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Cities and productivity: Evidence from 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries 城市与生产力:来自16个拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103573
Luis E. Quintero , Mark Roberts
{"title":"Cities and productivity: Evidence from 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries","authors":"Luis E. Quintero ,&nbsp;Mark Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the roles of agglomeration economies and human capital externalities in accounting for productivity variations across sub-national areas in 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries. We estimate positive elasticities of productivity with respect to density. While heterogeneity exists across countries, the estimated agglomeration elasticities for the region are comparable to those estimated in the literature for high-income countries. Including human capital measures reduces the estimated agglomeration elasticities for several countries in our sample. We also find that human capital externalities play a stronger role in explaining spatial productivity differentials than agglomeration economies in the region. By providing comparable estimates of the strength of agglomeration economies and human capital externalities for many non-high-income countries, the paper considerably expands knowledge on the determinants of urban productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nobody’s gonna slow me down? The effects of a transportation cost shock on firm performance and behavior 没人会让我慢下来吗？运输成本冲击对企业绩效和行为的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103569
Catarina Branco , Dirk C. Dohse , João Pereira dos Santos , José Tavares
{"title":"Nobody’s gonna slow me down? The effects of a transportation cost shock on firm performance and behavior","authors":"Catarina Branco ,&nbsp;Dirk C. Dohse ,&nbsp;João Pereira dos Santos ,&nbsp;José Tavares","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the firm-level responses to a substantial increase in transportation costs in the wake of a quasi-experiment that introduced tolls in a subset of Portuguese highways. Exploiting a unique dataset encompassing the universe of Portuguese private firms, we find that the introduction of tolls caused a substantial decrease in turnover (<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10.2</mn></mrow></math></span>%) and productivity (<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4.3</mn></mrow></math></span>%) in treated firms <em>vis-à-vis</em> firms in the comparison group. In response to the tolls, firms substantially cut employment-related expenses and purchases of other inputs. Labor costs were reduced by both employment cuts and a decrease in average wages. While firms did not increase inventory, there is some evidence for increased firm exit, in particular by firms in tradables sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Highways and segregation 公路和隔离
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103574
Avichal Mahajan
{"title":"Highways and segregation","authors":"Avichal Mahajan","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the impact of the Interstate Highway System, constructed between 1950 and 1990 in the United States (US), on racial segregation. To provide causal estimates, I use the 1947 plan of the Interstate Highway System, a variant of the 1947 plan that connects city center pairs in this plan through shortest-distance and exploration routes in the 16th-19th century, as the instruments for actual highways built. Empirical results from census tracts in the US show that the construction of highways led to sorting along racial lines. I find strong evidence of heterogeneous effects based on the initial black population. I do not find any impact of highways on neighborhoods which have a lower share of initial black population. However, there is an increase in the share of the black population for neighborhoods located in close proximity to highways, and which have a higher share of the initial black population. This increase is driven by the white population moving out and black population moving into these neighborhoods. I demonstrate that whites that moved out of neighborhoods, now commute to work, made possible due to access provided by highways. These residents were on average better educated and had a higher income than the residents moving into the neighborhoods. The reasons for this movement are disamenities emanating from highways, and racial preferences for social interactions. Finally, I show that this relationship between highways and segregation is also observed at the aggregate level. Empirical estimates indicate that one new highway passing through the central city leads to 0.02 units increase in the dissimilarity index for the metropolitan area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119023000438/pdfft?md5=103f3c070976279af07f604a8e5ec842&pid=1-s2.0-S0094119023000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49192069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of minimum income on homelessness: Evidence from France 最低收入对无家可归者的影响：来自法国的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103547
Gedeão Locks , Josselin Thuilliez
{"title":"The impact of minimum income on homelessness: Evidence from France","authors":"Gedeão Locks ,&nbsp;Josselin Thuilliez","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In France, childless adults younger than 25 face hard-to-meet eligibility conditions to enroll in the minimum income program. The restrictive requirements generate a “jump” in the number of recipients at ages around 25. We use a Regression Discontinuity (RD) design to assess the impact of the French minimum income program (RSA) on users of accommodation and meal distribution services. We find that the RSA benefit reduces the homelessness rate by 20% among young adults aged 22 to 27. This result is driven by new RSA recipients who have started paying partial rent to third parties, and the probability of becoming a regular tenant increases after age 26. We simulate the effects of lowering the program’s minimum age eligibility on the probability of being homeless. Our findings suggest that in programs directed at homeless individuals, around 60% of expenditures are offset by savings in social assistance costs to the homeless.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48246235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of return migration on employment and wages in Mexican cities 移民回流对墨西哥城市就业和工资的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103557
Dario Diodato , Ricardo Hausmann , Frank Neffke
{"title":"The impact of return migration on employment and wages in Mexican cities","authors":"Dario Diodato ,&nbsp;Ricardo Hausmann ,&nbsp;Frank Neffke","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How does return migration from the US to Mexico affect local workers? Return migrants increase the local labor supply, potentially hurting local workers. However, having been exposed to a more advanced U.S. economy, they may also carry human capital that benefits non-migrants. Using an instrument based on involuntary return migration, we find that, whereas workers who share returnees’ occupations experience a fall in wages, workers in other occupations see their wages rise. These effects are, however, transitory and restricted to the city-industry receiving the returnees. In contrast, returnees permanently alter a city’s long-run industrial composition, by raising employment levels in the local industries that hire them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44391669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Household sorting in an ancient setting 古代背景下的家庭分类
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103548
Abhimanyu Gupta , Jonathan Halket
{"title":"Household sorting in an ancient setting","authors":"Abhimanyu Gupta ,&nbsp;Jonathan Halket","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use archaeological data from ancient settlements of three different historical eras on a Greek island to construct novel measures of consumption. Using these, we show that the shares of high-quality consumption goods were relatively more concentrated closer to the center of nucleated settlements as compared to low-quality consumption goods. There is no such pattern in a placebo settlement. In this unique setting, these quality gradients may reflect differences in household consumption baskets across these settlements. We argue that some alternative, trade or production based hypotheses for such gradients can be weakly ruled out based on our data and archaeological sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49857316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 pandemic and unemployment: Evidence from mobile phone data from China COVID-19大流行与失业:来自中国手机数据的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103543
Teng Li , Panle Jia Barwick , Yongheng Deng , Xinfei Huang , Shanjun Li
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and unemployment: Evidence from mobile phone data from China","authors":"Teng Li ,&nbsp;Panle Jia Barwick ,&nbsp;Yongheng Deng ,&nbsp;Xinfei Huang ,&nbsp;Shanjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on mobile phone records for 71 million users and location tracking information for one million users over almost three years, this study examines the labor market impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in China’s Guangdong province, whose GDP is larger than that of all but the top 12 countries in the world. Using a standard difference-in-differences framework, our analysis shows dramatic and protracted effects of the pandemic on the labor market: it increased unemployment by 72% and unemployment benefits claims by 57% even after the full reopening in 2020 relative to their levels in the same period in 2019. The impact was also highly heterogeneous, with women, workers older than 40, and migrants being more affected. Cities that rely more on export or that have a higher share of the hospitality industry in GDP but a lower share of the finance and healthcare industries experienced a more pronounced increase in unemployment. The lingering impact likely reflects the global transmission of the pandemic’s effects through the supply chain and trade channels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9419630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Locating Public Facilities: Theory and Micro Evidence from Paris 公共设施定位:来自巴黎的理论与微观证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103544
Gabriel Loumeau
{"title":"Locating Public Facilities: Theory and Micro Evidence from Paris","authors":"Gabriel Loumeau","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate location decisions for public facilities. The approach addresses, not only the standard distance-minimizing problem, but also the endogenous location decisions of individuals. The paper develops a quantifiable general equilibrium model with endogenous (residential and commercial) densities, housing prices, commutes to work, as well as to public/private facilities. The framework is applied to the case of secondary schools in Paris’ greater region at a 1km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> geographical scale. The analysis reveals that the observed location decisions made between 2001 and 2015 underestimate the endogenous reaction of individuals. A more decentralized strategy is predicted to increase welfare growth by 10 percent, reduce density in Paris’ center, and shorten commuting times to school globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49857315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the school admission restriction policy on the housing market in Shanghai 入学限制政策对上海住房市场的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103568
Kangzhe Ding, R. Itoh
{"title":"The impact of the school admission restriction policy on the housing market in Shanghai","authors":"Kangzhe Ding, R. Itoh","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE Insight: White flight from Asian immigration: Evidence from California Public Schools JUE洞察：来自亚洲移民的白人逃亡：来自加州公立学校的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103541
Leah Boustan , Christine Cai , Tammy Tseng
{"title":"JUE Insight: White flight from Asian immigration: Evidence from California Public Schools","authors":"Leah Boustan ,&nbsp;Christine Cai ,&nbsp;Tammy Tseng","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the US but we know little about how Asian immigration has affected cities, neighborhoods and schools. This paper studies white flight from Asian arrivals in high-socioeconomic-status suburban Californian school districts from 2000–2016 using initial settlement patterns and national immigrant flows to instrument for entry. We find that, as Asian students arrive, white student enrollment declines in these higher-income suburbs. These patterns cannot be fully explained by racial animus, housing prices, or correlations with Black/Hispanic arrivals. Parental fears of academic competition may play a role.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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