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Black Lives Matter’s effect on police lethal use of force 黑人生命事件对警方使用致命武力的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103587
Travis Campbell
{"title":"Black Lives Matter’s effect on police lethal use of force","authors":"Travis Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How has Black Lives Matter<span> (BLM) influenced police lethal force? An event study design finds census places with early BLM protests experienced a 10% to 15% decrease in police homicides from 2014 through 2019, around 200 fewer deaths. This decrease was prominent when protests were large and frequent. Potential mechanisms behind the reduction include police agencies obtaining body-worn cameras to curtail force and a so-called ‘Ferguson effect.’ Fewer property crime arrests, but more reported murders, were associated with local protests, yet the property crime clearance rate fell.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE insight: Infrastructure and Finance: Evidence from India’s GQ highway network 觉》洞察力：基础设施与金融：印度 GQ 高速公路网络的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103593
Abhiman Das , Ejaz Ghani , Arti Grover , William Kerr , Ramana Nanda
{"title":"JUE insight: Infrastructure and Finance: Evidence from India’s GQ highway network","authors":"Abhiman Das ,&nbsp;Ejaz Ghani ,&nbsp;Arti Grover ,&nbsp;William Kerr ,&nbsp;Ramana Nanda","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use data from Reserve Bank of India to study the impact of India’s Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on finance-dependent activity. Loan volumes increase by 20%–30% in districts along GQ and are stronger in industries<span> more dependent upon external finance<span>. Loan growth begins with increases in average branch size and in places with more pre-GQ loan activity. New branch openings come later, consistent with short-run adjustment costs to expanding branch networks. These patterns are not evident in placebo tests using delayed investments in NS-EW highways. Results suggest the depth of initial financial infrastructure shapes how infrastructure investments impact localities.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The structure and growth of ethnic neighborhoods 少数民族社区的结构与发展
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103570
Tianran Dai, Nathan Schiff
{"title":"The structure and growth of ethnic neighborhoods","authors":"Tianran Dai,&nbsp;Nathan Schiff","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce a new statistical definition of an immigrant ethnic neighborhood based on a choice model and using the location distribution of natives as a benchmark. We then examine the characteristics of ethnic neighborhoods in the United States using decadal census tract data from 1970 to 2010. We estimate that 43% of the foreign-born population lived in ethnic neighborhoods in 1970, increasing to 67% by 2010. Ethnic neighborhoods have lower average incomes and housing values, and a higher percentage of residents living in rental housing and commuting without a car, than other locations in the city where the same group lives. Neighborhoods vary greatly in size and the population distribution across neighborhoods within a group follows a power law. Most neighborhoods disappear within one or two decades but larger neighborhoods persist longer. Large neighborhoods have a well-defined spatial structure with negative population gradients from the center of the neighborhood and grow primarily through spatial expansion into adjacent locations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103570"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48131030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can social media rhetoric incite hate incidents? Evidence from Trump's “Chinese Virus” tweets 社交媒体的言论会引发仇恨事件吗?证据来自特朗普的“中国病毒”推文
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103590
Andy Cao , Jason M. Lindo , Jiee Zhong
{"title":"Can social media rhetoric incite hate incidents? Evidence from Trump's “Chinese Virus” tweets","authors":"Andy Cao ,&nbsp;Jason M. Lindo ,&nbsp;Jiee Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate whether Donald Trump's \"Chinese Virus\" tweets contributed to the rise of anti-Asian incidents. We find that the number of incidents spiked following Trump's initial “Chinese Virus” tweets and the subsequent dramatic rise in internet search activity for the phrase. Difference-in-differences and event-study analyses leveraging spatial variation indicate that this spike in anti-Asian incidents was significantly more pronounced in counties that supported Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election relative to those that supported Hillary Clinton. We estimate that anti-Asian incidents spiked by approximately 4200% in Trump-supported counties compared to an increase of approximately 200% in Clinton-supported counties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A beam of light: Media, tourism and economic development 一束光:媒体、旅游和经济发展
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103575
Samuel Nocito , Marcello Sartarelli , Francesco Sobbrio
{"title":"A beam of light: Media, tourism and economic development","authors":"Samuel Nocito ,&nbsp;Marcello Sartarelli ,&nbsp;Francesco Sobbrio","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tourism accounts for around one tenth of global GDP. We analyze the impact of entertainment media in drawing tourists to filming municipalities (<em>media multiplier</em><span>) and, in turn, the effect of tourism on local economic development (</span><em>tourism multiplier</em>). To quantify the <em>media multiplier</em>, we employ a triple-difference empirical strategy exploiting the staggered international release across the EU of <em>Inspector Montalbano</em><span>, a TV series set in four municipalities of Sicily, a region of Italy. We find that the series release led to a fourfold increase in the number of tourists and boosted tourist expenditure by a factor of 2.5. Furthermore, we provide evidence of positive spillovers in nearby municipalities. To estimate the </span><em>tourism multiplier</em><span>, we exploit the interaction between the filming locations and the time-varying share of countries in which the series was aired, to instrument total tourist expenditure at the municipality-time level. Our results show that a 10% increase in total tourist expenditure translates into an increase in municipal income of 4.7%. We also document the impact of tourism on urban dynamics. Namely, tourism increases (decreases) rental and selling prices in the more (less) tourist-attractive areas within municipalities. All in all, the paper suggests that both entertainment media and tourism can be effective tools to boost local economic development.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Congestion and incentives in the age of driverless fleets 无人驾驶车队时代的拥堵与激励
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103591
Federico Boffa , Alessandro Fedele , Alberto Iozzi
{"title":"Congestion and incentives in the age of driverless fleets","authors":"Federico Boffa ,&nbsp;Alessandro Fedele ,&nbsp;Alberto Iozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diffusion of autonomous vehicles (AVs) will expand the tools to manage congestion. Differently than fleets of traditional vehicles, operators of fleets of AVs will be able to assign different travelers to different routes, potentially inducing different congestion levels (and speed). We look at the effects of the technological transition from traditional to autonomous vehicles. Our model exhibits a unit mass of heterogeneous individuals. Some of them use the services of a fleet, while others do not, and travel independently. With few fleet users, the fleet technology (traditional vs automated vehicles) is immaterial to welfare. On the contrary, when there are many fleet users, we show that, if fleets do not price any individuals out of the market, the differentiation in congestion across routes under the automated fleet is welfare-reducing. When, instead, fleets price some individuals out of the market, the welfare effects of the transition are ambiguous and depend on the interplay between the extent of rationing by both types of fleets and the extent of differentiation by the AVs fleet. Finally, we characterize the tax restoring the first best with AVs. It involves charging different taxes across lanes, starkly different between independent travelers and the fleet. While independent travelers should be charged lane-specific congestion charges, the fleet should be imposed a scheme involving a congestion-based tax and a subsidy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
First time around: Local conditions and multi-dimensional integration of refugees 第一次:难民的当地条件和多维融合
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103588
Cevat Giray Aksoy , Panu Poutvaara , Felicitas Schikora
{"title":"First time around: Local conditions and multi-dimensional integration of refugees","authors":"Cevat Giray Aksoy ,&nbsp;Panu Poutvaara ,&nbsp;Felicitas Schikora","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effect of local unemployment and attitudes towards immigrants at the time of arrival on refugees’ multi-dimensional integration outcomes. We leverage a centralized allocation policy in Germany where refugees were centrally assigned to live in specific counties. To measure sentiments of native residents towards immigrants, we use geo-coded Twitter data, which provides our “negative sentiment index”. Our results show that attitudes towards immigrants are as important as local unemployment rates in shaping refugees’ integration outcomes. A one standard deviation increase in unemployment or in the negative sentiment index predicts five percentage points lower probability of refugees being employed in 2016 to 2018. In additional robustness check, we present an analysis that uses far-right vote share as an alternative measure of sentiments of native residents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Test scores, schools, and the geography of economic opportunity 考试成绩、学校和经济机会的地理位置
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103589
Sulagna Mookerjee, David Slichter
{"title":"Test scores, schools, and the geography of economic opportunity","authors":"Sulagna Mookerjee,&nbsp;David Slichter","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Do standardized test scores in a community indicate whether schools there are effective at producing human capital? Counties with high average test scores produce high-earning adults. But, using data from North Carolina, we find that counties’ <em>effects</em> on test scores are uncorrelated with their effects on income in adulthood. We argue that this is probably because the inputs directly responsible for counties’ effects on test scores do not substantially increase income. In particular, we find that differences in test score production have little to do with teacher quality. Our results suggest that differences in test score production across places are not necessarily a useful measure of the quality of schools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
E-commerce and local labor markets: Is the “Retail Apocalypse” near? 电子商务与本地劳动力市场:“零售业末日”临近了吗?
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103594
Hyunbae Chun , Hailey Hayeon Joo , Jisoo Kang , Yoonsoo Lee
{"title":"E-commerce and local labor markets: Is the “Retail Apocalypse” near?","authors":"Hyunbae Chun ,&nbsp;Hailey Hayeon Joo ,&nbsp;Jisoo Kang ,&nbsp;Yoonsoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid growth of e-commerce is widely blamed for job losses in brick-and-mortar retail. Using geographic variations in online spending, constructed from over 30 billion credit card transactions in Korea, we examine the causal effect of e-commerce on local retail employment. We find that the rise in the share of online spending from 2010 to 2015 decreased county-level retail employment by about 4.9 percent. We also find that employment shifted from offline retail to other local businesses, such as restaurants and personal services. However, the shift in employment was confined to metropolitan areas, falling far short of offsetting employment losses in non-metropolitan areas. Our finding suggests that a Retail Job Apocalypse is likely in certain local labor markets (i.e., non-metropolitan areas).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103594"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE Insight: The Effect of Relaxing Local Housing Market Regulations on Federal Rental Assistance Programs JUE Insight：放松地方住房市场法规对联邦租房援助计划的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103572
Kevin Corinth , Amelia Irvine
{"title":"JUE Insight: The Effect of Relaxing Local Housing Market Regulations on Federal Rental Assistance Programs","authors":"Kevin Corinth ,&nbsp;Amelia Irvine","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The majority of U.S. households that qualify for federal rental housing assistance do not receive it. In the absence of an entitlement to housing assistance, an underexplored cause of the shortfall is that higher rents in some areas driven by supply-constraining local regulations increase program costs, leaving fewer funds available to serve additional families. In this paper, we simulate the effect of increasing housing supply on the cost of Section 8 housing assistance programs in Los Angeles, as well as all 11 metropolitan areas most constrained by local regulations. If Los Angeles (all 11 metropolitan areas) produced new housing units at the same rate as the 90th percentile metropolitan area for a decade, market rents would fall by 18.1 percent (2.0 to 24.0 percent), and federal cost savings would equal $353 million ($1.8 billion), enough to increase the number of assisted families by 23.8 percent (18.6 percent). For comparison, doubling the number of units placed in service through the Low Income Housing Tax Credit for a decade—an alternative method for increasing housing supply—would lead to much lower cost savings of $18 million in Los Angeles, and $231 million across all 11 metropolitan areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41913170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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