Barry Eichengreen , Akiko Terada-Hagiwara , Yothin Jinjarak
{"title":"Fiscal rules in monetary union: insights from Europe for the PRC","authors":"Barry Eichengreen , Akiko Terada-Hagiwara , Yothin Jinjarak","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many respects, the challenges of local government debts in the People's Republic of China (PRC) parallel those faced by members of the European Union, which also contend with high deficits and debts in a currency union. European fiscal rules shed light on issues for the PRC, including the difficulty in assessing fiscal compliance, the necessity of adaptable governance, the intricacies of political processes, and enforcement challenges in operating fiscal rules. Our assessment points to the significance of context-specific strategies for addressing local government debts with a rule-based fiscal framework for it to be operational for the PRC. We provide corroborating evidence from PRC provinces, Euro member states, and German Länder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The trade-inflation nexus: The role of production networks","authors":"Thuy Hang Duong , Weifeng Larry Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From the 1990s until the COVID-19 pandemic, the world experienced a sustained period of low and stable inflation, alongside a marked increase in trade integration among countries. This paper examines the impacts of international trade on inflation through domestic production networks. We first construct a theoretical model of an open economy to illustrate how domestic input–output networks propagate the price impacts of trade shocks. Using Australia as a case study, we find that the network impacts of trade shocks on inflation are as significant as their direct impacts, and primarily propagate upstream, based on data from 47 manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2023. Australia’s low inflation before COVID benefited from increased exposure to China’s low-cost exports, while inflation surged during episodes of global supply chain disruptions, among other factors. This paper underscores the importance of economic globalization and production structures for inflation, and offers several implications for monetary and trade policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingyuan Du , Shengjie Hong , Yao Wang , Yaqi Wang
{"title":"Exchange rate, foreign currency debt and firm-level investment","authors":"Qingyuan Du , Shengjie Hong , Yao Wang , Yaqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility on firm-level investment, highlighting the role of the financial channel for firms that borrow in foreign currencies. Using Chinese firm-level data (2000–2021), we find that an increase in exchange rate volatility significantly reduces investment for firms with foreign currency debt. The results suggest that exchange rate volatility has a more pronounced effect on firm investment through the financial channel, compared with the trade channel commonly discussed in the literature. Our investigation into debt structure reveals that the impact of exchange rate volatility due to long-term foreign currency debt exposure and the US dollar exchange rate volatility exposure is particularly pronounced among Chinese firms. Moreover, our analyses identify the real option, precautionary savings and cross-industry spillover mechanisms as key factors determining the impact of exchange rate volatility on Chinese firm investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Avdjiev , Leonardo Gambacorta , Linda S. Goldberg , Stefano Schiaffi
{"title":"The risk sensitivity of global liquidity flows: Heterogeneity, evolution and drivers","authors":"Stefan Avdjiev , Leonardo Gambacorta , Linda S. Goldberg , Stefano Schiaffi","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The period after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was characterized by a considerable risk migration within global liquidity flows, away from cross-border bank lending towards international bond issuance. We show that the post-GFC shifts in the risk sensitivities of global liquidity flows are related to the tightness of the balance sheet (capital and leverage) constraints faced by international (bank and non-bank) lenders and to the migration of borrowers across funding sources. We document that the risk sensitivity of global liquidity flows is higher when funding is provided by financial intermediaries that are facing greater balance sheet constraints. We also provide evidence that the post-GFC migration of borrowers from cross-border loans to international debt securities was associated with a decline in the risk sensitivity of global liquidity flows to EME borrowers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic effects of fiscal rules: Do initial conditions Matter?","authors":"Antonio Fatás , Bram Gootjes , Joseph Mawejje","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiscal rules have been shown to support fiscal discipline by improving government budget balances and restraining the growth of debt. However, questions remain about what enhances their effectiveness and how certain conditions help to build the credibility needed for their survival and success. Using data from 116 countries between 1984 and 2015, this paper studies the dynamic effects of fiscal rule adoption. It shows that although fiscal rules generally improve the cyclically adjusted primary balance, their effects depend on the time horizon under consideration and the context of adoption. In advanced economies and countries with strong political institutions, the effects strengthen over time. Conversely, in emerging markets and developing economies—especially those with weaker institutions—their impact tends to fade as time passes. The findings highlight the critical role of economic conditions and consensus building at the time of adoption. Specifically, fiscal rules introduced in times of economic hardship or under highly concentrated political power are often less effective in the medium term. Good design of fiscal rules is important, but it is no silver bullet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A quasi-experiment in monetary policy: The impact of unexpected easing on inflation expectations and firm behavior","authors":"Okan Akarsu , Emrehan Aktuğ , Altan Aldan , Ünal Seven","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper leverages a rare quasi-experiment—the unexpected September 2021 interest rate cut by the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye—to examine how inflation expectations shape firm behavior in a high-inflation environment. Drawing on a rich dataset that combines monthly survey responses with administrative records, we exploit the heterogeneous revisions in firms’ inflation expectations triggered by the policy shock. Firms that significantly increased their inflation forecasts (treated) subsequently became more pessimistic about economic conditions, reduced employment, and curbed domestic sales. At the same time, they strategically raised procurement, acquired more foreign currency assets, and boosted borrowing in local currency—even at higher costs—in anticipation of debt erosion. These patterns suggest that firms’ heightened inflation expectations drive both defensive and opportunistic behaviors, ranging from hedging against currency depreciation to locking in lower financing costs. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of inflation expectations in guiding firm-level decisions and document the importance of policy credibility in volatile macroeconomic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital safeguards in trade wars: assessing the impact of China’s CBEC pilot zone on global supply chain resilience","authors":"Haoyuan Ding , Daming Huang , Zida Li , Xingyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores whether China Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) Comprehensive Pilot Zone served as a cushion for global supply chains against the shock of the China-U.S. trade war. Leveraging micro-level supply chain data and a difference-in-differences design, we find participation in CBEC Comprehensive Pilot Zone reduces supply chain disruptions by 4.1 percentage points – equivalent to a 53 % decline relative to the mean, and the mitigating effect is particularly pronounced for non-U.S. trade partners and industries not directly targeted by tariffs. Further analysis identifies four underlying mechanisms: (1) easing financial constraints, (2) reducing information costs and negotiation costs, (3) leveraging trade infrastructure, and (4) synergies with customers’ institutional quality. Moreover, firms in CBEC comprehensive pilot zones also establish more U.S. relationships in non-targeted industries, exhibiting lower costs and higher operational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond borders: spillover effects of US monetary policy on the financial stress of emerging market economies","authors":"Aariya Sen , Rudra Sensarma","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greater integration among world economies have made Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) susceptible to actions of developed countries. While the literature has studied cross-border ramifications of monetary policy decisions, the effects on financial stress and the role of policy independence of the domestic economies have been ignored. We examine the spillover effects of the US Fed’s monetary policy, including Unconventional Monetary Policy (UMP) episodes, on financial stress of EMEs. We also explore the role of EMEs’ monetary policy independence by examining whether the spillover effects are moderated by the responsiveness of an EME’s interest rates to that of the US. We analyse the impact of the US Monetary Policy Shocks (MPS) on the financial stress and monetary independence of 18 EMEs during 2008–2021. The results from Pooled Mean Group estimation reveal that Fed monetary tightening is associated with higher financial stress of EMEs. Furthermore, monetary independence of the EMEs provide a buffer from these spillover effects. These findings underscore the importance of EMEs recognizing the spillover effects of global shocks on their financial markets and the need to safeguard themselves through appropriate institutional design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FOEs and the transmission of US monetary policy shocks: Evidence from China","authors":"Yuanyuan Li , Xun Wang , Jingwen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transmission mechanisms of global liquidity shocks have garnered significant attention, particularly in the context of emerging market economies. This study contributes to this literature by empirically examining a novel household income channel through which foreign-owned enterprises (FOEs) propagate US monetary policy shocks to host countries. Leveraging a large Chinese individual-level survey dataset, we uncover a hitherto understudied mechanism linking external monetary tightening to income dynamics in the private sector. Tightening US monetary policy shocks exhibit a significantly larger contractionary effect on individuals employed in FOEs relative to those in non-FOEs. These spillover effects are more pronounced for individuals working in industries with greater external financial dependence and in provinces with less developed financial sector. Moreover, the income dampening effect of US monetary policy shocks through FOEs affects household consumption, and households with greater financing constraints are more prominently affected. Our paper provides new insights into how FOEs act as transmission intermediaries for external liquidity shocks, affecting the host country’s economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global trade network and the cross-section of international stock market returns","authors":"Tong Fang , Peng Liu , Zhi Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the relationship between global trade network centrality and international stock market returns. We find that trade network centrality negatively and significantly predicts future international stock market returns. The Fama-MacBeth regression results also indicate that trade network centrality is priced in international stock market returns, and central (peripheral) economies have lower (higher) stock market returns. A centrality-based long-short trading strategy generates a significant centrality premium, and the risk-adjusted portfolio returns estimated by Fama-French factor models are also significant. We provide several potential explanations and empirically suggest that domestic consumption volatility, international consumption risk-sharing, conflict risk and information asymmetry shed light on the relationship between global trade network centrality and the cross-section of international stock market returns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Money and Finance","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 103507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}