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Who Uses the Social Safety Net? Trends in Public Benefit Use among American Households with Children, 1980-2020. 谁在使用社会安全网？1980-2020 年有子女美国家庭使用公共福利的趋势》。
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231200305
Margot Jackson, Ester Fanelli
{"title":"Who Uses the Social Safety Net? Trends in Public Benefit Use among American Households with Children, 1980-2020.","authors":"Margot Jackson, Ester Fanelli","doi":"10.1177/00027162231200305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00027162231200305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasingly, research suggests that overlapping, simultaneous forms of public investment are especially beneficial for child development. However, participation in social safety net programs is rarely universal among the eligible population, and the phenomenon of multiple benefit use is even more complex: which households with children receive multiple benefits, which combinations of benefits are most common, and which households are most likely to access the social safety net as it has expanded in some areas while contracting in others? Using almost 40 years of data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we examine trends in both the number of public benefits accessed by American households with children, as well as the types and combinations of benefits accessed. We find that the percentage of households with children who use at least two benefits has increased during this period. However, the beneficiaries of increasing benefit use have been disproportionately higher-educated, White and married households with incomes above the poverty line.</p>","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the Civic-Building Capacities of Schools: Early Findings from a Survey of Parents and Students 评估学校的公民建设能力:来自家长和学生调查的早期发现
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231179825
Ashley berner, Crystal Spring, Andrea Ochoa
{"title":"Assessing the Civic-Building Capacities of Schools: Early Findings from a Survey of Parents and Students","authors":"Ashley berner, Crystal Spring, Andrea Ochoa","doi":"10.1177/00027162231179825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231179825","url":null,"abstract":"Schools in the U.S. have long been charged with the work of preparing young people for engaged citizenship. Do they, in fact, accomplish this work? Using survey data from 164 schools, we find mixed performance of schools in terms of their civic-building capacity, with striking disconnects between rhetoric and reality. We show that although students rate citizenship as a strong school priority, they are infrequently exposed to activities that support community engagement. Similarly, parents expect classrooms to have open climates in which students are free to discuss and disagree about controversial topics, but students report that such environments are a rarity. Additional findings indicate that lower-socioeconomic-status, female, nonbinary, and public/charter school students are significantly less likely to perceive their classrooms as open, and Black students perceive more open climates than their White counterparts.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
What the Sciences of Human Learning and Development Tell Us about Civic Reasoning and Discourse 人类学习和发展的科学告诉我们关于公民推理和话语
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231188575
Carol D. Lee, Na’ilah Suad Nasir, Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
{"title":"What the Sciences of Human Learning and Development Tell Us about Civic Reasoning and Discourse","authors":"Carol D. Lee, Na’ilah Suad Nasir, Mary Helen Immordino-Yang","doi":"10.1177/00027162231188575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231188575","url":null,"abstract":"There is perhaps no more important skill to cultivate in today’s students than civic reasoning: the ability to think about social issues in complex ways. Civic reasoning involves the integration of knowledge, epistemological orientations, and ethics, and this integration is influenced by individuals’ perceptions of themselves and others, and by the problems they seek to address in the civic domain. We synthesize research from psychology, learning science, human development, and brain development to identify conditions that maximize opportunities for children, adolescents, and adults to learn to engage in civic reasoning. We argue that a commitment to democratic principles, and the development of the reasoning skills and ethical dispositions that undergird them, results in a more engaged populace that is willing and able to understand multiple perspectives and to make sound decisions for the collective good.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Educating Students for Democracy: What Colleges Are Doing, How It’s Working, and What Needs to Happen Next 教育学生民主:大学在做什么，它是如何工作的，以及下一步需要发生什么
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231188567
Elizabeth A. Bennion, Melissa R. Michelson
{"title":"Educating Students for Democracy: What Colleges Are Doing, How It’s Working, and What Needs to Happen Next","authors":"Elizabeth A. Bennion, Melissa R. Michelson","doi":"10.1177/00027162231188567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231188567","url":null,"abstract":"In the U.S., we have historically looked to our educators to prepare citizens for full participation in our democracy as engaged and informed voters. We examine the student voting movement that has taken root in colleges and universities across the country—a movement that offers a promising way forward in forming a new generation of engaged citizens. We detail what we know about how to increase student turnout, suggest ways to strengthen voter mobilization efforts through a broader civic education agenda, chart a path forward for future research, and offer recommendations for college administrators who seek to make voting a lifelong habit for their students. We also look beyond the student voting movement to argue for new forms of pedagogy that foster civic identity so that students think of themselves as voters who always vote, because voting is a necessary way to express themselves as engaged citizens.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future of Civic Education: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice 公民教育的未来:对研究、政策和实践的启示
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231193538
Gregory White, Dian Dong, David E. Campbell, Carol D. Lee
{"title":"The Future of Civic Education: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice","authors":"Gregory White, Dian Dong, David E. Campbell, Carol D. Lee","doi":"10.1177/00027162231193538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231193538","url":null,"abstract":"We present a summary of the volume’s main insights and recommendations for a robust form of civic education that will prepare young people to become civic actors who can take responsibility for upholding and advancing democracy. This volume establishes the need to expand civic education across curricula, beyond a one-shot course. We argue that the challenges of democracy and civic problems we face are multifaceted, requiring reasoned judgment and democratic decision-making, and involving discourse around rights and responsibilities. To meet these challenges, the stature of civic education must be elevated, its content expanded, and its delivery improved upon to ensure that civic learning is meaningful and relevant to students’ diverse lives. Students also need to develop a civic and problem-solving toolkit: this work should start at an early age, involve opportunities to explore their own questions about democracy and civic involvement, and model democratic engagement in their own schools and communities.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civic Education in a Time of Democratic Crisis 民主危机时期的公民教育
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231190539
Gregory White, Dian Dong, David E. Campbell, Carol D. Lee
{"title":"Civic Education in a Time of Democratic Crisis","authors":"Gregory White, Dian Dong, David E. Campbell, Carol D. Lee","doi":"10.1177/00027162231190539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231190539","url":null,"abstract":"This volume features frontiers of scholarship in the political, social, and behavioral sciences that are advancing civic education. The volume begins with an analysis of recent efforts to create a shared agenda for civic learning against a backdrop of politicization in education. Additional articles provide theoretical and empirical support for the knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for students to become engaged civic actors and problem solvers; other contributions offer illustrations of civic learning in action. A cross-cutting theme is the role that cultural contexts and environments play in helping to ensure meaningful student learning in the United States’ multiethnic democracy. The volume concludes with recommendations for research, policy, and practice that can further advance a type of civic education that invigorates and preserves our democratic traditions and prepares students to address the political, socioeconomic, and ecological challenges that loom ever larger on the horizon.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons in Empowerment: The Civic Potential of Historically Grounded Conversations among Racially Marginalized Youth 赋权的教训:种族边缘化青年之间基于历史的对话的公民潜力
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231188576
Matthew D. Nelsen
{"title":"Lessons in Empowerment: The Civic Potential of Historically Grounded Conversations among Racially Marginalized Youth","authors":"Matthew D. Nelsen","doi":"10.1177/00027162231188576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231188576","url":null,"abstract":"Civic education is associated with the development of democratic capacity. However, this concept is measured using a limited battery of metrics (e.g., trust in government) that do not adequately capture the political sentiments of racially marginalized youth. Drawing from conversations with Chicago high school students and their teachers, I argue that democratic capacity should comprise a broader set of attitudes and behaviors, including political empowerment and acts of public voice. In the process, I identify one pedagogical technique associated with the development of empowerment: historically grounded conversations about politics that validate students’ distrust of government. Nationally representative survey data suggests that civic learning experiences of this kind are associated with feelings of political empowerment and that empowerment is associated with multiple forms of political participation, particularly among Black and Latinx youth. Overall, this study provides a path forward for those interested in reimagining civic education in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refocusing Civic Education: Developing the Skills Young People Need to Engage in Democracy 重新聚焦公民教育:培养年轻人参与民主所需的技能
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231177798
D. Sunshine Hillygus, John B. Holbein
{"title":"Refocusing Civic Education: Developing the Skills Young People Need to Engage in Democracy","authors":"D. Sunshine Hillygus, John B. Holbein","doi":"10.1177/00027162231177798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231177798","url":null,"abstract":"Schools have traditionally taken a “just-the-facts-ma’am” approach to civic education, focusing on governmental structures and political systems. We argue that preparing young people to engage with democracy requires far more than rote memorization of facts and figures. Schools should be laboratories of democracy, where young people’s civic intentions are converted into civic behaviors. We argue that to realize that transformation, educators must impart real-world knowledge, practical skills, and nurturing abilities that are not captured by standardized tests of academic achievement: namely, the interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities conducive to civic mindedness. We discuss what these oft-labeled “noncognitive” skills are and how they are measured, review the evidence that shows how they foster democratic participation, articulate a vision for how civics can help develop students’ noncognitive skills, and lay out a research agenda for scholars seeking to teach young people the skills requisite to actively participate in democracy.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Case Studies of Effective Learning Climates for Civic Reasoning and Discussion 公民推理和讨论的有效学习氛围案例研究
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231178627
JAMILA Lyiscott, Cati V. De Los Ríos, Christopher H. Clark
{"title":"Case Studies of Effective Learning Climates for Civic Reasoning and Discussion","authors":"JAMILA Lyiscott, Cati V. De Los Ríos, Christopher H. Clark","doi":"10.1177/00027162231178627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231178627","url":null,"abstract":"While the national media continues to highlight the tensions of cultural politics in education, there is a need for young people and educators to be equipped for the daunting local, national, and global challenges that mark their everyday lives. Many educators and young people alike are interested in engaging youth in civic reasoning and discourse that prepares them to meet those many challenges. This article highlights applications of civic reasoning and discourse in three contexts: a traditional high school social studies classroom, a hybrid school-community action project, and an out-of-school Youth Participatory Action Research program. We argue that these case studies show a path forward for developing students’ civic reasoning and discourse skills because the students turn toward and lean into what we define as moments of critical dissonance: in each case, the students and educators work together to engage, rather than avoid, complex sociopolitical realities, even while holding a variety of racial, ethnic, political, and cultural identities.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Politics by Other Means: Civic Education in a Time of Controversy 其他方式的政治:争议时代的公民教育
2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231189037
Peter Levine
{"title":"Politics by Other Means: Civic Education in a Time of Controversy","authors":"Peter Levine","doi":"10.1177/00027162231189037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231189037","url":null,"abstract":"After being overlooked in major education debates and policy initiatives for decades, civic education has recently become the topic of highly polarized debates and legislative battles over what and how we should be teaching our young people about the nation’s history. How should racial injustice be discussed in schools? Are schools indoctrinating students? In a robust democracy, controversy about what students should learn is appropriate and desirable, but some of the rhetoric that has dominated the recent discussions violates the deliberative norms that schools should help students to develop. At a time when the public should be carefully deliberating how to educate students, civic education is instead being used instrumentally to win political contests. I present one approach to facing this challenge—the Educating for American Democracy project. This project is not the conclusive answer to the question, “What should we teach?” but rather an attempt to model deliberative values, and I show that it offers important lessons for people and institutions who are attempting to address matters of curricular content.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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