Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.002
Hannah E. Croom, Matthew W. Southward, Shannon Sauer-Zavala
{"title":"Testing Reciprocal Within-Person Changes in Aversive Reactions to Emotions and Skill Use in the Unified Protocol","authors":"Hannah E. Croom, Matthew W. Southward, Shannon Sauer-Zavala","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotional disorders are thought to be maintained in large part by the experience of frequent and intense negative emotions and aversive reactions to these emotions. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was designed to teach patients skills to manage aversive reactions and reduce the frequency and intensity of negative emotions. However, it is unclear how skill use and aversive reactions are related to each other in this treatment. Participants (<em>N</em> = 70; <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 33.75, 67% female, 74% White, 74% heterosexual) completed measures of aversive reactivity, skillfulness, anxiety, and depression before each session. We used hierarchical linear modeling to explore if within-person changes in aversive reactivity predicted residualized session-to-session changes in skill use and if within-person changes in skill use predicted residualized session-to-session changes in aversive reactivity. We then used multilevel mediation analyses to test whether aversive reactivity or skill use mediated the effect of the other construct on changes in anxiety and depression. Within-person increases in skillfulness significantly predicted session-to-session improvements in cognitive skills and mindfulness but did not predict improvements in any aspect of aversive reactivity. Within-person changes in aversive reactivity did not significantly predict changes in skillfulness. Between-person changes in skillfulness were significantly related to changes in between-person aversive reactivity. Only the indirect effect of skillfulness through mindfulness on anxiety/depression was significant. These results suggest that aversive reactivity and skillfulness may be relatively independent constructs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 1014-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.001
Joseph B. Friedman, Emily K. Juel, Nicholas S. Myers, Heidi J. Ojalehto, Jonathan S. Abramowitz
{"title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Two “Armed and Dangerous Person” Campus Lockdowns","authors":"Joseph B. Friedman, Emily K. Juel, Nicholas S. Myers, Heidi J. Ojalehto, Jonathan S. Abramowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consistent with the cognitive-behavioral model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), research has found associations among posttraumatic cognitions, avoidance coping, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Less is known, however, about the occurrence of these relationships in the context of “armed and dangerous person” university lockdowns that affect campus communities at large<strong>.</strong> This cross-sectional study evaluated predictors of PTSS following two sequential lockdowns. In the aftermath of these lockdowns, campus community members (<em>N</em> = 287) completed self-report measures assessing posttraumatic cognitions, avoidance coping, and PTSS. Results indicated that posttraumatic cognitions involving negative views of oneself or the world (but not self-blame), avoidance coping, and physical proximity were positively associated with PTSS. These relationships remained robust after controlling for general distress and retrospectively reported peritraumatic fear. Findings are interpreted and discussed in light of conceptual models of PTSD and provide paths for early screening of those experiencing community-wide stressors, such as university lockdowns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 1002-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.007
Michaela S. Ahrenholtz, Konrad Bresin
{"title":"Differences in Emotion Regulation Indices in Participants With a History of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Based on Sexual and Gender Minority Identity","authors":"Michaela S. Ahrenholtz, Konrad Bresin","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theories posit nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) regulates emotions through the reduction of negative affect and increasing of positive affect, and prior research using daily diary methods show differences across emotion dynamics (i.e., mean level, variation, inertia, and differentiation) based on NSSI history. The current study aimed to replicate and expand work done by Bresin (2014) by examining emotion dynamics using ecological momentary assessment and exploring group differences based on sexual and gender minority identity. To our knowledge, no research has explored emotion dynamic differences based on identity. We hypothesized a replication of Bresin’s (2014) results and conducted exploratory analyses for sexual and gender minority status. Analyses of ecological momentary assessment data (5 times a day for 28 days) showed that individuals with a history of NSSI reported higher mean level and within-person variance of negative affect, and lower positive affect inertia. Sexual and gender minority individuals also reported lower positive affect inertia. Interaction effects found that sexual and gender minority individuals with a history of NSSI had lower negative affect inertia compared to cisgender straight individuals with a history of NSSI. Results from Bresin (2014) were replicated for mean-level and within-person variation of negative affect, as well as positive affect inertia using ecological momentary assessment data, strengthening the conclusion that individuals with a history of NSSI differ from controls across emotion dynamics. Future research should assess the role of minority stress on this association to continue to explore the differing results based on sexual and gender minority identity. The results of this study should inform theory and treatment surrounding affect and NSSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 989-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.005
Leah Bullinger , Afsoon Gazor , Stephen Buerkert, Savannah M. Dieste, W. David Brown, Sunita M. Stewart
{"title":"Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep in Suicidal Adolescents: Associations and Treatment Implications","authors":"Leah Bullinger , Afsoon Gazor , Stephen Buerkert, Savannah M. Dieste, W. David Brown, Sunita M. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia has shown increasing promise in reducing suicidality in adults and may be effective in reducing suicidality in adolescents. Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (DBs) are a primary target of such interventions. However, there are few studies of DBs in adolescents, let alone suicidal adolescents. Our study (1) assessed the sleep and suicide-related correlates of DBs, and (2) examined if change in DBs was associated with change in sleep, in a sample of acutely suicidal adolescents aged 12–18 years in an intensive cognitive behavior therapy–informed treatment program that did not target sleep. Measures of DBs (using the 16-item Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Scale’s (DBAS) total score and four subscale scores: Consequences, Helplessness, Expectations, and Medications), sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and suicide ideation were administered at program admission and discharge. Total DBs were concurrently associated (all <em>p</em>s < .05) with sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and suicide ideation, and reduction of DBs was associated with improvement in sleep over treatment. There was some variability in the association between types of DBAS and variables of interest, with the Helplessness subscale showing the strongest and most consistent associations. Limitations include subjective measurements only, a lack of specific insomnia symptom measures, and a nondiverse sample. DBs show promise as a target in the management of suicidal adolescents. Our findings also suggest that the development of an adolescent-specific scale could enhance construct measurement validity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 979-988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.002
David F. Tolin, Blaise L. Worden, Hannah C. Levy
{"title":"State of the Science: Hoarding Disorder and Its Treatment","authors":"David F. Tolin, Blaise L. Worden, Hannah C. Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This state-of-the-science review describes the relatively new diagnosis of hoarding disorder (HD), characterized by difficulty discarding possessions and resulting clutter in living spaces. We review current theoretical models of HD, including a cognitive-behavioral model, a biopsychosocial model, an attachment model, and an addictions model. We then describe interventions for HD, focusing largely on cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder (CBT-HD), the only treatment with conclusive evidence of efficacy. We review the components of CBT-HD and their rationale, noting that clinical results have been modest. The cross-cultural efficacy of CBT-HD is unclear, as are the effects of cultural modifications to the treatment. Future clinical and research directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 4","pages":"Pages 667-679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Structural Adaptations to Cognitive Processing Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Priyadharshany Sandanapitchai, Reginald D.V. Nixon","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the evolving field of psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) has emerged as a first-line treatment, backed by robust empirical evidence. Despite the proven efficacy of CPT in improving PTSD symptoms, individuals face significant barriers when seeking treatment. To overcome these challenges, CPT has undergone testing in diverse settings, accompanied by structural modifications deviating from its commonly delivered format of weekly (or bi-weekly) face-to-face contact, including changes in delivery method, length or intensity of sessions, or format (e.g., group). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of these structural adaptations within CPT for treating PTSD. Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 non-RCTs were included for the review. The meta-analysis of the 15 RCTs revealed significant improvements in PTSD and depression outcomes with structural adaptations of CPT. Generally, no significant differences were found when comparing these adaptations with standard CPT or non-CPT treatments, although this is accompanied by the caveat of likely modest power for subanalyses involving different comparator types. The findings suggest that adapting the delivery of CPT typically yields similar outcomes in PTSD symptom improvement as standard CPT and confirms its flexibility in addressing barriers to PTSD treatment access. Limitations and future directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 948-963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.004
Neta Yitzhak, Maayan Cohen, Ruth Traub Bar-Ilan, Adina Maeir, Eran Eldar, Mor Nahum
{"title":"The Emotional Pendulum in ADHD: Insights From Ecological Momentary Assessment of Emotional States in Young Adults","authors":"Neta Yitzhak, Maayan Cohen, Ruth Traub Bar-Ilan, Adina Maeir, Eran Eldar, Mor Nahum","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotion dysregulation, and specifically emotional instability, characterizes adults with ADHD. This study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to track emotional states and examine patterns of emotional instability within individuals over different time scales. Specifically, it focused on two aspects: overall emotional variability over time, and emotional lability, reflected in emotional states fluctuations within and across days. We further examined the interaction of these emotional instability factors with the subjective experience of emotion regulation difficulties. Young adults with (<em>n</em> = 57) and without (HC; <em>n</em> = 54) ADHD diagnosis completed a self-report questionnaire for emotion regulation difficulties, followed by a 5-day EMA protocol of 5 emotion reports/day. Individuals with ADHD displayed significantly higher intra-individual emotional variability, but no group differences were found for emotional lability, both between and across days. This higher emotional variability was linked to self-reported emotion regulation difficulties in the ADHD group. Finally, using cluster analysis, we found a higher probability of individuals with ADHD being included in a cluster characterized by elevated emotional variability and emotion regulation difficulties. This study demonstrates that young adults with ADHD may experience a broader range of emotions in their daily lives, which may be related to the way they evaluate their challenges in emotion regulation. The findings highlight the need to address emotion dysregulation difficulties in clinical practice, as understanding these emotional dynamics could enhance personalized therapeutic strategies for ADHD, and help design interventions tailored to the breadth and intensity of emotional experiences in ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 964-978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.005
Emily E. Bernstein, Adam C. Jaroszewski, Ryan J. Jacoby, Natasha H. Bailen, Jennifer Ragan, Aisha Usmani, Sabine Wilhelm
{"title":"Feasibility of Using ChatGPT to Generate Exposure Hierarchies for Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Emily E. Bernstein, Adam C. Jaroszewski, Ryan J. Jacoby, Natasha H. Bailen, Jennifer Ragan, Aisha Usmani, Sabine Wilhelm","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe condition. Although exposure and response prevention (ERP), the first-line treatment for OCD, is highly effective, too few clinicians are equipped to deliver it. One barrier is the time and expertise required to develop personalized exposure hierarchies. In this study, we examined the feasibility and promise of using large language models (LLMs) to generate appropriate exposure suggestions for OCD treatment. We used ChatGPT-4 (Generative Pretrained Transformer, Version 4) to generate 10-item exposure hierarchies for simulated patient cases that were systematically varied along the following dimensions: OCD subtype, symptom complexity or number, level of detail, patient age, and patient gender. Expert clinicians also generated hierarchies for a subset of prompts. ChatGPT-generated hierarchies were first rated for completeness and degree to which input information was incorporated. Three OCD experts blinded to the aims of the study then rated each ChatGPT- and expert-generated hierarchy’s appropriateness, specificity, variability, safety/ethics, and overall usefulness or quality. ChatGPT generated partial (<em>n</em> = 15) or complete (<em>n</em> = 55) responses to 70 of 72 prompts and incorporated most input information (<em>M</em> = 4.29 out of 5, <em>SD</em> = 0.85). The only significant predictor of degree of input information incorporated was number of OCD symptoms; prompts with the most symptoms were rated as incorporating less input information than prompts with both low and moderate number of symptoms, <em>p</em>s < .05. Overall, ChatGPT-generated hierarchies were viewed as appropriate (<em>M</em> = 4.47, SD = 0.58), specific (<em>M</em> = 4.17, SD = 0.65), variable (<em>M</em> = 3.96, <em>SD</em> = 0.79), safe/ethical (<em>M</em> = 4.89, <em>SD</em> = 0.24), and useful (<em>M</em> = 3.99, <em>SD</em> = 0.82). However, expert human-generated hierarchies were still rated as significantly more appropriate, specific, variable, and useful, <em>p</em>s < .05, but not more or less safe and ethical than ChatGPT-generated hierarchies, <em>p</em> = .24. Only the level of symptom detail included in prompts was associated with ratings of ChatGPT-generated hierarchies, <em>p</em>s < .05, such that hierarchies were rated significantly better when prompts had been more detailed. Results suggest that LLMs such as ChatGPT hold great promise in helping generate effective OCD exposure hierarchies, while also highlighting key limitations that require resolution prior to clinical implementation. Given that few clinicians specialize in OCD treatment, it would be advantageous to establish how face-to-face or digital treatment can be augmented with this technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 4","pages":"Pages 680-688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.001
Rosy L. Chavez-Najera, Lorraine T. Benuto
{"title":"Necesito Un Psicólogo: A Feasibility Study Examining a Behavioral Activation Telenovela Intervention for Depressed Latinas","authors":"Rosy L. Chavez-Najera, Lorraine T. Benuto","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latines in the United States experience considerable rates of depression and while behavioral activation is an effective treatment for depression, internal and external barriers contribute to the underutilization of behavioral health services among Spanish-speaking Latines (SSLs). Fortunately, internet-based interventions have the potential to mitigate these barriers given their increased privacy, cost-effectiveness, and logistical flexibility. The present (pilot) study examined clinical outcomes and feasibility (engagement, satisfaction) with a culturally attuned behavioral activation telenovela intervention (BAD-TI) for SSLs using a quasi-experimental design. The BAD-TI is modeled after the telenovela entertainment genre (a limited-run serial drama popular in Latin America). The six-episode animated telenovela series chronicles the behavioral health journey of Maria, a Latina who is in her 40s and is experiencing depression. The six units from behavioral activation treatment for depression (BATD), including the core skills from each unit, are depicted in the telenovela series. Results indicated that 21 of the 32 participants (65.63%) who enrolled in the study completed treatment and 11 of the 32 participants (34.38%) dropped out of treatment. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that participants experienced a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptom from pre- to posttreatment. Satisfaction ratings for the intervention and engagement with the intervention was high. Results from this study suggest that behavioral activation delivered via an online telenovela intervention format is a feasible and acceptable treatment approach for depressed SSLs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 935-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior TherapyPub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.004
Georgette E. Fleming, Vilas Sawrikar, Silvana Kaouar, Bryan Neo, Campbell McDonogh, Eva R. Kimonis
{"title":"The Impact of Parental Cognitions on Outcomes of Behavioral Parent Training for Children With Conduct Problems","authors":"Georgette E. Fleming, Vilas Sawrikar, Silvana Kaouar, Bryan Neo, Campbell McDonogh, Eva R. Kimonis","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite decades of support for behavioral parent training, studies consistently comprise a proportion of families who do not experience sustained improvement in child conduct problems. Recent innovations to enhance treatment effects use predictors of treatment response to guide efforts to personalize treatment. We investigated whether baseline parental cognitions predicted response to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in a sample of <em>N</em> = 61 children (<em>M</em> = 4.78 years, <em>SD</em> = 1.23, 74% boys) with conduct problems. Families received PCIT at an Australian urban university-based clinic. Parental positive and negative relational schemas were coded from baseline 5-minute speech samples. Linear mixed-effects models showed that mothers’ unhelpful cognitions predicted significantly less improvement in child conduct problems and internalizing problems, parenting stress, and observed parenting behaviors from baseline to follow-up. In contrast, children of fathers with unhelpful cognitions began treatment with more severe problems than other children, but experienced similar or greater magnitude of improvement in child conduct problems, paternal parenting stress, and observed paternal negative parenting behaviors during treatment relative to other children. Findings suggest that PCIT may be a useful alternative to parent-only behavioral parent training for fathers with unhelpful cognitions. We also discuss methods for tailoring PCIT for mothers with unhelpful cognitions to enhance treatment effects.</div><div>These trials were registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12616000280404; ACTRN12616000221459).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 5","pages":"Pages 917-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}