Accounting Organizations and Society最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Managing the trade-off between autonomy and task interdependence in creative teams: The role of organizational-level cultural control 管理创造性团队中自主性和任务相互依赖之间的权衡:组织层面文化控制的作用
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2022.101347
Isabella Grabner , Aleksandra Klein , Gerhard Speckbacher
{"title":"Managing the trade-off between autonomy and task interdependence in creative teams: The role of organizational-level cultural control","authors":"Isabella Grabner ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Klein ,&nbsp;Gerhard Speckbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the creative industries, creative output is often produced in temporary project teams, staffed with employees from within the organization. In this study we make two main contributions regarding the management of creative performance in such teams. First, we provide evidence for a fundamental trade-off inherent in creative teamwork. Team creativity benefits both from high team member autonomy and high task interdependence, but when team leaders give higher autonomy to team members then this undermines the positive effect of a more interdependent design of teamwork on team creativity, and vice versa. Second, we argue that cultural control at the organizational level is an effective means to resolve this team-level trade-off and to enable teams to leverage both high autonomy and high task interdependence for higher team creativity. We test our hypotheses using survey data collected at three different organizational levels (team members, team leaders, and agency heads) from 372 individuals of 101 temporary project teams within 53 advertising agencies, and find evidence consistent with our predictions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361368222000149/pdfft?md5=2a10df4fe1aa60483872cdd8ad0cf51c&pid=1-s2.0-S0361368222000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Auditors' response to management confidence and misstatement risk 审计师对管理层信心和错报风险的回应
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2022.101348
Sanaz Aghazadeh , Jennifer R. Joe
{"title":"Auditors' response to management confidence and misstatement risk","authors":"Sanaz Aghazadeh ,&nbsp;Jennifer R. Joe","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corporate managers display varying degrees of confidence, but investors appear to have difficulty distinguishing when management's high confidence is warranted (i.e., when it signals accuracy and/or future positive outcomes). Archival research finds that the managers associated with proxies for high confidence are actually “overconfident” because their choices ultimately resulted in personal and shareholder losses, on average. Auditors are experienced in evaluating management and are trained to be professionally skeptical, and users rely on them to reduce the information risk around noisy signals in financial reporting. Therefore, we investigate whether and how management confidence impacts auditors' response to the risk of material misstatement (RMM). Audit standards are explicit that auditors should increase testing and acquire more reliable evidence as RMM increases. Accordingly, we conduct an experiment, varying management confidence in their explanations about an accounting estimate and RMM at the client. We find, consistent with the thought-suppression literature, that although auditors universally believe relying on management's explanations without corroboration is inappropriate and that high confidence signals management's desire to induce auditor reliance, they do not distinguish their response to RMM when management confidence is high. When management confidence is low, auditors appropriately perform more testing for clients where RMM is higher than lower. Auditors' testing judgements moderate their likelihood of pursuing inquiry evidence for higher than lower risk clients when management confidence is high versus when it was low. Our finding is troublesome because deceitful managers can readily manipulate confidence and influence the explanations and inquiry evidence presented to auditors. Thus, our research offers evidence that auditors' tendency to be influenced by high management confidence can play a contributing role in the observed association between high management confidence and biased financial reporting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Competing for narrative authority in capital markets: Activist short sellers vs. financial analysts 资本市场话语权之争:激进卖空者与金融分析师
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2022.101334
Hervé Stolowy , Luc Paugam , Yves Gendron
{"title":"Competing for narrative authority in capital markets: Activist short sellers vs. financial analysts","authors":"Hervé Stolowy ,&nbsp;Luc Paugam ,&nbsp;Yves Gendron","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Activist short sellers (AShSs) and financial analysts are information intermediaries who analyze firm disclosures as well as produce and disseminate influential investment </span>narratives. This study aims to better understand narrative challenges surrounding the legitimate expertise of financial analysts. Specifically, we examine how AShSs challenge sell-side financial analysts' narrative authority (i.e., the perception that they produce expert knowledge) in interpreting firms' performance and future prospects. We investigate how analysts respond (or do not respond) to this challenge. We use 442 AShS reports, 12 interviews with AShSs and analysts, and analysts' stock recommendations and target prices. In their criticisms of analysts (found in one-third of reports), AShSs frequently frame analysts as lacking market expertise and critical thinking – two core dimensions of analysts' narrative authority. Sixty-six percent of analysts, although explicitly criticized in AShS reports, do not engage in written responses in their equity research reports because they reportedly either adopt a renunciation attitude to the challenge or they engage in off-the-record discussions with certain market participants. However, 34% of analysts respond overtly by counter-framing AShSs as lacking market expertise and objectivity. After the dissemination of AShS reports, analysts, on average, do not revise their highly visible stock recommendations but they revise target prices downward. Theoretically, this study extends our understanding of the construction of narrative authority in capital markets as we examine a challenge to the expertise of influential information intermediaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
You can't get there from here: The influence of an audit partner's prior non-public accounting experience on audit outcomes 你不能从这里到达那里:审计合伙人以前的非公开会计经验对审计结果的影响
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101331
Ling Lei Lisic , Jeffrey Pittman , Timothy A. Seidel , Aleksandra “Ally” B. Zimmerman
{"title":"You can't get there from here: The influence of an audit partner's prior non-public accounting experience on audit outcomes","authors":"Ling Lei Lisic ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Pittman ,&nbsp;Timothy A. Seidel ,&nbsp;Aleksandra “Ally” B. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2021.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the importance of audit partners' prior non-public accounting experience (hereafter, “industry experience”) to audit outcomes. We conducted 20 (nine) semi-structured interviews of audit partners with (without) industry experience. These interviews shed light on industry-experienced partners’ career path choices, perceptions of the challenges and benefits stemming from industry experience, and perceptions of how this experience influences their current audit work. Grounded in theory and the results of these interviews, we empirically examine using a unique hand-collected dataset whether audit partners with industry experience conduct higher quality and more efficient audits. Our evidence implies that industry experience is associated with both higher audit quality and greater efficiency. In additional analyses, we examine the influence of potential mechanisms for these observed associations and find some evidence that the nature and timing of this experience matters. Specifically, actual first-hand experience in major oversight positions among boomerang auditors plays an integral role in the quality of the audits that these partners deliver, while experience in a major oversight position or specialized industry in which the partner audits translates into greater efficiencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136838827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commensuration by form: Lists and accounting in collective action networks 按形式通约:集体行动网络中的清单和核算
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101333
David Crvelin , Lukas Löhlein
{"title":"Commensuration by form: Lists and accounting in collective action networks","authors":"David Crvelin ,&nbsp;Lukas Löhlein","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the roles of accounting in decentralized and unregulated collective action networks. Although the recent past has witnessed a proliferation of social collectives, little is known about accounting in such loose and fluid forms of organizing. While the existence of putatively primitive accountings becomes discernible in some studies on collective action, literature has largely neglected to discuss these in more detail. Taking a conceptual diversion via the format of the list, this paper ascribes such rudimentary and short-lived accounting instantiations a more critical and integrated role in governing the network at large. We develop the notion of <em>commensuration by form</em><span> to account for the list's dual capacity to convert the world into boxes of equivalent size that can flexibly be reshuffled into new relationships and its ability to serve as an intruder to the world of accounting. The upshot of this perspective, a significant expansion of accounting's non-calculative structuring powers, is demonstrated by an in-depth study of a collective action network formed during the German refugee crisis in 2015. While repertoires of digital and analog lists formed the backbone of the network's infrastructure, we show how their creation, recombination, and growing dispersion constantly provoked arrays of dispersed micro accountings. Even if such accountings interfered with the lists for only a moment, we nevertheless observed their ability to leave more permanent traces by irrevocably residualizing, prioritizing or canceling out items in such lists. We argue that the interplay between listing and accounting is ever more relevant in times when collective organizing is reliant upon digital media technologies that have accelerated the production and circulation of the list as never before in history.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48816720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Audit firm political connections and PCAOB inspection reports 审计公司的政治关系和PCAOB检查报告
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2022.101335
W. Robert Knechel , Hyun Jong Park
{"title":"Audit firm political connections and PCAOB inspection reports","authors":"W. Robert Knechel ,&nbsp;Hyun Jong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2022.101335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the effect of audit firm political connections on the harshness of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspection reports. Relying on <em>Regulatory Capture Theory</em> and <em>Motivated Reasoning Theory</em>, we show audit firm political connections, as measured through PAC contributions, are <em>negatively</em> associated with the harshness of Part I reports. Our results are robust to instrumentation and are not due to movements of personnel between the PCAOB and audit firms or improvements in a firm's audit quality. In supplementary tests, we show the negative relation is stronger when we consider the directed nature of PAC contributions to members of Congress who exercise SEC oversight and robust to alternative measures. Finally, we consider the harshness of Part II inspection reports and find no association with political connections. Collectively, our results suggest audit firm political connections induce favorable influence over Part I findings of PCAOB inspection reports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Regulatory mandates and responses to uncomfortable knowledge: The case of country-by-country reporting in the extractive sector 监管授权和对令人不安的知识的反应:采掘业国别报告的案例
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101308
Lisa Baudot , David J. Cooper
{"title":"Regulatory mandates and responses to uncomfortable knowledge: The case of country-by-country reporting in the extractive sector","authors":"Lisa Baudot ,&nbsp;David J. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine responses to pressures to act on extractive firm country-by-country reporting (CbCR) by three regulators: the International Accounting Standards Board, the European Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Debates over CbCR of payments that extractive firms make to governments center on improvements to transparency, governance, and accountability and raise questions about the division of regulatory labor in terms of where and by whom global reporting issues are undertaken and why. Our comparative analysis suggests that while the three regulators resist or respond reluctantly to similar pressures to act on CbCR, each responds in distinct ways that reflect and impact regulatory mandates. Specifically, we show how the regulators’ responses constitute the purpose, problematize the objectives, and construct the perceived interests served by CbCR in relation to each regulator’s mandate. We highlight how these responses can be understood through modes of discursive ignorance (McGoey, 2019) and the uncomfortable knowledge (Rayner, 2012) that each regulator may engage with when pressures challenge how regulators make sense of the world. Our study highlights that regulatory responses are based partly on what regulators assume are their mandates, their legitimacy and ways of operating. It analyzes their self-understandings and defense mechanisms, thereby providing an elaboration of responses to pressures for action and offering a richer political economy of regulation that highlights sensemaking in these processes. We further elaborate on what these responses imply for the division of regulatory labor around pressures to act on global reporting issues, as well as broader implications for participation in and ignorance around accounting regulatory projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46670071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The gendered nature of valuation: Valuing life in the Titanic compensation claims process 估价的性别本质:泰坦尼克号赔偿索赔过程中的生命估价
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101309
Ingrid Jeacle
{"title":"The gendered nature of valuation: Valuing life in the Titanic compensation claims process","authors":"Ingrid Jeacle","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sinking of the Titanic has captured the public imagination for over a century. A tragic tale of man's powerlessness over nature, it has served as a lesson in hubris that has been dramatized in film and immortalised in popular culture. Following the disaster, relatives of the deceased lodged compensation claims against the White Star Line (registered owners of the Titanic). In these compensation claims for loss of life we witness the monetary commensuration of life. For the accounting scholar, therefore, the Titanic story offers an opportunity to contribute to the growing body of research in the area of valuation; in particular, it facilitates an understanding of the valuing of human life. Drawing on the history of life assurance and compensation legislation in both the UK and US, the paper argues that by the time of the Titanic disaster in 1912, an accounting constellation (Burchell et al., 1995) had been formed which established an equivalence between the value of a life and economic earning power. However, while this earnings based model determined the value of men lost in the tragedy, it failed to commensurate the lives of women and children. Rather emotion and sentiment arising from the high profile nature of the disaster appeared to allow for a plurality of other valuations to emerge that ruptured the pre-configured constellation and challenged the linear trajectory of the economic model. As such, Titanic was a “valuation event” which severely disrupted the existing gendered assemblage. The contribution of this paper therefore is to recognise the gendered nature of valuation and to appreciate the impact of such gender bias on the practice of valuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Feedback with feeling? How emotional language in feedback affects individual performance 有感觉的反馈?反馈中的情绪语言如何影响个人表现
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101329
Devon Erickson , D. Kip Holderness Jr. , Kari Joseph Olsen , Todd A. Thornock
{"title":"Feedback with feeling? How emotional language in feedback affects individual performance","authors":"Devon Erickson ,&nbsp;D. Kip Holderness Jr. ,&nbsp;Kari Joseph Olsen ,&nbsp;Todd A. Thornock","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our study examines the influence of manager emotion on the effectiveness of feedback in motivating performance. Feedback Intervention Theory (Kluger &amp; DeNisi,1996) suggests that feedback cues can shift feedback recipients’ attention away from the implications of the feedback for the task and toward the implications for the self. We propose that negative emotional language from a manager acts as a feedback cue directing employees’ attention more toward the self, and therefore, reduces employee effort in response to negative feedback. Consistent with our prediction, we find that negative emotional language decreases employee performance in response to negative feedback. In contrast, positive emotional language has no effect on employee performance in response to positive feedback. In two additional experiments, we provide triangulating evidence – via moderation-of-process and direct measurement – supporting our proposed mechanism, i.e., that the effect of negative emotional language on performance occurs by shifting individuals’ attention away from the task and toward the self. In doing so, we also show that managers can attenuate the effect of negative emotional language on subsequent performance by emphasizing that feedback relates to the task and not the self. Our study identifies a novel feedback intervention cue and provides corroborating evidence of Feedback Intervention Theory. Overall, our findings suggest that managers should consider how expressions of emotion accompanying feedback affect employee attention and subsequent performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Does task-specific knowledge improve audit quality: Evidence from audits of income tax accounts 特定任务知识是否能提高审计质量:来自所得税账户审计的证据
IF 4.7 2区 管理学
Accounting Organizations and Society Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2021.101320
Nathan C. Goldman , M. Kathleen Harris , Thomas C. Omer
{"title":"Does task-specific knowledge improve audit quality: Evidence from audits of income tax accounts","authors":"Nathan C. Goldman ,&nbsp;M. Kathleen Harris ,&nbsp;Thomas C. Omer","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2021.101320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2021.101320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two forms of expertise can influence audit quality: industry<span><span><span> and task-specific expertise. If tax knowledge is predominately task-specific, </span>audit offices with increased exposure to complex tax issues will develop tax task-specific expertise. Using outcomes related to income tax account audits, we examine whether tax task-specific knowledge (TSK) accumulates at the audit office level and affects the income tax accounts’ audit quality. We find that tax TSK increases the income tax accounts' audit quality, suggesting individual tax TSK accumulates at the office level. Additionally, semi-structured interviews of partners/senior managers at Big 4 audit firms validate group </span>information processing as a theory that explains TSK developing at the office level and confirms that tax knowledge is predominately task-specific with some industry-specific knowledge. We contribute to and extend the literature examining audit office expertise by providing evidence that exposure to complex tax issues develops TSK at the office level and enhances audit quality. These findings provide archival and qualitative evidence of how TSK develops at the office level.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48379,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Organizations and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137389016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信