeply relevant to the group and cannot be measured with indicators of general political knowledge. I show that selective exposure is the crucial mechanism facilitating specialized knowledge: Both selective exposure to Black-oriented content and use of high-choice media (the Internet) increase group-relevant knowledge among Black issue publics. This research speaks to scholarship examining the role of digital media in democratic politics and illustrates that the affordances of the Internet, and particularly selective exposure, are crucial to marginalized groups, who do not see their interests represented in mainstream media content, but who can access such information online.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136143599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phenomenology of the Turing test: a Levinasian perspective 图灵测试的现象学:列文的观点
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad026
Matthew S Lindia
{"title":"Phenomenology of the Turing test: a Levinasian perspective","authors":"Matthew S Lindia","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad026","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the Turing test as a problem of communication, particularly by asking how the language of artificial intelligence (AI) appears to human experience in comparison to the language of the Other. This question is approached through Levinas’ philosophy, by considering the possibility of AI as an absolute alterity, rather than reducing its alterity to the Same. This perspective diverges from traditional accounts of AI, which are more concerned with identifying structures of consciousness in the machine that are analogous to those evident in firsthand experience. This article asks how exactly AI appears to human consciousness, and whether this appearance precludes the appearance of AI as a thinking-being. In the final analysis, the author argues that AI diverges from Levinas’ understanding of alterity, which centers around the exteriority of the Other. The alterity of AI, in contrast, centers around anteriority, defined as the appearance of language's origin-in-itself.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race and gender intertwined: why intersecting identities matter for perceptions of incivility and content moderation on social media 种族和性别交织在一起:为什么交叉的身份对社交媒体上的不文明和内容节制的看法很重要
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad023
Ian Hawkins, Jessica Roden, Miriam Attal, Haleemah Aqel
{"title":"Race and gender intertwined: why intersecting identities matter for perceptions of incivility and content moderation on social media","authors":"Ian Hawkins, Jessica Roden, Miriam Attal, Haleemah Aqel","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad023","url":null,"abstract":"Social media users often push back against harmful rhetoric with satirical and aggressive counterspeech. How do the interconnected race and gender identities of the person posting counterspeech and the person viewing it impact evaluations of the comment? Across two online experiments, we manipulate the race (Black or White) and gender (man or woman) of an individual whose tweet opposes ignorance about White privilege to examine if identity influences perceptions of incivility and intentions to flag the tweet for removal among Black and White men and women participants. Results demonstrate White men were most likely to find the tweet uncivil and report it, and this was especially the case when the tweet came from a Black woman, regardless of the tone. These studies highlight the importance of recognizing power and intersectionality in social media content moderation and creating policies that counteract the uniquely severe treatment of Black women by White men.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Is artificial intelligence more persuasive than humans? A meta-analysis 人工智能比人类更有说服力吗?一个荟萃分析
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad024
Guanxiong Huang, Sai Wang
{"title":"Is artificial intelligence more persuasive than humans? A meta-analysis","authors":"Guanxiong Huang, Sai Wang","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad024","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has enabled AI agents to take on various roles as communicators, such as virtual assistants, robot journalists, and AI doctors. This study meta-analyzed 121 randomized experimental studies (N = 53,977) that compared the effects of AI and human agency on persuasion outcomes, including perceptions, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. The results showed that AI agents were as persuasive as humans in terms of overall persuasion outcomes. With regard to different types of outcomes, AI was less effective than humans at shaping behavioral intentions, but did not differ significantly from humans in eliciting perceptions, attitudes, or actual behaviors. Additionally, heterogeneous patterns were observed for different roles of AI communicators, directions of communication, experimental settings, and demographic segments. The implications of these findings for human–machine communication and persuasion in the era of AI are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"9 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Curbing the decline of local news by building relationships with the audience 通过与受众建立关系，遏制地方新闻的衰落
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad018
Natalie Jomini Stroud, Emily Van Duyn
{"title":"Curbing the decline of local news by building relationships with the audience","authors":"Natalie Jomini Stroud, Emily Van Duyn","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad018","url":null,"abstract":"In the struggle to find sustainable business models, many local news sites have turned to engaged journalism, which draws from social exchange theory and aims to build relationships with audiences. The causal impact of these initiatives is unclear, but important given that local news sites are critical information sources and face dire economic situations. In this study, 20 news sites were randomly assigned to launch a six-month engaged journalism initiative where journalists reported on audience questions or to continue their current practices. Although not a panacea, over time traffic and subscription data and a two-wave survey of audience members across the sites (n = 3,998) show that the initiative resulted in more subscriptions and more positive audience evaluations. The results highlight the applicability of social exchange theory to questions of local news viability and illustrate that engaged journalism can improve relationships between newsrooms and the communities they serve.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"9 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modulating moderation: a history of objectionability in Twitter moderation practices 调节适度:推特适度实践中令人反感的历史
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad015
Emillie de Keulenaar, João C Magalhães, Bharath Ganesh
{"title":"Modulating moderation: a history of objectionability in Twitter moderation practices","authors":"Emillie de Keulenaar, João C Magalhães, Bharath Ganesh","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad015","url":null,"abstract":"With their power to shape public discourse under unprecedented scrutiny, social media platforms have revamped their speech control practices in recent years by building complex systems of content moderation. The contours of this tectonic shift are relatively clear. Yet, little work has systematically documented, examined, and theorized this process. This article uses digital methods and web history to trace the evolution of objectionable content on Twitter content moderation policies and practices between 2006 and 2022. Its conclusions suggest that, more than abandoning an Americanized view of freedom of speech, Twitter has aimed at building a crisis-resistant speech architecture that can withstand external shocks, criticisms, and shifting speech norms. This kind of modulated moderation, as we term it, hinges on a form of normative plasticity, whose goal is not necessarily adjudicating content as more or less acceptable, but moderating it on the basis of evolving and ever contingent public conceptions of objectionability.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Computationally modeling mood management theory: a drift-diffusion model of people’s preferential choice for valence and arousal in media 情绪管理理论的计算建模:媒介中人们对效价和唤醒的偏好选择的漂移-扩散模型
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad020
Xuanjun Gong, Richard Huskey, Allison Eden, Ezgi Ulusoy
{"title":"Computationally modeling mood management theory: a drift-diffusion model of people’s preferential choice for valence and arousal in media","authors":"Xuanjun Gong, Richard Huskey, Allison Eden, Ezgi Ulusoy","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad020","url":null,"abstract":"Mood management theory (MMT) hypothesizes that people select entertainment content to maintain affective homeostasis. However, this hypothesis lacks a formal quantification of each affective attributes’ separate impact on an individual’s media content selection, as well as an integrated cognitive mechanism explaining media selection. Here we present a computational decision-making model that mathematically formalizes this affective media decision-making process. We empirically tested this formalization with the drift-diffusion model using three decision-making experiments. Contrary to MMT, all three studies showed that people prefer negatively valenced and high-arousal media content and that prevailing mood does not shape media selection as predicted by MMT. We also discovered that people are less cautious when choices have larger valence differences. Our results support the proposed mathematical formalization of affective attributes’ influence on media selection, challenge core predictions drawn from MMT, and introduce a new mechanism (response caution) for media selection.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivations underlying Latino Americans’ group-based social media engagement 拉丁裔美国人基于群体的社交媒体参与背后的动机
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqad013
Muniba Saleem, Dana Mastro, Meagan Docherty
{"title":"Motivations underlying Latino Americans’ group-based social media engagement","authors":"Muniba Saleem, Dana Mastro, Meagan Docherty","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqad013","url":null,"abstract":"Guided by the Social Identity Model of Collective Action, the current research utilizes a three-wave longitudinal study collected pre and post the 2020 U.S. Presidential election to examine the motivations underlying Latino Americans’ group-based social media engagement (N = 1,050). Results revealed that Time 1 group (Latino) identity increased Time 2 perceptions of social media as efficacious in improving group outcomes, which in turn increased Time 3 group-based social media engagement. Although T1 Latino identification was not significantly associated with T2 perceptions of personal or group-based injustice, the former (but not the latter) increased T3 group-based social media engagement. Our findings reflect that marginalized group members engage with social media in part because they believe it is efficacious in improving their disadvantageous group status. This may be an especially attractive strategy for those who face individual experiences of unjust treatment.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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