Pietro Fadda , Rayane Hanifi , Klodiana Istrefi , Adrian Penalver
{"title":"Central bank communication of uncertainty","authors":"Pietro Fadda , Rayane Hanifi , Klodiana Istrefi , Adrian Penalver","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we examine how central bankers communicate confidence and uncertainty in their narrative about the state of the economy when deciding policy, and how this communication relates to their policy decisions. We use text analysis techniques to construct forward and backward looking sentiment measures of policymakers’ confirmation and surprise from the published Minutes of the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank. We show that the communication of confirmation and surprise has statistical power to explain monetary policy decisions, and that both types of communication convey signals. Our results suggest that policymakers signal a higher likelihood of policy inaction and easing when communicating higher uncertainty and surprise, and a lower likelihood of easing when confirming trends. The latter is explained by the intensity of the inflation topic in confirmation quotes, whereby a higher confirmation with regard to inflation indicates a higher confidence of policymakers to tighten policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric inflation target credibility","authors":"Winnie Coleman , Dieter Nautz","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the determinants of inflation target credibility (ITC) using a unique survey we designed to measure the credibility of the ECB’s inflation target. Containing over 200,000 responses from German consumers collected between January 2019 and November 2024, our dataset enables us to estimate the effect of both positive and negative deviations of inflation from the 2 % target on ITC. In contrast to the symmetry of the ECB’s inflation target, we find that ITC is asymmetric, i.e., consumers respond significantly and plausibly signed to target deviations only when inflation is above target. When inflation is below target, however, the credibility of the inflation target cannot be improved by raising the inflation rate to close the gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate investment decisions amid climate risks: Relocate or stay?","authors":"Yi-Shuai Ren , Tony Klein , Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical and transitional risks of climate change have garnered widespread attention. Based on data on companies listed in China’s A-shares from 2007 to 2022, we find that climate risks are positively associated with corporate cross-regional investment (CORI), particularly through transition risks rather than physical risks. Furthermore, non-heavily and non-politically connected firms, larger and more diversified firms, and those in the growth and maturity stages are more inclined toward CORI under climate risk. Mechanistic studies show that climate risk can positively impact CORI by increasing the financial pressure on firms and destabilising their supply chains. Furthermore, local government climate policies and better management amplify the impact of climate risks on CORI. Additionally, climate risk improves ESG performance and productivity, with CORI acting as the mediating channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who pays the greenium and why? A decomposition","authors":"Daniel Fricke, Christoph Meinerding","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The average yield differential between a green and a matched conventional bond (“greenium”) is statistically and economically significant and amounts to roughly minus 3 basis points. We decompose this greenium along the bonds’ ownership structure and document that investment funds, banks and insurance companies pay most of it. Dissecting further, the greenium paid by investment funds (and their clients) is mostly explained by an average level effect, confirming the narrative that these investors have non-pecuniary sustainability preferences. The greenium paid by banks is markedly different and cannot be explained by such preferences. Rather banks both overweight specific green bonds with a sizable greenium and underweight green bonds without any sizable greenium, pointing towards an interaction between the greenium and bank-related financial frictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trends and key determinants of firm-level integration","authors":"Thomas Conlon, John Cotter, Ioannis Ropotos","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We measure market integration at a firm-level for all US companies with the rest of the world. While we observe that integration increased through the years for the US as a whole, there are differences across firms according to their characteristics. Past research indicates that large firms, significant exporters and firms held primarily by institutional investors are more integrated. However, not all characteristics affect integration to the same degree. As such, we characterize the key factors that account for most of the total panel variation of firm-level integration. The corporate spread between BAA and AAA bond indices is the most important variable that determines the level of integration of a stock followed by size, institutional ownership and foreign sales. When we categorize our variables into groups, we find that <em>Macro</em>, <em>Market</em> and <em>Ownership</em> variables matter the most. In general, <em>Macro</em> variables are the primary drivers of US integration levels and have an effect that is larger than any firm characteristic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal credit development regimes and impact of foreign capital flows","authors":"François D’Assises Babou Bationo","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate optimal credit development and examine the role of foreign capital flows. We use data from 87 countries to estimate plausible econometric models. We find evidence of four existing credit development regimes. We show the existence of a <em>growth-enhancing credit development regime</em> where any credit allocation to the economy promotes economic growth. We also use disaggregated foreign capital flows to investigate the impact of these capital flows on credit development regimes. We find that the impact of foreign capital flows depends on the type of foreign capital flows, the credit development regime and the level of countries’ economic development. Portfolio debt inflows are mainly associated with a moderate credit development regime. However, portfolio equity inflows and other debt inflows are mainly associated with a high credit development regime. We argue that, in their credit allocation behavior, banks tend to strategically use portfolio debt inflows in a moderate credit development regime, and portfolio equity inflows and other debt inflows (not in portfolio debt) in a high credit development regime. Finally, we study credit development regimes around the start of financial crises. We find that the second credit development regime—which is strongly associated with economic growth—is not associated with future financial crises. We call this regime <em>the optimal credit development regime</em>. We also find that the third credit development regime—which still has a positive impact on economic growth—can lead to financial crises two years later. We call this regime <em>the arbitrage credit development regime</em>. These results provide a new perspective on credit development in an environment of international economic and financial integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fiscal spillovers through informal financial channels","authors":"Austin Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines fiscal policy spillovers through informal international financial channels, using the US stimulus checks as a positive, sudden, and direct fiscal shock. I utilize granular, transaction-level cryptocurrency data combined with an algorithm to probabilistically identify cross-border “crypto vehicle\" transactions to construct bilateral cryptocurrency flows between countries. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I compare cryptocurrency outflows between the US and other high-income countries and find a sharp but temporary increase in cryptocurrency outflows as a result of the direct stimulus. I quantify the fiscal spillover relative to expenditure and place an upper bound of 2.52 % through this channel. This implies that fiscal spillovers through remittance channels are likely modest in size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When austerity pays off: fiscal consolidations and public sector efficiency in emerging markets","authors":"José Alves , João Tovar Jalles , Lucas Menescal","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the impact of fiscal consolidations on public sector efficiency in emerging market economies. We examine how efforts to reduce government deficits and debt influence the efficiency of public sector operations. Using the local projections method on a panel of 41 emerging markets from 1997 to 2019, we estimate the dynamic effects of consolidation shocks. Results indicate that expenditure-based consolidations improve public sector efficiency, especially when consolidations are large, occur during downturns, or when initial debt levels are high. Tax-based consolidations show no significant impact. These findings suggest that well-structured expenditure cuts can enhance operational efficiency, making fiscal adjustments more effective. Our paper contributes to the literature on fiscal policy by highlighting the role of consolidation composition in shaping efficiency outcomes. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers designing fiscal strategies in emerging economies, balancing fiscal sustainability with efficient public service delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Markov-switching dynamic factor framework for dating global economic cycles","authors":"Arabinda Basistha","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An important issue in identifying global recessions is the limited availability of output data at the quarterly and monthly frequencies over longer time horizons. A related issue is the heterogeneity in evidence about specific recessionary episodes. We utilize the context that commodity prices are determined in the global markets, and four base metals have flexible nominal prices at the monthly frequency from the 1960s. We use the base metal prices to supplement the information about the global economy in the GDP data of 32 countries and the World Industrial Production index. We estimate the quarterly episodes of global recessions from the 1960s using extended Markov-switching dynamic factor models with multiple indicators. We further adapt the quarterly models to a mixed-frequency Markov-switching dynamic factor model to estimate the monthly episodes. Our estimates show eight episodes of global recessions at the quarterly frequency. Monthly estimates also capture the eight quarterly episodes of global recessions. The results are robust to several model and data sensitivity analyses. Regressions using 32 countries show reductions in GDP growth for all countries during the global recession episodes. Further analysis shows that the four global recessions that are common with other studies are deeper and more widespread recessions than the other four downturns. The analysis highlights heterogeneity in the size and the spread of global recessions while providing empirical evidence in favor of four specific recessions with mixed support in the past literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdinc Akyildirim , Shaen Corbet , Michael Ryan , Abhishek Mukherjee
{"title":"The influence of maritime freight cost tail risk on publicly traded industrial and transport companies","authors":"Erdinc Akyildirim , Shaen Corbet , Michael Ryan , Abhishek Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of maritime freight cost tail risk events on stock market prices of industrial and transport-related firms. Our findings reveal a significant asymmetry: extreme negative movements in these indices have a disproportionately large adverse impact on stock returns compared to extreme positive movements. As these indices serve as barometers of global economic health, sharp declines signal contractions in global demand, fuelling investor apprehension. These concerns outweigh the potential benefits of lower input costs for most firms. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity among stock responses. Notably, owing to their perceived higher risk, smaller firms and those with ESG controversies are more severely impacted by these negative tail-risk events. Further, we document that strong ESG commitments are sometimes beneficial during negative tail risk events, but not always. These mixed findings suggest that the effects of ESG commitments during tail risk events operate through multiple channels, and these impacts may vary depending on firm characteristics and the nature of the ESG activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}