Fabio Fornari , Daniele Pianeselli , Andrea Zaghini
{"title":"Environmental score and bond pricing: It better be good, it better be green","authors":"Fabio Fornari , Daniele Pianeselli , Andrea Zaghini","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide empirical evidence that the pricing of green bonds tends to be highly sophisticated and is based on a two-tiered approach. When buying a green bond, investors do not look only at the presence of a green label, but also consider additional characteristics of the bond that involve the environmental score of the issuer and the soundness of the underlying project. By comparing the yields at issuance of green bonds to those of a matched control sample of conventional bonds, our baseline specification identifies a premium of 16 basis points for the green label alone. Furthermore, when the environmental score of the issuer is in the top tercile of the cross-sectional distribution, the greenium increases potentially doubling. Green certification and periods of heightened climate uncertainty also significantly affect the size of the greenium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-varying effects of monetary policy shocks in five asian countries","authors":"Joonyoung Hur , Soyoung Kim , Yeil Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the time-varying effects of monetary policy shocks in five Asian countries—Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand—over the post-2000 period using a time-varying coefficient VAR (TVC-VAR) model. We find that the macroeconomic effects of monetary policy shocks on output and prices have generally intensified over time, whereas the responsiveness of the policy interest rate to macroeconomic conditions has become more limited. To further explore the sectoral transmission mechanisms relevant for inclusive growth, we decompose output into external (exports) and internal (domestic demand) components. The results show that while the responses of exports to monetary policy shocks remain limited, the effects on domestic demand have gradually strengthened over time. These findings underscore the growing importance of the domestic sector in the transmission of monetary policy and highlight the need to account for sectoral asymmetries when designing effective and equitable monetary policy frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junsoo Lee , Md. Towhidul Islam , Margie Tieslau , James E. Payne , Saban Nazlioglu
{"title":"Trends of relative commodity prices with comovements and structural breaks","authors":"Junsoo Lee , Md. Towhidul Islam , Margie Tieslau , James E. Payne , Saban Nazlioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Prebisch-<span><span>Singer (1950</span></span>, PS) hypothesis posits a long-term decline in the relative prices of primary commodities (natural resources) compared to manufactured goods. This hypothesis carries important implications for resource management, economic growth, and the terms of trade in developing countries. It raises two critical questions that are inherently interlinked: (1) Do relative commodity prices exhibit a negative trend? and (2) Are these prices non-stationary? When addressing these questions, prior analyses have often overlooked the potential influence of cross-correlations among relative commodity prices. In this study, we jointly address these questions while explicitly accounting for cross-correlations. To achieve this, we first employ a dynamic factor model, which effectively captures the shared variations across commodity prices. Additionally, we incorporate the Fourier function to model smooth structural breaks, allowing for the identification of gradual changes in the underlying trend. The combined use of these methods yields significant insights. Our findings provide robust evidence supporting the PS hypothesis over the period 1900–2020, highlighting the persistent and systematic decline in the relative prices of primary commodities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate risk and central banking in Asia: balancing price stability and financial stability","authors":"Sayuri Shirai","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is increasingly recognized as having material impacts on the economy and inflation. However, its integration into core monetary policy frameworks—such as inflation targeting or policy rate setting—remains limited in scope and depth. Instead, some central banks apply green considerations to peripheral tools such as lending facilities, collateral frameworks, or reserve management, whose impact can be enhanced with clear taxonomies or similar classification systems. Looking ahead, the direct integration of climate factors into monetary policy may become feasible when (a) climate risks have measurable and persistent impacts on inflation and output; (b) reliable data are incorporated into macroeconomic forecasting models, and (c) mandates explicitly allow consideration of such risks. By contrast, financial stability frameworks have been advancing more rapidly, with central banks and financial supervisors embedding climate risks into prudential reviews and conducting climate scenario analysis or stress testing. To promote banks’ further climate actions, encouraging climate-related disclosure including financed emissions and adopting common methodologies is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-pandemic monetary policy in Korea: toward an Integrated Policy Framework","authors":"Changyong Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In conducting monetary policy since the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of Korea (BOK) faced trade-offs among policy objectives. During the tightening cycle to curb inflation, the BOK experienced sharp currency depreciation driven by the Federal Reserve’s faster rate hikes, alongside heightened financial instability. As the BOK’s policy stance shifted, financial imbalances intensified, and political turmoil emerged thereafter. The Bank has addressed the trade-offs by employing various combinations of policy tools, which aligns with the core principles of Integrated Policy Framework developed by the IMF and the BIS. Throughout this process, the BOK has gained key lessons, including the importance of policy cooperation, the challenges of communication, and the need for flexible policy responses with long-term perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Phillips curve dynamics enhance business cycle synchronization analysis in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Nico Petz , Thomas O. Zörner","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes business cycle synchronization and the Phillips curve relationship in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European (CESEE) economies relative to the euro area. Using business cycles extracted with a Kalman filter and applying several synchronization measures, we find that CESEE EU countries are more closely aligned with the euro area than their non-EU counterparts. Heterogeneities are most pronounced during the early 2000s, the global financial crisis, and the euro crisis. We find strong evidence of a time-varying unemployment-inflation relationship, with a post-COVID-19 steepening of the Phillips curve and negative slope coefficients in nearly all countries. Phillips curve slopes increasingly converge toward the euro area, particularly among EU members whose post-2022 dynamics are closely aligned. These results highlight the role of EU membership in fostering economic synchronization and the need to account for time variation when assessing convergence in the face of major shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of government spending shocks by household indebtedness: An OECD panel analysis","authors":"Yeil Lee , Joonyoung Hur","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how the macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks vary with different levels of household indebtedness, using a state-dependent panel local projection method for 26 OECD economies. Our findings indicate that the stimulative effects of government spending are more pronounced when household debt levels are low. We further classify the countries into two groups—those with international currencies and those without—and analyze how the state-dependent effects of government spending vary between these groups. The empirical results show that the impact of government spending shocks is significantly influenced by household indebtedness levels in countries with non-international currencies, whereas this dependency is much weaker in countries with international currencies. This disparity can be attributed to the interplay between consumption patterns and debt deleveraging pressures, with long-term interest rates also playing a partial role. These results also underscore a potential policy paradox, wherein the effectiveness of fiscal interventions in stimulating aggregate demand may diminish at times when elevated household indebtedness renders stimulus most necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michail Litainas , Peter McAdam , Alberto Montagnoli , Konstantinos Mouratidis
{"title":"News and surprises: Revisiting fiscal shocks in the open economy","authors":"Michail Litainas , Peter McAdam , Alberto Montagnoli , Konstantinos Mouratidis","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research on fiscal policy, evidence on the international transmission of structural fiscal shocks remains limited and inconclusive. We address three gaps. First, we confront the perfect-foresight problem by incorporating a proxy for fiscal policy news into a multi-country VAR model—to our knowledge, the first such study to use this proxy to measure cross-border transmission of US fiscal shocks in a detailed setting. Second, we estimate a Bayesian multi-country VAR that, unlike two-country approaches, fully captures higher-order spillovers. Third, we revisit the interpretation of fiscal multipliers from New Keynesian closed-economy models. We find: (i) international spillovers operate mainly through trade (expenditure switching and boosting); (ii) transmission hinges on each recipient’s growth model; (iii) higher-order spillovers substantially amplify direct spillovers; and (iv) the exchange rate puzzle reflects omitted variables and policy regime effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exchange rates and cross-border consumer spending: Evidence from retail payments data","authors":"Laura Felber","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cross-border consumer spending in small open economies. Exploiting an unexpected and persistent central bank-induced exchange rate appreciation of more than 20% and drawing on a unique dataset of over 500 million anonymized debit and credit card transactions, I document a substantial and immediate impact on consumer spending. While cross-border shopping by domestic consumers is estimated to have increased by 4% in the quarter of the shock, tourism spending by foreign consumers declined by up to 9%. The strongest spending adjustments are observed among domestic consumers living near the border and foreign consumers from neighboring countries. The latter exhibit high exchange rate sensitivity on both the extensive and intensive margins, with an overall elasticity of 0.66, and shift their consumption from higher- to lower-value goods and services. These findings suggest significant substitution effects in consumption on impact and emphasize the important role of cross-border shopping in small open economies. The paper provides insights for policymakers, especially in small open economies where exchange rates, via the trade channel, are a key determinant of economic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extremes in FX returns and fundamentals","authors":"Phornchanok Cumperayot , Casper G. de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The likelihood of extreme FX returns is way higher than predicted by the normal distribution. Theory holds that macroeconomic fundamental shocks drive the exchange rate. If so, are there any extreme linkages between the variables? This article directly links large movements in exchange rates to economic fundamentals by means of multivariate extreme value theory (EVT). We find evidence for such a linkage between large depreciations and increases in money supply, prices, and interest rates. The relationship in the tails between the FX returns and observed monetary variables is documented during currency crisis episodes in Asian and Latin American countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}