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Lying in competitive environments: Identifying behavioral impacts 竞争环境中的谎言：识别行为影响
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104844
Simon Dato , Eberhard Feess , Petra Nieken
{"title":"Lying in competitive environments: Identifying behavioral impacts","authors":"Simon Dato ,&nbsp;Eberhard Feess ,&nbsp;Petra Nieken","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incentive schemes based on relative performance provide high effort incentives, but may backfire by increasing incentives for misconduct. Previous literature supports this view by demonstrating that, as compared to individual incentive schemes based on absolute performance only, highly competitive environments are associated with higher degrees of lying and cheating. However, it is not clear if this is (mainly) driven by stronger financial incentives or by competition per se and its behavioral effects. We conduct an online experiment with competitive and individual incentive schemes in which the financial incentives to lie are held constant. From a behavioral perspective, a competitive environment may increase the willingness for misconduct via a desire-to-win, but may also decrease it via the negative payoff externality on competitors. Our results provide evidence of a significant lying-enhancing desire-to-win-effect and an insignificant lying-reducing negative externality effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001739/pdfft?md5=02090b78281b8f38580afd98c1c17d14&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001739-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Priming ideology I: Why do presidential elections affect U.S. judges 引导意识形态 I：为什么总统选举会影响美国法官
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104835
Daniel L. Chen
{"title":"Priming ideology I: Why do presidential elections affect U.S. judges","authors":"Daniel L. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Politicians’ behavioral changes as an election nears have typically been attributed to the incentive effects of an election. I document that behavioral changes can occur even for unelected judges, using data from 1925 to 2002 on U.S. appellate judges, who are appointed for life. Exploiting monthly campaign ads in judges’ states of residence, dissents increase with campaign advertisements in states where judges reside. Elections can explain 23 % of all dissents. I rule out a number of incentive-based explanations. Topic of dissents, replication in concurrences (disagreement about reasoning), and placebo checks using milestones of case development support a transient priming mechanism. If elite U.S. judges are in fact susceptible to priming via the partisan nature of electoral cycles, then highly trained individuals may be susceptible to other forms of priming regardless of their professional commitments to be unbiased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001648/pdfft?md5=2c8552b9e17f917575cbf3b959aa7fcd&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001648-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Belief elicitation under competing motivations: Does it matter how you ask? 竞争动机下的信念激发：如何提问重要吗？
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104830
Lata Gangadharan, Philip J. Grossman, Nina Xue
{"title":"Belief elicitation under competing motivations: Does it matter how you ask?","authors":"Lata Gangadharan,&nbsp;Philip J. Grossman,&nbsp;Nina Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beliefs, alongside preferences, are an important driver of behaviour. While preferences are often inferred by the choices made, measuring beliefs is not straightforward. We design a giving experiment to compare different methods of measuring beliefs, with and without monetary incentives. Consistent with a simple theoretical framework, we find that elicited beliefs about the giving decisions of others are biased and self-serving when no incentive is offered, with non-donors reporting that giving is rare. Offering a simple incentive does not reduce the bias in beliefs; however, this bias is not observed when using an incentivised method which makes the monetary outcome associated with accurately predicting beliefs more prominent. Our findings suggest that when self-interested motivations compete with accuracy incentives, beliefs are sensitive to how they are measured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001594/pdfft?md5=c2141434c534c4024a5dd7d3fdb77fcb&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001594-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expansions in paid parental leave and mothers’ economic progress 扩大带薪育儿假与母亲的经济进步
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104845
Gozde Corekcioglu , Marco Francesconi , Astrid Kunze
{"title":"Expansions in paid parental leave and mothers’ economic progress","authors":"Gozde Corekcioglu ,&nbsp;Marco Francesconi ,&nbsp;Astrid Kunze","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the impact of reforms extending paid parental leave on mothers’ progress to the upper echelons of their companies. Using employer–employee matched data and examining a series of reforms between 1987 and 2005 in Norway, we find that longer parental leave neither helped nor hurt mothers’ chances to be at the top of their companies’ pay ranking or in the C-suite up to 25 years after childbirth. This holds true also for highly educated women and high performers across all sectors. Key career determinants, such as hours worked and promotions, are unaffected in the short and long run. Finally, fathers’ career progression and within-household gender wage gaps have also remained unaltered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001740/pdfft?md5=2d662475545a8eb56581fd18d85ecdfd&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring climate transition risk at the regional level with an application to community banks 衡量地区层面的气候转型风险，并将其应用于社区银行
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104834
Mitchell Berlin , Sung Je Byun , Pablo D'Erasmo , Edison Yu
{"title":"Measuring climate transition risk at the regional level with an application to community banks","authors":"Mitchell Berlin ,&nbsp;Sung Je Byun ,&nbsp;Pablo D'Erasmo ,&nbsp;Edison Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a measure of climate transition risk for regional economies in the U.S., based on the mix of firms that produce emissions in each region. To quantify transition risks, we consider the introduction of an emissions tax levied on companies emitting greenhouse gases and estimate changes in the market values of industries due to a carbon tax using Merton's (1974) model. We find that transition risks are highly concentrated in a few sectors and counties with heavy exposures to transition-sensitive sectors. The size and geographic concentration of the tax effects depend significantly on assumptions about the elasticity of demand for inputs in the production chain. When applying county-level estimates for transition risks to banks’ deposit footprint, we find mild to moderate transition risks for community banks as a whole, although transition risks are high for a few banks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning from Friends in a Pandemic: Social networks and the macroeconomic response of consumption 在大流行病中向朋友学习：社交网络和消费的宏观经济反应
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104836
Christos A. Makridis , Tao Wang
{"title":"Learning from Friends in a Pandemic: Social networks and the macroeconomic response of consumption","authors":"Christos A. Makridis ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aggregate events often start locally with households learning about the unfolding of events through social communication. Using plausibly exogenous variation in counties’ social network exposure to geographically remote regions during the COVID-19 pandemic, we quantify the propagation of idiosyncratic COVID-19 social network weighted shocks to consumption spending. We present a wide array of tests that directly control for the role of physical mobility, and physical distance, and isolate the role of geographically distant counties to show that the detected consumption responses were primarily through the channel of expectations, rather than physical infection risks or other common economic and policy shocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To stay or to migrate? When Becker meets Harris-Todaro 留下还是迁徙？当贝克尔遇到哈里斯-托达罗
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104831
Yin-Chi Wang , Pei-Ju Liao , Ping Wang , Chong Kee Yip
{"title":"To stay or to migrate? When Becker meets Harris-Todaro","authors":"Yin-Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Pei-Ju Liao ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Chong Kee Yip","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Allowing migration as an integral part of demographic transition and economic development, we construct a dynamic competitive migration equilibrium framework with rural agents heterogeneous in skills and fertility preferences to establish a location-fertility trade-off and explore its macroeconomic consequences. We characterize a mixed migration equilibrium where an endogenously determined fraction of high-skilled agents with high fertility preferences or low-skilled agents with low fertility preferences ultimately moves. By calibrating the model to fit the data from China, whose migration and population control policies offer a rich array of issues for quantitative investigation, we find strong interactions between migration and fertility decisions – the location-fertility trade-off – and rich interplay between the joint responses of these choices to changes in migration and population control policies. Our results indicate that both output per capita and urbanization rates are more responsive than Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to migration and population policies: A one-percent decrease in TFR corresponds to an over one-percent increase in output per capita and a more than two-percent rise in urbanization rates. Overlooking the location-fertility trade-off may thus lead to nonnegligible biases in assessing the implications and effectiveness of government policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The distributional effects of climate change. An empirical analysis 气候变化对分配的影响。实证分析
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104828
Haroon Mumtaz , Angeliki Theophilopoulou
{"title":"The distributional effects of climate change. An empirical analysis","authors":"Haroon Mumtaz ,&nbsp;Angeliki Theophilopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of climate change on output has been studied extensively in the empirical literature. However, its distributional implications have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating if climate shocks affect income inequality. Using a Vector Autoregression for a large cross-country panel, we identify the climate shock in the frequency domain as the shock that explains the bulk of the variance of climate variables in the long-run. An adverse climate shock is associated with an increase in measures of income inequality, affecting mostly low income households. The impact of the shock is larger in magnitude for low income, hot countries with a significant agricultural sector and low degree of adaptation to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001570/pdfft?md5=81ca4132a7cc05aa1fdf9c31ab7f480a&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001570-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GDP and temperature: Evidence on cross-country response heterogeneity 国内生产总值与气温：关于跨国反应异质性的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104833
Kimberly A. Berg , Chadwick C. Curtis , Nelson C. Mark
{"title":"GDP and temperature: Evidence on cross-country response heterogeneity","authors":"Kimberly A. Berg ,&nbsp;Chadwick C. Curtis ,&nbsp;Nelson C. Mark","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We estimate individual country real GDP per capita growth responses to country, global, and idiosyncratic temperature shocks. Negative growth responses to country and global temperature at longer horizons are found for all Group of Seven countries. Positive country (global) responses are found for approximately eight (seven) of the nine poorest countries at longer horizons. Both country and idiosyncratic temperature shocks have more negative than positive effects on growth across countries, but it is more evenly split for the global temperature shock. After controlling for average temperature, positive growth responses to global temperature shocks are more likely for countries that are poorer, have experienced slower growth, are more educated (higher high school attainment), and more open to trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiscal policy in the Bundestag: Textual analysis and macroeconomic effects 联邦议院的财政政策：文本分析和宏观经济效应
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
European Economic Review Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104827
Albina Latifi, Viktoriia Naboka-Krell, Peter Tillmann, Peter Winker
{"title":"Fiscal policy in the Bundestag: Textual analysis and macroeconomic effects","authors":"Albina Latifi,&nbsp;Viktoriia Naboka-Krell,&nbsp;Peter Tillmann,&nbsp;Peter Winker","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiscal policy is made in parliaments. We go to the roots of changes of fiscal policy in Germany and use a novel data set on all parliamentary speeches in the Bundestag from 1960 to 2021. We propose an embedding-based approach, which allows the representation of words and documents in a shared vector space, in order to measure fiscal policy-related sentiment in parliamentary debates at a scale from contractionary to expansionary. We also distinguish between sentiment related to exogenous and endogenous fiscal policy. We put fiscal sentiment into a series of recursively-identified vector autoregressive models to show that a change in fiscal sentiment causes a shift in government spending and has significant effects on the macroeconomy. The results support the notion that the debate in parliament contains information for the identification of government spending shocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292124001569/pdfft?md5=5a0fa4bb69512b6aebf0992f4b4f33c5&pid=1-s2.0-S0014292124001569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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