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Loss of Life and Labor Productivity: The Canadian Opioid Crisis 生命损失和劳动生产率:加拿大阿片类药物危机
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231155040
Alexander Cheung, Joseph T. Marchand, P. Mark
{"title":"Loss of Life and Labor Productivity: The Canadian Opioid Crisis","authors":"Alexander Cheung, Joseph T. Marchand, P. Mark","doi":"10.1177/00027162231155040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231155040","url":null,"abstract":"Opioids were declared a public health emergency in British Columbia, Canada, in 2016, and from that year through 2021, 29,894 Canadians lost their lives to opioid overdoses. More than two-thirds of those victims were employed in the five years prior to their deaths, and this study aims to quantify their lost productivity to the Canadian economy. We apply two human capital model variants in our analysis, projecting forward the future economic output of individuals who died from opioids, from their deaths to what would have been their eventual retirements, based on the industries in which they were employed. The total estimated productivity loss to Canada is at least $8.8 billion, with the equivalent “value of statistical life” calculations an order of magnitude higher; these are based on estimates of the amount of money that individuals would pay to avoid death. Our results challenge the notion that the opioid crisis predominantly affects unproductive members of society.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46073452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effects of Opioid Treatment Programs on Child Well-Being 阿片类药物治疗方案对儿童幸福感的影响
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162221142644
L. Bullinger, V. Wang, K. Feder
{"title":"Effects of Opioid Treatment Programs on Child Well-Being","authors":"L. Bullinger, V. Wang, K. Feder","doi":"10.1177/00027162221142644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221142644","url":null,"abstract":"Children exposed to parental opioid use disorder are at an elevated risk of maltreatment. We study whether parents’ access to medication-assisted opioid treatment programs (OTPs) affects the well-being of their children. An administrative decision to lift a moratorium on access to these programs in Indiana created the opportunity for this study. We show that after a county opened an OTP, methadone dispensing increased and emergency department visits related to opioid overdose decreased there, offering evidence of the success of these programs. We also show that the opening of these OTPs did not have significant effects on reports of child maltreatment, but that out-of-home foster care placements were reduced by 22 percent. Our findings are consistent with past research showing that child welfare cases involving parental substance use tend to be complex and tend to have longer times to parent/child reunification than child welfare cases in which substance use is not present. We argue that expanding access to opioid treatment programs may help reduce foster care placements.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Demographic and Geographic Variation in Fatal Drug Overdoses in the United States, 1999-2020. 1999-2020 年美国致命药物过量的人口和地理差异。
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231154348
Shannon M Monnat
{"title":"Demographic and Geographic Variation in Fatal Drug Overdoses in the United States, 1999-2020.","authors":"Shannon M Monnat","doi":"10.1177/00027162231154348","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00027162231154348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U.S. drug overdose crisis has been described as a national disaster that has affected all communities. But overdose rates are higher among some subpopulations and in some places than they are in others. This article describes demographic (sex, racial/ethnic, age) and geographic variation in fatal drug overdose rates in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Across most of that timespan, rates were highest among young and middle-age (25-54 years) White and American Indian males and middle-age and older (45+ years) Black males. Rates have been consistently high in Appalachia, but the crisis has spread to several other regions in recent years, and rates are high across the urban-rural continuum. Opioids have been the main contributor, but overdoses involving cocaine and psychostimulants have also increased dramatically in recent years, demonstrating that our problem is bigger than opioids. Evidence suggests that supply-side interventions are unlikely to be effective in reducing overdoses. I argue that the U.S. should invest in policies that address the upstream structural drivers of the crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10292656/pdf/nihms-1892705.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food Insecurity and the Opioid Crisis 粮食不安全和阿片类药物危机
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162221149287
C. Heflin, Xiaohan Sun
{"title":"Food Insecurity and the Opioid Crisis","authors":"C. Heflin, Xiaohan Sun","doi":"10.1177/00027162221149287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221149287","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid epidemic has increased adult mortality, disrupted families, and changed labor supply—all factors that are independently associated with poverty and food insecurity. We explore the relationship between the opioid crisis and food insecurity at the state level, first by examining the relationship of drug-related mortalities to food insecurity, and then by exploiting cross-state variations in OxyContin misuse prior to reformulation of the drug to investigate whether food insecurity increased as individuals with opioid use disorder transitioned from prescription to street drugs such as heroin. Results provide further evidence of the presence and size of the social consequences of the opioid crises and the negative consequences associated with drug reformulation for food security.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Opioid Epidemic and Children's Living Arrangements in the United States, 2000-2018. 2000-2018年美国阿片类药物流行与儿童生活安排
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00027162221142648
Mónica L Caudillo, Andrés Villarreal, Philip N Cohen
{"title":"The Opioid Epidemic and Children's Living Arrangements in the United States, 2000-2018.","authors":"Mónica L Caudillo, Andrés Villarreal, Philip N Cohen","doi":"10.1177/00027162221142648","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00027162221142648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the detrimental effects of the opioid epidemic on health and wellbeing have been well documented, we know little about how it has affected the family contexts in which children live. Using data from the 2000 Census, the 2005-2018 American Community Survey (ACS) and restricted Vital Statistics, we assess how the opioid epidemic, as measured by a rise in the opioid overdose death rate, affected the rates of children living in different family arrangements: two married parents, two cohabiting parents, single mother, single father, or another configuration. According to local fixed-effects models, a higher opioid overdose death rate is associated with fewer children living with two married parents and an increase in children living in family structures that tend to be less stable, such as those led by cohabiting parents or a single father. These changes in family arrangements have potential long-term implications for the wellbeing of future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Opioid Crisis and Educational Performance 阿片类药物危机与教育绩效
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231151523
R. Darolia, Samuel J. Owens, J-P Tyler
{"title":"The Opioid Crisis and Educational Performance","authors":"R. Darolia, Samuel J. Owens, J-P Tyler","doi":"10.1177/00027162231151523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231151523","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a simple model of how opioids in a community can impact the educational outcomes of children based on both the extent of exposure to opioids in the community and on the child’s vulnerability to any given level of exposure. We then use national data to document where and how the opioid crisis has intersected with students’ performance on standardized test scores in the U.S., focusing particularly on rural communities. Finally, we estimate the extent to which variation in one measure of the opioid crisis, drug-related mortality, is related to variation in test scores. We find strong relationships between the two, as well as evidence that the relationship is particularly salient for third-grade students in rural communities.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43384094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Social and Community Consequences of the Opioid Epidemic 阿片类药物流行的社会和社区后果
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231157569
R. Darolia, C. Heflin
{"title":"The Social and Community Consequences of the Opioid Epidemic","authors":"R. Darolia, C. Heflin","doi":"10.1177/00027162231157569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231157569","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a brief orientation to the articles that comprise this volume, which is an effort to understand the consequences of the opioid epidemic in a variety of societal and community domains. These domains include child welfare, living arrangements, education, food insecurity, housing, and public budgets, and they are often paid scant attention compared to research that focuses on the direct effects of opioid use. We give an overview of the articles that comprise this volume and discuss the ways in which they contribute new empirical insights on the consequences of the opioid crisis in the U.S. and Canada. We conclude with thoughts on the challenges inherent in this work, insights about how this volume of research might help us understand the broader reach of the epidemic, and how it helps in the development of prosocial public policies.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiscal Impacts of the Opioid Crisis on State and Local Governments 阿片类药物危机对州和地方政府的财政影响
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162221137171
R. Bifulco, Iuliia Shybalkina
{"title":"Fiscal Impacts of the Opioid Crisis on State and Local Governments","authors":"R. Bifulco, Iuliia Shybalkina","doi":"10.1177/00027162221137171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221137171","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse effects of the opioid crisis on individuals influence the need for state and local government expenditures and erode their tax bases. Systematic estimates of the magnitude of such fiscal impacts are lacking. We estimate the magnitude of the effect of the opioid crisis on state and local expenditures and discuss approaches that might be taken to evaluate the impact of the crisis on revenues. We find that the fiscal impacts of the opioid crisis on state and local governments are modest for the U.S. as a whole but are likely to be greater in states with particularly high rates of opioid-use disorders. Our analysis aims to encourage and guide more in-depth studies in the future. Such studies can inform intergovernmental aid policies designed to offset the fiscal impacts of opioid misuse and can also contribute to assessing damages in opioid lawsuits.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Has the Opioid Crisis Affected Student Learning? A National Analysis of Growth Rates 阿片类药物危机影响了学生的学习吗？全国增长率分析
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231151524
J. Drescher, Lily Steyer, Carrie Townley-Flores, K. Humphreys
{"title":"Has the Opioid Crisis Affected Student Learning? A National Analysis of Growth Rates","authors":"J. Drescher, Lily Steyer, Carrie Townley-Flores, K. Humphreys","doi":"10.1177/00027162231151524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231151524","url":null,"abstract":"The potential spillover effects of the United States’ opioid epidemic on children’s educational outcomes have received surprisingly little attention from researchers. Accordingly, this study leverages national datasets of county-level opioid prescription rates and public school students’ third- to eighth-grade academic achievement to provide the first analysis of associations between community opioid prevalence and children’s learning rates. We find that students in counties with higher community opioid presence learn more slowly than peers in counties with low community opioid presence, both in aggregate and across different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups of students. Moreover, within states we observe a small significant negative association between community opioid presence and student learning rates. This association is similar in rural and nonrural communities. These findings underscore the urgency of conceptualizing the opioid epidemic as a community-level crisis, with potentially long-lasting implications for children’s future educational attainment and life outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42188573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Opioid Crisis and Child Maltreatment Across Counties and Time in the United States, 2007–2017 阿片类药物危机和儿童虐待:2007-2017年美国不同县和时间的数据
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162221144172
A. Chapman
{"title":"The Opioid Crisis and Child Maltreatment Across Counties and Time in the United States, 2007–2017","authors":"A. Chapman","doi":"10.1177/00027162221144172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221144172","url":null,"abstract":"Rising opioid mortality coincides with reported rises in child maltreatment since the early 2000s. I consider mechanisms that link the opioid epidemic and child maltreatment, focusing on social disorganization, the geographic and temporal patterns of opioid mortality, and community-level substance use and child maltreatment. I combine data from the ACS, CDC WONDER, and NCANDS in county-level analyses. I show a positive association between adult opioid mortality and child maltreatment that varies over time, and the results suggest a stronger association between opioid mortality and child maltreatment in high-poverty counties. Counties with high levels of residential mobility show negative associations between opioid mortality and child maltreatment when mortality levels are low. These findings bolster arguments that child maltreatment can be decreased by reducing poverty and opioid mortality and by increasing opportunities for residential mobility.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44812173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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