Journal of Applied Social Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Social Identification in Times of Crisis: How Need to Belong, Perspective Taking, and Cognitive Closure Relate to Changes in Social Identification","authors":"Franziska Julia Till,&nbsp;Julia Heimrich,&nbsp;Svenja B. Frenzel,&nbsp;Rolf van Dick,&nbsp;Andreas Mojzisch,&nbsp;Nina M. Junker,&nbsp;Jan A. Häusser","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a world shaped by global crises—from pandemics to international armed conflicts to an escalating climate crisis—research into human reactions to and coping with uncertainty is becoming increasingly important. The fundamental role of identification with social groups in maintaining well-being during times of threat has been emphasized. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between interindividual differences— need to belong, perspective taking, need for cognitive closure—and changes in social identification. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a two-wave online study with a sample of 1008 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined changes in social identification in narrow social groups (i.e., family, friends, neighbors) and broader social categories (i.e., own country, Europe, humanity). We found an overall increase in social identification in times of crises across all groups. The results show that need to belong (at Time 1) was positively related to increases in social identification (at Time 2) for all groups, while the positive association between perspective taking (at Time 1) and increases in social identification (at Time 2) was observed for almost all groups except neighbors. Contrary to our expectations, however, the need for cognitive closure (at Time 1) showed no association with changes in identification with any social group (at Time 2). These findings emphasize the importance of interindividual differences for our understanding of changes in social identification over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"38-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Exposure to Conflict-Related Violence Associated With Less Intergroup Empathy? The Moderating Role of Ideology","authors":"Anat Ruhrman,&nbsp;Ruthie Pliskin,&nbsp;Eric Shuman,&nbsp;Jojanneke van der Toorn,&nbsp;Eran Halperin","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to conflict-related violence is one of the most harmful consequences of living amidst a violent intergroup conflict. While its potential significance is profound, the impact of exposure to conflict-related violence on intergroup empathy remains largely unexplored. The current paper aims to address this gap by proposing political ideology as a potential moderator of the exposure-empathy link. Three studies conducted among Jewish-Israeli participants reveal an interactive effect of exposure to conflict-related violence and political ideology on intergroup empathy. In Study 1, high (vs. low) exposure to conflict-related violence was associated with decreased empathy among rightists—but increased empathy among leftists—towards individual outgroup members. In Study 2, political ideology also moderated the exposure-empathy relationship: Bereaved (vs. non-bereaved) rightists exhibited significantly less intergroup empathy towards both an individual bereaved outgroup member and the outgroup as a whole, an effect not found among leftists. Study 3 revealed a similar, albeit marginally significant, interactive effect of exposure to conflict-related violence and political ideology on empathy towards individuals living in a <i>different</i> violent conflict. Finally, an internal meta-analysis provided further, more robust evidence for these effects. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of the findings and suggest future directions for research on this important issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 12","pages":"787-801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For the Greater Good: When Visionary Leadership Fosters Follower Moral Elevation and Unethical Prosocial Behavior","authors":"Martin Buss,&nbsp;Eric Kearney","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While previous research has mostly focused on visionary leadership's positive effects, real-world examples suggest that such leadership might sometimes also cause followers to engage in unethical prosocial behavior to contribute to a vision's noble cause. However, the process and the conditions under which this occurs are poorly understood. We draw on the theory of motivated moral reasoning to argue that visionary leadership promotes follower moral elevation and, in turn, follower unethical prosocial behavior, but that this effect is contingent on the follower's dispositional tendency for perspective-taking. In two experimental studies, we show that visionary leadership only has a positive effect on unethical prosocial behavior through moral elevation among followers with a high dispositional tendency for perspective-taking. Our work identifies the specific mechanism through which visionary leadership is related to unethical prosocial behavior as well as an important boundary condition of this effect. Moreover, it integrates the respective literatures on visionary leadership, moral emotions, and moral judgment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social identity in environmental protection engagement: How are different kinds of identity related to different types of engagement?","authors":"Barbara Hrabetz,&nbsp;Elisabeth Barbara Kraus,&nbsp;Hans Gruber","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social approaches can contribute to clarifying environmental issues. For instance, social identity theory can help to comprehend people's motivations for getting involved in environmental protection. However, the kind of social identity best suited for predicting environmental protection engagement remains unclear. This study examines different categories of social identity in relation to different types of environmental protection engagement. The predictive power of identification with environmentalists, as well as with politicized and non-politicized environmental groups, are considered separately. Furthermore, environmental protection engagement is divided into pro-environmental behavior and two different demanding forms of pro-environmental collective action—participatory environmental action and leadership environmental action. Data collected online from 985 respondents involved in environmental protection were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that while environmental group identification was not significantly related to any kind of environmental protection engagement, environmentalist identification emerged as a predictor of participatory environmental action, leadership environmental action and pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, these connections were stronger for participants belonging to a politicized environmental group than for those belonging to a non-politicized environmental group and those not belonging to any environmental group. These results support and extend previous findings on the role of social identity in pro-environmental collective action and pro-environmental behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 12","pages":"776-786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wealth inequality and community vitality in the aftermath of the Australian “Black Summer” bushfires","authors":"Michael Dare,&nbsp;Jolanda Jetten,&nbsp;Charlie R. Crimston,&nbsp;Hema P. Selvanathan","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the adverse impact of community-level wealth inequality in the aftermath of a natural disaster, and explores the role of community strength (i.e., community identification, cohesion, and identity continuity) in potentially mitigating these negative effects. Using geo-targeted survey data from communities affected by the 2019/2020 Black Summer Bushfires in Australia (<i>N</i> = 363), we found that greater perceived wealth inequality was associated with lower confidence that the community would make necessary changes to meet the threat of future bushfires, lower collective efficacy regarding future bushfires, and lower anticipated quality of life. However, we also found evidence some of these adverse effects were attenuated among those who reported higher levels of community identification and community cohesion. This study illustrates that problems posed by wealth inequality extend to the context of disaster recovery and climate change adaptation, and further underscores the socially mediated nature of this threat by demonstrating the potential for community strength to play a buffering role.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 12","pages":"744-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"#Stand with Ukraine: Analyzing the links between Germans' emotions and their readiness to protest in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine","authors":"Lara Ditrich,&nbsp;Kai Sassenberg","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 sparked protests around the globe. Most of Europe had – luckily – not seen violent conflict of this scale on their doorstep for more than 30 years. For Germany, the period was even longer. Being confronted with news about the war drove thousands of German citizens to the streets. In passionate protests, they made various demands of their government. Herein, we investigate the links between Germans' emotions and their readiness to engage in such protests. Drawing on collective action research, we predicted that anger and sympathy would correlate positively with Germans' protest readiness. Given the context and public debate, we predicted that fear should also correlate with protest readiness. Two surveys (total <i>N</i> = 905) conducted with residents of Germany – one day after the invasion and at its first anniversary – supported our hypotheses. We consistently found that the more sympathy and anger respondents experienced, the greater their readiness to protest. Fear explained variance beyond sympathy and anger in two cases and in an information-seeking measure of protest readiness: Greater fear correlated with a higher interest in demonstrations advocating peace negotiations and a lower interest in demonstrations calling for solidarity with Ukraine. These findings underscore the links between sympathy, anger, fear, and the readiness to protest in response to the contemporary crisis that is the war in Ukraine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 12","pages":"731-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whose misbehavior is inexcusable—And which one? Job-related discrimination against ethnic minority and majority women","authors":"Elena Ball,&nbsp;Claudia Niedlich,&nbsp;Melanie C. Steffens","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Based on the model of intersectional invisibility, we tested the consequences of work-related misbehavior for women of Turkish and German descent (i.e., misbehavior involving mistakes that are stereotypically associated with masculine or feminine traits, eliciting negative evaluations). Across a series of four preregistered experiments (<i>N_s</i> = 746, plus two pre-registered experiments in an Additional Supplement), we investigated evaluations of female targets in a male-typed, highly qualified job context. We focus on exclusion and promotion decisions. A single-paper meta-analysis substantiates findings across samples who have different experiences regarding racism and in personnel selection. Our findings reveal a nuanced picture: Misbehavior associated with stereotypically feminine traits led to more negative consequences for Turkish women than for German women, resulting in more frequent exclusion and less frequent promotion for Turkish women. In contrast, misbehavior associated with stereotypically masculine traits led to more favorable outcomes for Turkish than German women. Thus, revealing a complex relationship between type of misbehavior and ethnicity, we identify leader prototypes as an explanatory mechanism, rather than aversive racism or shifting standards. Results suggest that Turkish women are discriminated against most for showing stereotypically feminine behavior confirming gendered racialized steretoypes, but may experience less backlash when showing counter-stereotypical behavior than German women. We find double standards in evaluations of highly qualified women of Turkish versus German descent, with interactions with the type of misbehavior suggesting complex interplays of gender, ethnicity, and information provided about the individual in career advancement and exclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 11","pages":"708-725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From roadblocks to property damage: How injustice perceptions and trust in authorities are associated with participation in nonnormative climate protest","authors":"Amarins Jansma,&nbsp;Kees Van den Bos,&nbsp;Beatrice A. De Graaf","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The climate crisis calls for radical action, but what drives people to engage in climate protest? We recruited respondents during protests of Extinction Rebellion in the Netherlands and examined how intentions to engage in normative action (e.g., protest march), moderate nonnormative action (e.g., roadblock), and openness to more extreme nonnormative action (e.g., property damage) related to perceived injustice and trust in authorities. Study 1 found that perceived injustice was linked to all action intentions, while trust was only negatively associated with nonnormative protest. Study 2 revealed that nonnormative protest was specifically related to lower trust in democracy, judges, and the police. Furthermore, moderate action intentions were related to various injustice perceptions, whereas extreme actions were exclusively linked to social injustice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 12","pages":"757-775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jasp.13071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multicultural experiences on empathy: A model of the roles of positive emotion and critical thinking","authors":"Nalin Zhao,&nbsp;Yufang Zhao,&nbsp;Yan Bao,&nbsp;Xuemin Mo,&nbsp;Xingyang Ma","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The extant empirical evidence indicates that multicultural experiences (MCEs) are linked to numerous positive outcomes, including increased trust, reduced intergroup bias, and the promotion of large-scale cooperation. These beneficial effects partly depend on the fact that increased MCEs enhance cultural sensitivity, which may enable individuals to better empathize with others. Therefore, we explored the beneficial effects of MCEs on empathy, along with the potential mechanisms. A sample of 1480 Chinese young adults (<i>M</i> = 21.40, SD = 1.86) were employed to complete anonymous questionnaires on their MCEs, positive emotions, critical thinking, empathy, and multicultural breadth. By controlling for gender and family socioeconomic status, parallel mediation analysis revealed that MCEs can independently influence individuals' levels of empathy through both positive emotions and critical thinking. Thereafter, multicultural breadth was determined as a moderator influencing this model. The results highlighted the role of MCEs in increasing empathy through their relationship with cognitive and emotional processes. This study is significant in expanding our understanding of the consequences of MCEs and has practical value in promoting more interpersonal harmony and social tolerance through enhanced empathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 11","pages":"697-707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loving our leaders: A triangular theory of love for political figures","authors":"Sydney M. Goldberg,&nbsp;Robert J. Sternberg","doi":"10.1111/jasp.13067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many people support and stand by political candidates in the same way that a person might support a significant other. In two studies, we preliminarily explored the utility of a triangular theory of love proposed for political figures. In the first study, data from 87 university students were used to obtain results relating to levels of intimacy, passion, commitment, and satisfaction for a participant-chosen political figure. We hypothesized that intimacy, passion, and commitment would predict higher levels of satisfaction with political figures. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between all three variables and satisfaction. In stepwise multiple regressions, intimacy and passion retained significant relationships with satisfaction. In the second study, 299 university students reported levels of intimacy, passion, commitment, and satisfaction for three political figures: Joe Biden, Donald Trump, and Barack Obama. All three variables were significantly correlated with satisfaction for each candidate. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that intimacy and commitment, but not passion, predicted satisfaction for Joe Biden and Donald Trump. Intimacy, passion, and commitment significantly predicted satisfaction for Barack Obama. Voters may experience a kind of love for political figures, and understanding this relationship may have implications for helping voters make informed decisions during elections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48404,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology","volume":"54 11","pages":"683-696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}