Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.002
Charlotte D. LaPlante, Madeleine M. Hardt, Paul K. Maciejewski, Holly G. Prigerson
{"title":"State of the Science: Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Prolonged Grief Disorder","authors":"Charlotte D. LaPlante, Madeleine M. Hardt, Paul K. Maciejewski, Holly G. Prigerson","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a distinct diagnostic entity that has recently garnered considerable attention as it describes an intense, enduring, distressing and disabling bereavement reaction experienced by a small minority of community-based mourners. In recent decades, research has exploded to address how best to treat PGD with different psychotherapeutic interventions. In this state-of-the-science review, the strength of the evidence will be discussed regarding common psychotherapeutic interventions used to treat grief. Specifically, we focus on the most commonly used interventions, cognitive behavioral (CB)-based therapies, bereavement and support groups, and brief contact interventions (BCIs), in an effort to summarize the relevant clinical takeaways of the current available research. A discussion of the use of these therapies in specific clinical populations is also included, with a focus on those traumatically bereaved, pediatric populations, communities of color, and underserved communities. Important foci and directions for future research are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 6","pages":"Pages 1303-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.003
Michael A. Mallott , Justine S.T. Stryker , Norman B. Schmidt
{"title":"Paranoia and Social Anxiety: Predicting Aggressive Behavior","authors":"Michael A. Mallott , Justine S.T. Stryker , Norman B. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aggression is a transdiagnostic behavior that is associated with poor clinical outcomes. As such, it is important to understand factors that contribute to various manifestations of aggressive behavior. Recent research has revealed a subtype of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who tend to display relatively high amounts of aggression and experience more severe social anxiety and dysfunction compared to individuals in the prototypical SAD group. The current study used a status threat manipulation along with behavioral indices of aggression to examine the impact of paranoia and social anxiety symptom severity on aggression in a sample of undergraduates with social anxiety (<em>N</em> = 220). Analyses indicated that paranoia uniquely predicted indirect aggression whereas an interaction between social status threat, paranoia, and social anxiety severity uniquely predicted direct aggression. These findings suggest that paranoia may be a particularly important contributor to aggression among individuals with social anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 825-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.004
Eivind R. Strand, Frederick Anyan, Odin Hjemdal, Hans M. Nordahl, Henrik Nordahl
{"title":"Dysfunctional Attitudes Versus Metacognitive Beliefs as Within-Person Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Over Time","authors":"Eivind R. Strand, Frederick Anyan, Odin Hjemdal, Hans M. Nordahl, Henrik Nordahl","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding within-person variation between theorized mechanisms of disorder and depressive symptoms can help identify targets for interventions. Cognitive models of depression hypothesize dysfunctional attitudes as underlying vulnerability factors, while the metacognitive model places emphasis on dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. However, no previous study has tested the relative importance of change in dysfunctional attitudes and metacognitive beliefs as predictors of change in depressive symptoms within individuals. In a sample of 1,418 individuals measured at four time-points separated by 5-week intervals, a multilevel model approach was used to test the relative importance of change in dysfunctional attitudes and metacognitive beliefs as predictors of change in depressive symptoms. Change in dysfunctional attitudes and metacognitive beliefs predicted change in depressive symptoms over time. However, change in metacognitive beliefs and in particular negative metacognitive beliefs and judgements of cognitive confidence were significantly stronger predictors of change in depressive symptoms compared to dysfunctional attitudes. Furthermore, change in metacognitive beliefs predicted change in dysfunctional attitudes beyond change in depressive symptoms. These results suggest that metacognitive beliefs rather than dysfunctional attitudes might be more important for depressive symptoms over time within persons and that metacognitive change may also influence dysfunctional attitudes over time. Metacognitive beliefs are therefore a promising target for treatment and prevention aiming to reduce depressive symptoms, but replication of our results in clinical samples is warranted before more clear conclusions can be drawn.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 801-812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005789423001399/pdfft?md5=c439f0315c0f5f1987c71549886c2ed7&pid=1-s2.0-S0005789423001399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138714572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.009
Matthias Pillny, David J. Hallford, Kerem Böge
{"title":"The Nature of Mental Imagery and Its Relationship With Amotivational Psychopathology in People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Matthias Pillny, David J. Hallford, Kerem Böge","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) experience profound amotivation, which is strongly related to anticipatory anhedonia. Yet, the neuropsychological fundamentals of anticipatory anhedonia and amotivation are barely understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments for these patients. Aberrancies in positive mental imagery may interfere with the anticipation of pleasure and could thus explain anticipatory anhedonia and amotivation. However, the nature of mental imagery and its relationship with amotivational psychopathology in SSD is largely unknown. In this preregistered study, we therefore examined mental imagery characteristics and their relation to anticipatory anhedonia, amotivation, and daily life activity in SSD. The<!--> <em>N</em> = 86 participants included individuals with SSD (<em>n</em> = 43) and demographically matched healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 43). Mental imagery, anticipatory pleasure, amotivation, and activity engagement were assessed with structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. Ecological momentary assessment was used to measure state anticipatory pleasure and activity engagement in daily life (<em>n</em> = 81). Compared to the control group, the SSD group showed comparable quantity, but less vividness of mental imagery. Reduced vividness of mental imagery in SSD was significantly associated with higher anticipatory anhedonia, amotivation, and low activity engagement in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Reduced mental imagery vividness may cause a lack of internal incentive to seek pleasurable experiences and could explain amotivation. Interventions aiming to improve mental imagery vividness and related anticipatory pleasure responses in SSD may be effective in targeting amotivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 885-897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005789424000200/pdfft?md5=62f359a9e3305e3e5397429d539398d5&pid=1-s2.0-S0005789424000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.007
Ayla N. Gioia, Sabrina Ali, Erin E. Reilly
{"title":"Clinical Experiences Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders","authors":"Ayla N. Gioia, Sabrina Ali, Erin E. Reilly","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data suggests that despite the availability of evidence-based psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), techniques from these therapies may be less frequently used within real-life clinical practice. The aim of this study was to provide the opportunity for clinicians to give feedback on their experiences treating EDs using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) through reporting on use of CBT techniques and barriers to treatment implementation in naturalistic settings. Clinicians (<em>N</em> = 126) who self-identified as using CBT for EDs reported demographic information, frequency/usefulness of empirically supported treatment techniques, problems/limitations of CBT, and barriers faced while implementing CBT. The most frequently used technique reported by clinicians was psychoeducation, and the least frequently used technique was use of surveys to address mind reading. Patients’ unwillingness to follow a meal plan/nutritional guide was rated as the most impactful barrier, alongside ED severity. Of the problems/limitations of CBT, too little guidance on treating co-occurring symptoms was rated as the most impactful. This study provided a mechanism for clinicians to share their experiences using CBT for EDs in real-world settings. Overall, results regarding frequency of use and usefulness of techniques indicate a high level of endorsement. Moreover, the most frequently endorsed barriers to/limitations of CBT related to lack of guidance on treating complex ED presentations. Future research should explore ways to treat cases that go beyond the prototypical ED case and explore ways to adapt CBT to meet the needs of naturalistic treatment settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 872-884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.10.003
Annalise Perricone, Alma Bitran, Woo-kyoung Ahn
{"title":"Explaining How Psychotherapy Affects the Brain Can Increase the Perceived Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Annalise Perricone, Alma Bitran, Woo-kyoung Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Past studies repeatedly found that biological explanations of mental disorders cause laypeople and clinicians to doubt the effectiveness of psychotherapy. This could be clinically detrimental, as combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is often optimal. The distrust of psychotherapy is theorized to stem from dualistic reasoning that psychotherapy, perceived as occurring in the mind, does not necessarily affect the brain. The current study aims to mitigate this belief in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (individuals with symptoms of depression (<em>n</em> = 262), the general public (<em>n</em> = 374), and mental health clinicians (<em>n</em> = 607)) rated the efficacy of psychotherapy for a depression case before and after learning that the case was biologically caused. Participants also received either an intervention passage describing how psychotherapy results in brain-level changes, an active control passage emphasizing the effectiveness of psychotherapy without explaining the underlying biological mechanisms, or no intervention. Unlike the active control and no-intervention control conditions, the intervention caused participants to judge psychotherapy as significantly <em>more</em> effective than at baseline even though they learned that depression was biologically caused. An intervention counteracting dualism can mitigate the belief that psychotherapy is less effective for biologically caused depression. Future research should examine the durability of this intervention in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 738-750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.004
Jennifer Frederick, Mei Yi Ng, Matthew J. Valente, Katherine Venturo-Conerly, John R. Weisz
{"title":"What CBT Modules Work Best for Whom? Identifying Subgroups of Depressed Youths by Their Differential Response to Specific Modules","authors":"Jennifer Frederick, Mei Yi Ng, Matthew J. Valente, Katherine Venturo-Conerly, John R. Weisz","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior research suggests that the effects of specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modules on symptom outcomes can be estimated. We conducted a study utilizing idiographic and nomothetic methods to clarify which CBT modules are most effective for youth depression, and for whom they are most effective. Thirty-five youths received modular CBT for depression. Interrupted time series models estimated whether the introduction of each module was associated with changes in internalizing symptoms, whereby significant symptom reduction would suggest a therapeutic response to the module. Regression models were used to explore whether participant characteristics predicted subgroups of youths based on their estimated response to certain types (e.g., cognitive) of modules, and whether group membership was associated with posttreatment outcomes. Thirty youths (86%) had at least one module associated with a significant change in internalizing symptoms from premodule delivery to postmodule delivery. The specific modules associated with these changes varied across youths. Behavioral activation was most frequently associated with symptom decreases (34% of youths). No participant characteristics predicted estimated response to module type, and group membership was not significantly associated with posttreatment outcomes. Youths display highly heterogeneous responses to treatment modules, indicating multiple pathways to symptom improvement for depressed youths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 898-911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139879342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.004
Ruba Rum, Jessica A. Birg, Gabriella Silva, Jonathan Rottenberg, Peter E. Clayson, Fallon R. Goodman
{"title":"Social Motivation Differentiates Social Anxiety and Depression: A Daily Diary Study","authors":"Ruba Rum, Jessica A. Birg, Gabriella Silva, Jonathan Rottenberg, Peter E. Clayson, Fallon R. Goodman","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because social anxiety and depression commonly co-occur, it can be challenging to disentangle the emotional and motivational features of these conditions in everyday life contexts. In this daily diary study, we sought to understand the interplay between daily social anxiety and depression symptoms and emotion and motivation, determining whether daily symptoms are independently linked with positive affect, negative affect, and social motivation (desire to approach or to withdraw from others). Community-dwelling adults (<em>N</em> = 269) with a wide range of social anxiety and depression symptoms completed daily assessments for 14 consecutive days (a total of 2,986 daily surveys). Within-person analyses found that increases in social anxiety and depression symptoms were uniquely associated with elevated negative affect; only increases in depression symptoms were associated with diminished positive affect. Increases in social anxiety symptoms were associated with an <em>elevated</em> desire to approach others but not a desire to withdraw from others. By contrast, increases in depression symptoms were associated with a diminished desire to approach others and an elevated desire to withdraw from others. Desire for social connection may distinguish social anxiety from depression. Examining patterns of daily social motivation may enhance clinicians' ability to differentiate the difficulties that arise from social anxiety from those that arise from depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 698-711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.003
Eric B. Lee, Chad T. Wetterneck, Elizabeth McIngvale, Monnica T. Williams, Thröstur Björgvinsson
{"title":"Rethinking Unacceptable Thoughts: Validation of an Expanded Version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale","authors":"Eric B. Lee, Chad T. Wetterneck, Elizabeth McIngvale, Monnica T. Williams, Thröstur Björgvinsson","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is widely used to measure obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity across four broad symptom dimensions (i.e., contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, symmetry). Despite its proven utility, there is reason to suspect that the unacceptable thoughts subscale conflates different types of unacceptable thoughts that are meaningfully distinct from one another. In the current study, we first evaluated the psychometric<span><span> properties of a newly developed DOCS violent and/or aggressive thoughts subscale. We then examined the factor structure, psychometric properties, and diagnostic sensitivity of a seven-factor version of the DOCS that includes the four original DOCS subscales and three more-specific versions of the unacceptable thoughts scale (i.e., sexually intrusive thoughts, violent and/or aggressive thoughts, and scrupulous or religious thoughts). The sample included 329 residential and intensive outpatients, the majority of which had a </span>diagnosis of OCD<span> (75.2%). The new unacceptable thoughts subscales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with unique associations between the subscales and depression, suicide, and perceived threat from emotions that were not present in the broader unacceptable thoughts subscale. The seven-factor version of the DOCS demonstrated slightly lower levels of diagnostic sensitivity than the original DOCS. Thus, the four-factor version of the DOCS is recommended for screening purposes. A score of 40 or higher on the seven-factor version of the DOCS best predicted a diagnosis of OCD. Overall, the three additional unacceptable thoughts subscales appear to be distinct factors that have potential value in research and clinical settings.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 786-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.005
Taaike Debeuf, Sandra Verbeken, Elisa Boelens, Brenda Volkaert, Ann Tanghe, Nathalie Michels, Caroline Braet
{"title":"Emotion Regulation Training as an Add-on in the Treatment of Obesity in Young Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial","authors":"Taaike Debeuf, Sandra Verbeken, Elisa Boelens, Brenda Volkaert, Ann Tanghe, Nathalie Michels, Caroline Braet","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an inpatient treatment center for pediatric obesity, the effectiveness of an emotion regulation (ER) training on top of the multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT) was tested by means of an RCT. The ER training was evaluated on primary outcomes: ER and emotional eating, and secondary outcomes: well-being and weight loss, taking into account pre, post, and follow-up measurements.</p><p>Of the 115 10- to-14-year old adolescents with obesity (52.2% girls), 65 were allocated to the ER training. Physicians measured their height and weight objectively (4 times). Participants also filled out questionnaires on ER competencies (ER abilities and ER strategies), emotional eating and well-being (3 times).</p><p>Significant pre-post interactions were found for “emotional awareness,” “problem solving,” and “evoking a positive mood.” Moreover, the positive effects of the ER training on emotion regulation strategies were maintained at follow-up. Concerning well-being, no significant pre-post interaction effects were found but a significant interaction effect was found when comparing pre with follow-up. Analyses show a significant main effect of time on weight loss, but this was not qualified by a Time × Condition interaction effect.</p><p>The current RCT study shows limited but promising effects of adding an ER training to the MOT. Further research should investigate whether the positive short-term effects will be maintained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 839-855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}