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JUE insight: Ticket to paradise? The effect of a public transport subsidy on air quality 觉》的洞察力：通往天堂的车票？公共交通补贴对空气质量的影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103643
Niklas Gohl , Philipp Schrauth
{"title":"JUE insight: Ticket to paradise? The effect of a public transport subsidy on air quality","authors":"Niklas Gohl ,&nbsp;Philipp Schrauth","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides novel evidence on the impact of public transport subsidies on air pollution. We obtain causal estimates by leveraging a unique policy intervention in Germany that temporarily reduced nationwide prices for regional public transport to a monthly flat rate price of 9 Euros. Using DiD estimation strategies on air pollutant data, we show that this intervention causally reduced a benchmark air pollution index by more than eight percent and, after its termination, increased again. Our results illustrate that public transport subsidies – especially in the context of spatially constrained cities – offer a viable alternative for policymakers and city planers to improve air quality, which has been shown to crucially affect health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139888599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to special issue of Journal of Urban Economics: Race, Social Justice, and Cities 城市经济学杂志》特刊导言：种族、社会正义与城市
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103632
Leah Boustan , David Neumark
{"title":"Introduction to special issue of Journal of Urban Economics: Race, Social Justice, and Cities","authors":"Leah Boustan ,&nbsp;David Neumark","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2024.103632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103632"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black-Friendly businesses in cities during the Civil Rights Era 民权时代城市中的黑人友好型企业
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103640
Maggie E.C. Jones , Trevon D. Logan , David Rosé , Lisa D. Cook
{"title":"Black-Friendly businesses in cities during the Civil Rights Era","authors":"Maggie E.C. Jones ,&nbsp;Trevon D. Logan ,&nbsp;David Rosé ,&nbsp;Lisa D. Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantitative analysis of Black business districts and evidence on the magnitude of social change leading up to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in particular as it relates to the accessibility of public accommodations, is limited. We combine newly digitized data on the precise geocoded location of nearly 6000 Green Book establishments – public accommodations that were friendly towards African American clientele – across major urban areas with existing and new sources of data on social change to understand the dynamics of Black-friendly businesses within cities during the middle of the twentieth century. In doing so, we document a new set of facts. First, we show that the location and growth of Green Book establishments responded to economic forces. Second, we show that there was a large increase in the number of Green Book establishments in cities between 1939 and 1955. Third, for Green Book establishments located in cities for which the Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) drew residential security maps, the vast majority (nearly 70 percent) were located in the lowest-grade, redlined neighborhoods. And finally, we show that 1950s urban renewal projects were related to the contraction of non-discriminatory businesses. Collectively, these facts suggest that more research on Black-owned and Black-friendly businesses is needed to fully understand the economics of urban change in the twentieth century.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009411902400010X/pdfft?md5=9963146847d7a259f42468b672c02741&pid=1-s2.0-S009411902400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139582180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Downs's Law” under the lens of theory: Roads lower congestion and increase distance traveled 理论视角下的 "唐斯定律"：道路减少拥堵，增加行车距离
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103607
Alex Anas
{"title":"“Downs's Law” under the lens of theory: Roads lower congestion and increase distance traveled","authors":"Alex Anas","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Downs (1962) claimed a “Law”: that expressways lower congestion even though they reach maximum traffic flow. In urban economics since Strotz (1965), road capacity is measured by road width, and congestion as the delay in travel: </span><em>wider roads lower congestion</em><span>. Duranton and Turner (2011), in an econometric study, atypically defined congestion, not as delay in travel, but as aggregate vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) relative to the aggregate length of roads, concluding that </span><em>roads are unlikely to relieve congestion</em><span>. We first provide the theory behind “Downs's Law”. Then, in a series of theoretical models, we endogenize rent, income, the value of time, leisure, Marshallian productivity, consumption-linked trips, road costs, spatial detail, and a suburb-to-city expressway competing with existing roads. In each case we prove that adding more road capacity lowers congestion and increases utility in the short run when city population is fixed; and lowers congestion in the long run too despite induced travel or population growth. Aggregate travel cost and VKT rise or fall, depending on how much congestion is lowered, on the cost elasticity of travel demand, on location-based income and substitution effects, and on which roads are widened.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pandemics and cities: Evidence from the Black Death and the long-run 流行病与城市：黑死病和长期的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103628
Remi Jedwab , Noel D. Johnson , Mark Koyama
{"title":"Pandemics and cities: Evidence from the Black Death and the long-run","authors":"Remi Jedwab ,&nbsp;Noel D. Johnson ,&nbsp;Mark Koyama","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Black Death killed 40% of Europe’s population between 1347 and 1352, making it one of the largest shocks in the history of mankind. Using a novel dataset that provides information on spatial variation in plague mortality at the city level, as well as various identification strategies, we explore the short-run <em>and</em><span> long-run impacts of Black Death mortality on city growth. On average, cities recovered their pre-plague populations within two centuries. However, aggregate convergence masked heterogeneity in urban recovery. Both of these facts are consistent with populations returning disproportionally to locations endowed with more rural and urban fixed factors of production. Land suitability and natural and historical trade networks played a vital role in recovery. Our study highlights the role played by the Black Death and physical and economic geography in determining the relative size of European cities.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE insight: The unintended effect of Argentina's subsidized homeownership lottery program on intimate partner violence 觉》的洞察力：阿根廷住房补贴彩票计划对亲密伴侣暴力的意外影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612
Bruno Cardinale Lagomarsino , Martin A. Rossi
{"title":"JUE insight: The unintended effect of Argentina's subsidized homeownership lottery program on intimate partner violence","authors":"Bruno Cardinale Lagomarsino ,&nbsp;Martin A. Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study a natural experiment in Argentina, where low-income women were selected through a lottery system to receive a house and a heavily subsidized long-term mort- gage. We exploit the random assignment to estimate the causal link between sub- sidized homeownership programs and intimate partner violence (IPV). Our analysis utilizes administrative records of the population of women applicants to assess the im- pact of homeownership on IPV, differentiating between women under joint-ownership contracts with their partners and those under single-ownership contracts. We find that the program causes an increase in IPV for women under joint-ownership contracts and a decrease in IPV for women under single-ownership contracts. Our results highlight the importance of considering the design of subsidized homeownership programs and explicitly incorporating measures to facilitate exit from conflicting relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 103612"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE insight: The unintended effect of Argentina's subsidized homeownership lottery program on intimate partner violence 觉》的洞察力：阿根廷住房补贴彩票计划对亲密伴侣暴力的意外影响
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612
Bruno Cardinale Lagomarsino, Martin A. Rossi
{"title":"JUE insight: The unintended effect of Argentina's subsidized homeownership lottery program on intimate partner violence","authors":"Bruno Cardinale Lagomarsino, Martin A. Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study a natural experiment in Argentina, where low-income women were selected through a lottery system to receive a house and a heavily subsidized long-term mort- gage. We exploit the random assignment to estimate the causal link between sub- sidized homeownership programs and intimate partner violence (IPV). Our analysis utilizes administrative records of the population of women applicants to assess the im- pact of homeownership on IPV, differentiating between women under joint-ownership contracts with their partners and those under single-ownership contracts. We find that the program causes an increase in IPV for women under joint-ownership contracts and a decrease in IPV for women under single-ownership contracts. Our results highlight the importance of considering the design of subsidized homeownership programs and explicitly incorporating measures to facilitate exit from conflicting relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The marginal cost of mortality risk reduction: Evidence from housing markets 降低死亡率风险的边际成本：来自住房市场的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103627
Kelly C. Bishop , Nicolai V. Kuminoff , Sophie M. Mathes , Alvin D. Murphy
{"title":"The marginal cost of mortality risk reduction: Evidence from housing markets","authors":"Kelly C. Bishop ,&nbsp;Nicolai V. Kuminoff ,&nbsp;Sophie M. Mathes ,&nbsp;Alvin D. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide the first evidence on the rate at which spatial variation in all-cause mortality risk is capitalized into US housing prices. Using a hedonic framework, we recover the annual implicit cost of a 0.1 percentage-point reduction in mortality risk among older Americans and find that this cost is less than $3453 for a 67 year old and decreasing with age to less than $629 for an 87 year old. These estimates, while similar to estimates from the market for health care, are far below comparable estimates from markets for labor and automobiles, suggesting that the housing market provides an alternative, substantially cheaper channel for reducing mortality risk. We find this conclusion to be robust to a wide range of econometric model specifications, including accounting for associated expenditures on property taxes and the physical and financial costs of moving.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138678426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collaboration and connectivity: Historical evidence from patent records 合作与连接：专利记录的历史证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103629
Thor Berger , Erik Prawitz
{"title":"Collaboration and connectivity: Historical evidence from patent records","authors":"Thor Berger ,&nbsp;Erik Prawitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2023.103629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why has collaboration become increasingly central to technological progress? We document the role of lowered travel costs by combining patent data with the rollout of the Swedish railroad network in the 19th and early-20th century. Inventors that gain access to the network are more likely to produce collaborative patents, which is partly driven by long-distance collaborations with other inventors residing along the emerging railroad network. These results suggest that the declining costs of interacting with others is fundamental to account for the long-term increase in inventive collaboration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119023000992/pdfft?md5=4b6eef278801dc023848a692efbfd3a3&pid=1-s2.0-S0094119023000992-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial and historical drivers of fake news diffusion: Evidence from anti-Muslim discrimination in India 假新闻传播的空间和历史驱动因素：印度反穆斯林歧视的证据
IF 6.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2023.103613
Samira S. Abraham , Gianandrea Lanzara , Sara Lazzaroni , Paolo Masella , Mara P. Squicciarini
{"title":"Spatial and historical drivers of fake news diffusion: Evidence from anti-Muslim discrimination in India","authors":"Samira S. Abraham ,&nbsp;Gianandrea Lanzara ,&nbsp;Sara Lazzaroni ,&nbsp;Paolo Masella ,&nbsp;Mara P. Squicciarini","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2023.103613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What drives the propagation of discriminatory fake news? To answer this question, this paper focuses on India at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: on March 30, a Muslim convention (the <em>Tablighi Jamaat</em>) in New Delhi became publicly recognized as a COVID hotspot. Using Twitter data, we build a comprehensive novel dataset of georeferenced tweets to identify anti-Muslim fake news. First, we document that fake news about Muslims intentionally spreading the virus spiked after March 30. Then, we investigate the geographical and historical determinants of the spread of fake news in a difference-in-difference setting. We find that the diffusion of anti-Muslim false stories was more pronounced (i) in districts closer to New Delhi, suggesting that fake news spread spatially; and (ii) in districts exposed to historical attacks by Muslim groups, suggesting that the propensity to disseminate fake news has deep-rooted historical origins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 103613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119023000839/pdfft?md5=a150207d868d8676bad81b719f8fa513&pid=1-s2.0-S0094119023000839-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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