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Research on the Effects of Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: Observations and Recommendations 医院暴力干预项目效果研究：观察与建议
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231173323
D. Webster, Joseph B. Richardson, Nicholas S. Meyerson, C. Vil, Rachel J. Topazian
{"title":"Research on the Effects of Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs: Observations and Recommendations","authors":"D. Webster, Joseph B. Richardson, Nicholas S. Meyerson, C. Vil, Rachel J. Topazian","doi":"10.1177/00027162231173323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231173323","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a review of studies on the effects of hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) on subsequent involvement in violence as a victim or perpetrator that included a nontreated control group. We identified seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six observational studies. Most HVIPs evaluated relied principally on credible messengers to engage potential participants and intensive case management to provide social services. Evidence of linkage of HVIPs to community violence intervention programs was lacking. RCTs of the most robust HVIPs showed some evidence of protective effects, but overall evidence of reduced risks for violence was mixed. RCTs were underpowered, and all but one were vulnerable to selection bias. Stronger interventions and research methods are needed to advance our understanding of the potential for HVIPs to reduce risks for future violence.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48525584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Effect of Permissive Gun Laws on Crime 宽松枪支法对犯罪的影响
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231164865
J. Donohue
{"title":"The Effect of Permissive Gun Laws on Crime","authors":"J. Donohue","doi":"10.1177/00027162231164865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231164865","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial evidence has documented a powerful “instrumentality” effect: the more lethal the weaponry employed, the greater the likelihood that death will result from any given assault. This finding provides the foundation for the subsequent findings that a variety of measures that restrict the prevalence or limit the permissible types of lethal weaponry can lower the costs of gun violence. The literature has advanced to the point that there is a sufficient empirical basis to call for the elimination of right-to-carry laws, to reestablish bans on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, to maintain restrictions on youthful access to guns, and to repeal stand-your-ground laws. The Supreme Court’s recent decision expanding the scope of the Second Amendment in New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v. Bruen shows a concerning disinterest in the importance of these empirical findings.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
How Multi-disciplinary Research Centers and Networks Can Advance the Science of Firearm Injury Prevention 多学科研究中心和网络如何推进枪支伤害预防科学
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231166597
Carissa J Schmidt, Leigh Rauk, R. Cunningham, M. Zimmerman, J. Roche, P. Carter
{"title":"How Multi-disciplinary Research Centers and Networks Can Advance the Science of Firearm Injury Prevention","authors":"Carissa J Schmidt, Leigh Rauk, R. Cunningham, M. Zimmerman, J. Roche, P. Carter","doi":"10.1177/00027162231166597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231166597","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm injuries are a leading cause of injury-related deaths in the U.S., but there is a dearth of federal funding for research on firearm injury prevention, compared to funding for research on other injuries and diseases. University research centers/institutes (C/Is) are in a position to help generate such research: they are multidisciplinary, have the capacity to conduct large-scale research projects, and commonly address complex health and social problems. In this article, we trace the history of research on firearm injury prevention, describe the different kinds of C/Is and C/I networks that have been developed to build knowledge in other areas of critical social concern, and argue for the development of a national coordinated network of firearm injury prevention C/Is.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Media Data for Firearms Research: Promise and Perils 枪支研究的社交媒体数据：前景与风险
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231174320
Lisa Singh, C. Gresenz
{"title":"Social Media Data for Firearms Research: Promise and Perils","authors":"Lisa Singh, C. Gresenz","doi":"10.1177/00027162231174320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231174320","url":null,"abstract":"Firearms research has been hindered by a persistent lack of high-quality, reliable, and timely data. Using social media data in firearms research is, therefore, appealing: these data are large in scale, continuously provided, passively obtained, inexpensive in some cases, and easily combined with data from traditional sources. We consider how social media data have been used in firearms research to date and how they can be best used moving forward. Despite the many advantages of using social media data, there are key analytical and ethical considerations associated with their use, including understanding the underlying population, constructing valid and reliable measures from shared content, the possibility of false data and misinformation through fake accounts, and concerns having to do with the privacy and consent of social media users. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, we show that there is a compelling case for the continued development of these data for firearms research and suggest principles for their responsible use in this context.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence 枪支限制、背景调查和许可证法在减少枪支暴力方面的有效性
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231165149
A. Zeoli, Alexander D. McCourt, Jennifer K. Paruk
{"title":"Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence","authors":"A. Zeoli, Alexander D. McCourt, Jennifer K. Paruk","doi":"10.1177/00027162231165149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231165149","url":null,"abstract":"We present the rationale behind four types of laws that restrict access to firearms for those who are deemed to be a high risk for future gun violence and two types of laws that implement firearm purchase prohibitions. We also present evidence on the effectiveness of these laws. Broadly, these are laws that restrict access for domestic violence abusers, individuals convicted of misdemeanor violence, and individuals at high risk of violence against themselves or others. We briefly discuss relinquishment of firearms by those who are newly restricted, but we focus mainly on how purchase restrictions are implemented by the federal government and across states. Extant research shows that well-implemented firearm policy that is based on evidence-based risk factors can be effective in reducing firearm injury.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45193396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Gun Violence and Gun Policy in the United States: Understanding American Exceptionalism 枪支暴力与美国枪支政策——解读美国例外主义
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231174162
Kerri Raissian, Jennifer Necci dineen, C. Crifasi
{"title":"Gun Violence and Gun Policy in the United States: Understanding American Exceptionalism","authors":"Kerri Raissian, Jennifer Necci dineen, C. Crifasi","doi":"10.1177/00027162231174162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231174162","url":null,"abstract":"America has both the highest gun death rate (12 per 100,000 persons) and the highest gun circulation rate (about 121 firearms in circulation for every 100 persons) of any developed country. Taken together, these statistics might lead one to assume that high gun death rates in America are all but a certain outcome. However, gun death rates vary substantially across America suggesting that a range of solutions to reduce gun death and injury exist. This transdisciplinary volume contains a novel collection of articles that overview the evolution of American gun policy, presents evidence on the efficacy of both policy and non-policy interventions, and provides insight on where we go from here given American culture, norms, and legal structures.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44616439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economics and Public Health: Two Perspectives on Firearm Injury Prevention 经济学和公共卫生:枪支伤害预防的两种观点
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231168738
Nathaniel J Glasser, H. Pollack, M. Ranney, M. Betz
{"title":"Economics and Public Health: Two Perspectives on Firearm Injury Prevention","authors":"Nathaniel J Glasser, H. Pollack, M. Ranney, M. Betz","doi":"10.1177/00027162231168738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231168738","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm injury is a major cause of death, disability, and other harms to community well-being across the U.S. Economics and public health offer two complementary perspectives to conceptualize gun violence and formulate strategies to mitigate related harms. Economics offers methods and procedures for tabulating costs of firearm injury and offers an explicit, albeit imperfect normative framework to evaluate proposed interventions. Economics’ focus on incentives, trade-offs, and resources constraints provides useful mechanisms for understanding illegal firearm markets and firearm use that can inform crime reduction efforts. Public health methods and interventions help to measure patterns of illness and disease, identify risks and protective factors, and inform prevention efforts for the most vulnerable individuals and communities. Public health also focuses attention on social determinants and structural factors in designing and evaluating interventions to prevent, address, and mitigate the consequences of gun violence.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42430184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevention Strategies for Policing Gun Violence 枪支暴力的预防策略
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231164481
A. Braga, P. Cook, Stephen Douglas
{"title":"Prevention Strategies for Policing Gun Violence","authors":"A. Braga, P. Cook, Stephen Douglas","doi":"10.1177/00027162231164481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231164481","url":null,"abstract":"The police have the unique capacity to preempt and deter violence and to reduce the use of firearms in violent encounters. But overly aggressive policing tactics have contributed to a fraught relationship with low-income minority communities in which gun violence is heavily concentrated. Increased resources should be devoted to policing gun violence, but efforts of this sort must be targeted and disciplined. Effective policing requires a focus on the places and people that are at greatest risk; and there is a strong case for police agencies to increase the resources devoted to investigations of all criminal shootings, not just homicides. Successful policing of gun violence requires a productive working relationship with victims and their neighbors, which can be facilitated through observing community policing principles and respect for residents’ interests.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gun Culture 2.0: The Evolution and Contours of Defensive Gun Ownership in America 枪支文化2.0:美国防御性枪支所有权的演变和轮廓
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231156292
David Yamane
{"title":"Gun Culture 2.0: The Evolution and Contours of Defensive Gun Ownership in America","authors":"David Yamane","doi":"10.1177/00027162231156292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162231156292","url":null,"abstract":"I trace the evolution of gun culture in the U.S., starting with the prehistorical normality and significance of projectile weaponry among Homo sapiens, then turning to the largely practical use of firearms as tools in the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Early Republic eras (ca. 1607–1850). I highlight the emergence of Gun Culture 1.0, which centered on sport hunting, recreation, and collecting and was the core of American gun culture from approximately 1850 to 2010. I then show the roots of Gun Culture 2.0, which began in the 1960s and 1970s and centered on self-defense. I use various indicators to document that, by 2010, armed self-defense had become the core of American gun culture. In the penultimate section of the article, I use the great gun-buying spree of 2020+ to show the diversity that exists within Gun Culture 2.0, a theme that carries over to the conclusion, where I consider possible future directions of gun culture.","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48579726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effects of Opioid Use during Pregnancy on Infant Health and Well-Being. 妊娠期使用阿片类药物对婴儿健康和幸福的影响。
IF 2.8 2区 社会学
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/00027162231154338
Jessica Pac, Christine Durrance, Lawrence Berger, Deb Ehrenthal
{"title":"The Effects of Opioid Use during Pregnancy on Infant Health and Well-Being.","authors":"Jessica Pac, Christine Durrance, Lawrence Berger, Deb Ehrenthal","doi":"10.1177/00027162231154338","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00027162231154338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we estimate the first causal effects of in utero opioid exposure on infant health at birth and child protective services reports. We employ maternal fixed-effects models using linked administrative data capturing 259,723 infants born to 176,224 mothers enrolled in Medicaid between 2010 and 2019. Our preferred specifications suggest that neonatal abstinence syndrome and NICU admission bear strong associations with prenatal opioid exposure, concentrated on illicit and medication assisted treatment (MAT) exposure in the first and third trimesters. We find that prenatal opioid exposure is associated with increased CPS reports, low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age, though these measures are less sensitive with respect to the timing of exposure. While we detect relatively smaller effects of non-MAT prescription opioid exposure on NAS, NICU admission, low birthweight, these effects are not trivial, suggesting that medical professionals should consider balancing the potential for adverse side effects of infants with the benefits of pain management for pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":48352,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10552918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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