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The Impact of China's AIIB on the World Bank 中国的亚投行对世界银行的影响
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0020818322000327
Jing Qian, J. Vreeland, Jianzhi Zhao
{"title":"The Impact of China's AIIB on the World Bank","authors":"Jing Qian, J. Vreeland, Jianzhi Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S0020818322000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818322000327","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The World Bank, under the stewardship of the United States, stands out as the global leader among international development organizations. Does China's establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) undermine this status? Examining this question, we focus on the borrowing practices of a special set of countries: the founding members of the AIIB. These founders openly defied the public preference of the United States, arguably to create a potential rival to the World Bank. Using a new causal inference method, Pang, Liu, and Xu's Dynamic Multilevel Latent Factor Model—as well as several well-known estimation models as robustness checks—we document at least a temporary decrease in the number of World Bank infrastructure projects that the developing AIIB founders have entered into. This study presents the first systematic evidence that China's AIIB could unsettle the political influence the United States has enjoyed over developing countries through its leadership of the World Bank. An important set of countries may be parting ways with the World Bank and looking to a Chinese institution for leadership in the world of development.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"217 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
War Did Make States: Revisiting the Bellicist Paradigm in Early Modern Europe 战争的确造就了国家:重新审视近代早期欧洲的好战主义范式
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0020818322000352
L. Cederman, Paola Galano Toro, Luc Girardin, Guy Schvitz
{"title":"War Did Make States: Revisiting the Bellicist Paradigm in Early Modern Europe","authors":"L. Cederman, Paola Galano Toro, Luc Girardin, Guy Schvitz","doi":"10.1017/S0020818322000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818322000352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Charles Tilly's classical claim that “war made states” in early modern Europe remains controversial. The “bellicist” paradigm has attracted theoretical criticism both within and beyond its original domain of applicability. While several recent studies have analyzed the internal aspects of Tilly's theory, there have been very few systematic attempts to assess its logic with regard to the territorial expansion of states. In this paper, we test this key aspect of bellicist theory directly by aligning historical data on European state borders with conflict data, focusing on the period from 1490 through 1790. Proceeding at the systemic, state, and dyadic levels, our analysis confirms that warfare did in fact play a crucial role in the territorial expansion of European states before (and beyond) the French Revolution.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"324 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46373285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Free Riding, Network Effects, and Burden Sharing in Defense Cooperation Networks 防务合作网络中的搭便车、网络效应与责任分担
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0020818322000315
Brandon J. Kinne, Stephanie N. Kang
{"title":"Free Riding, Network Effects, and Burden Sharing in Defense Cooperation Networks","authors":"Brandon J. Kinne, Stephanie N. Kang","doi":"10.1017/S0020818322000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818322000315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How do states distribute the burdens of collective defense? This paper develops a network theory of burden sharing. We focus on bilateral defense cooperation agreements (DCAs), which promote cooperation in a variety of defense, military, and security issue areas. Using a computational model, we show that DCA partners’ defense spending depends on the network structure of their agreements. In bilateral terms, DCAs increase defense spending by committing states to defense activities and allowing partners to reciprocally punish free riding. However, as a state's local network of defense partnerships grows more densely connected, with many transitive “friend of a friend” relations, DCAs have the countervailing effect of reducing defense spending. The more deeply integrated states are in bilateral defense networks, the less they spend on defense. We distinguish two potential mechanisms behind this effect—one based on efficiency improvements, the other on free riding. An empirical analysis using multilevel inferential network models points more to efficiency than to free riding. Defense networks reduce defense spending, and they do so by allowing countries to produce security more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"405 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Theory of External Wars and European Parliaments 外部战争理论与欧洲议会
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0020818322000303
Brenton Kenkel, Jack Paine
{"title":"A Theory of External Wars and European Parliaments","authors":"Brenton Kenkel, Jack Paine","doi":"10.1017/S0020818322000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818322000303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of parliamentary constraints on the executive was critical in Western European political history. Previous scholarship identifies external wars as a key factor, but with varying effects. Sometimes, willing monarchs granted parliamentary rights in return for revenues to fight wars. Yet at other times, war threats empowered rulers over other elites or caused states to fragment. We analyze a formal model to understand how external wars can either stimulate or undermine prospects for a contractual relationship between a ruler and elite actors. We recover the standard intuition that war threats make the ruler more willing to grant parliamentary rights in return for revenue. Our key insight is that war threats also affect the bargaining position of elites. A previously unrecognized tension yields our new findings: stronger outsider threats increase pressure either on elites to fund the ruler or on the ruler to accept constraints—but not both simultaneously. Elites with immobile wealth depend on the ruler for security. War threats undercut their credibility to refuse funding for an unconstrained ruler. By contrast, war threats make elites with mobile wealth and a viable exit option unwilling to fund a hopeless war effort. Only under circumscribed conditions do war threats align three conditions needed for parliament to arise in equilibrium: ruler willingness, elite credibility, and elite willingness. We apply our theory to posit strategic foundations for waves and reversals of historical European parliaments.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"102 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43401446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Deflective Cooperation: Social Pressure and Forum Management in Cold War Conventional Arms Control 偏转合作:冷战常规军备控制中的社会压力与论坛管理
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0020818322000364
Giovanni Mantilla
{"title":"Deflective Cooperation: Social Pressure and Forum Management in Cold War Conventional Arms Control","authors":"Giovanni Mantilla","doi":"10.1017/S0020818322000364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818322000364","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Why do states create weak international institutions? Frustrated with proliferating but disappointing international environmental institutions, scholars increasingly bemoan agreements which, rather than solving problems, appear to exist “for show.” This article offers an explanation of this phenomenon. I theorize a dynamic of deflective cooperation to explain the creation of compromise face-saving institutions. I argue that when international social pressure to create an institution clashes with enduring disagreements among states about the merits of creating it, states may adopt cooperative arrangements that are ill-designed to produce their purported practical effects. Rather than negotiation failures or empty gestures, I contend that face-saving institutions represent interstate efforts to manage intractable disagreement through suboptimal institutionalized cooperation. I formulate this argument inductively through a new multi-archival study of conventional weapons regulation during the Cold War, which resulted in the oft-maligned 1980 UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. A careful reconsideration of the negotiation process extends and nuances existing IR theorizing and retrieves its historical significance as a critical juncture and complex product of contesting diplomatic practices.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"564 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
INO volume 77 issue 1 Cover and Back matter INO第77卷第1期封面和封底
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0020818323000048
{"title":"INO volume 77 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0020818323000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818323000048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56621864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Organization: Theories and Institutions 国际组织:理论与制度
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22559-8
J. Barkin
{"title":"International Organization: Theories and Institutions","authors":"J. Barkin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-22559-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22559-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"38 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50987381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
INO volume 77 issue 1 Cover and Front matter 国际出版组织第77卷第1期封面和封面问题
IF 7.8 1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0020818323000036
{"title":"INO volume 77 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0020818323000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818323000036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"77 1","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56621806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segregated Economies in an Integrated World: The Gendered Consequences of Exchange Rate Movements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 一体化世界中的隔离经济:中低收入国家汇率变动的性别后果
1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0020818323000139
Joel W. Simmons
{"title":"Segregated Economies in an Integrated World: The Gendered Consequences of Exchange Rate Movements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Joel W. Simmons","doi":"10.1017/s0020818323000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818323000139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I argue that exchange rates are an underappreciated explanation for the significant variation in the extent of female labor force participation in developing countries. Occupational segregation in developing countries is such that women working outside of the home tend to be segregated in labor-intensive export-oriented industries. Consequently, when an overvalued exchange rate increases export prices, it reduces commensurately the demand for female labor. This causes some women to drop out of the labor force. Data from over 150 low- and middle-income countries between 1990 and 2015 support this argument.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INO volume 77 issue 3 Cover and Back matter INO第77卷第3期封面和封底
1区 社会学
International Organization Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0020818323000176
{"title":"INO volume 77 issue 3 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0020818323000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818323000176","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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