Jessica Fitts Willoughby, Stacey J. T. Hust, Leticia Couto, Jiayu Li, Soojung Kang
{"title":"Sex, Romance, or Recreation? An Experiment Testing the Effects of Cannabis Brand-generated Social Media Ads on College Students’ Expectancies and Intentions to Use Cannabis Prior to Sex","authors":"Jessica Fitts Willoughby, Stacey J. T. Hust, Leticia Couto, Jiayu Li, Soojung Kang","doi":"10.1177/00936502261480401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261480401","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual and romantic scripts are used to market cannabis products, now legal for adult-use in several U.S. states. We conducted an online experiment ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 747) examining the impact of viewing brand-generated social media posts promoting cannabis that included sexual, romantic, and non-sexual non-romantic recreational scripts among college students in Washington state. Increased perceptions that ads suggested cannabis enhances sex were associated with higher sex-related cannabis expectancies. Among men, wishful identification was associated with lower sexual risk expectancies among those who viewed sexual scripts and a greater likelihood of intending to use cannabis before sex among those who viewed sexual or romantic scripts. Among women, perceiving that ads suggested cannabis enhances sex was associated with a greater likelihood of intending to use cannabis before sex, whereas perceiving that ads suggested cannabis impacts sexual consent was associated with a lower likelihood of intending to use cannabis before sex. Additionally, wishful identification among women was associated with a greater likelihood of intending to use cannabis before sex. Findings highlight associations between perceptions of brand-generated social media posts, expectancies, and intentions to use cannabis before sex among college students and identify mechanisms through which effects may occur.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Less Effort to Believe and More Effort to Disbelieve: Examining the Interplay between News-Finds-Me and Affective Polarization in Political Fake News Susceptibility in the United States","authors":"Yu Tian, Lars Willnat, Baohua Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00936502261472023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261472023","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon an online survey of 719 US adult partisans incorporating response latency data, we connected News-Finds-Me (NFM) to the partisan-motivated reasoning literature and theorized it as a consensus-based mode of news exposure that leads to different news-processing pathways, where the vested news-processing effort depends on whether the political falsehood aligns with one’s partisan identity and surrounding majority opinion. Individual-level analysis and headline-level modeling jointly illuminated the asymmetric interplay between NFM and affective polarization. In partisan-consistent scenarios, high-NFM users devoted limited processing time, falling short of cognitive effort to enable affect-laden, directional believing of partisan-consistent fake news. However, when challenged by partisan inconsistency, high-NFM users dedicated significantly more processing time, which exacerbated the relationship between affective polarization and refutation of partisan-inconsistent falsehoods. Contrarily, such an effort discrepancy, widely documented in the partisan-motivated reasoning literature, was weakened or reversed for low-NFM individuals. Extending the “Effort-Reinforces-Directional-Reasoning” thesis to fake news vulnerability, our findings underscore the paradoxical interplay between NFM and affective polarization: while NFM and affective polarization deviate people from active news-seeking and accuracy-oriented reasoning, their joint dynamics form a type of group thinking that reduces vulnerability to partisan falsehoods—even those aligned with one’s partisan attachments.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Exposure to Creation: Cultivating Narrative Ownership to Reduce Stigma","authors":"Xun Zhu","doi":"10.1177/00936502261478972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261478972","url":null,"abstract":"Stories are powerful agents of attitude change, including attitudes toward stigmatized groups. However, existing theories have focused on narrative exposure, with limited attention to narrative creation. Creating a story involves simulating characters and events and expressing them through language, which may engage unique psychological processes. This research investigates how and why creating stories shapes stigma. In three experiments, participants wrote, imagined, or read a positive story about a stigmatized character. Study 1 showed that narrative creation, especially writing, increased psychological ownership, which predicted greater transportation and lower stigma. Study 2 replicated these findings using a different stigmatized group. Study 3 showed that psychological ownership continued to explain the effects of narrative creation above and beyond perceived agency. These findings extend theories of narrative persuasion by considering the effects of story creation on intergroup attitudes and introducing psychological ownership as a novel mechanism linking creation to narrative processing and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjia Yan, Li Crystal Jiang, Yiqian Gao, Pingping Jia
{"title":"What Do We Mean by Transparency? Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Transparency in Communication","authors":"Wenjia Yan, Li Crystal Jiang, Yiqian Gao, Pingping Jia","doi":"10.1177/00936502261470088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261470088","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing 164 articles from communication journals published between 2002 and 2024, this scoping review systematically investigates temporal trends, conceptualizations, and operationalizations of transparency research within communication studies. The analysis identifies three primary conceptual dimensions of transparency: (1) information, encompassing both visibility and interpretation; (2) relations, functioning as an intermediary between dialogue and power; (3) values and norms, reflecting the tensions between ethical ideals and institutional constraints. Operationalization of transparency has predominantly relied on informational measures, whereas relational and value-based dimensions remain comparatively underdeveloped. Increasing attention has been directed toward subjective stakeholder perceptions, emphasizing transparency as a dynamic and context-dependent construct. Overall, the findings indicate that transparency extends beyond a stable informational attribute to incorporate relational and normative functions, while its enactment remains fluid, contextually shaped, and susceptible to unintended consequences.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Twitter Conversations: Gendered Issue Publics Among Women","authors":"Caley Hewitt, Ayla Oden, Nichole M. Bauer","doi":"10.1177/00936502261470086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261470086","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how gender shapes women’s political discussion on Twitter using an issue publics framework. We test whether the conditions for gendered issue publics to form among women around feminine issues exist using data on political discussion via social media in the 2020 and 2022 elections. Our data includes political discussion among political candidates, elites, and non-elites, or regular people. Our results reveal several key findings. First, we find that men elites were more likely to discuss feminine issues, such as health care, compared to women elites, but we found no gender differences between regular Twitter users in our sample. Democratic women elites are more likely to discuss equity-based feminine issues, such as equal pay, than Republican women elites, but we find no partisan differences among non-elite women. We also find no gender or partisan differences at the elite and non-elite levels in the discussion of trait-based feminine issues, such as education. Finally, we show that in 2022, the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dobbs</jats:italic> decision that rescinded the constitutional right to an abortion in the U.S. increased the salience of this issue among both women and men. Overall, our research suggests that the conditions for issue publics among women may not strongly exist as we find that non-elite men talk about feminine issues too.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bio-Functional Audience: Shared Physiological Alignment to Narrative Media","authors":"Ralf Schmälzle, Hee Jung Cho, Monique Mitchell Turner","doi":"10.1177/00936502261472026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261472026","url":null,"abstract":"Communication research into audience responses has traditionally emphasized how individual or group differences create variance in interpretation while overlooking a more fundamental phenomenon: the capacity of the same message to induce similar responses across receivers. We introduce a bio-functional definition of the audience, a temporal collective bound together by the moment-to-moment alignment of its members’ physiological responses. In a large-scale experiment ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 198) monitoring eye-tracking, heart rate, and electrodermal activity during a film, we mapped a processing hierarchy in which audience response alignment was strongest for gaze but also extended into downstream autonomic responses. Furthermore, a temporal manipulation of the narrative sequence abolished aligned responses, confirming that the induced audience state is driven by the message content. We conclude that messages function as alignment devices that reduce individual noise and bring distinct individuals into a shared processing state, thus providing a grounded, signal-based definition of the audience as a bio-functional entity.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix Dietrich, Alicia Ernst, Benedikt Rohr, Michael Scharkow, Leonard Reinecke
{"title":"Music Was My First Love: Biographic Resonance Makes Everyday Music Listening Meaningful","authors":"Felix Dietrich, Alicia Ernst, Benedikt Rohr, Michael Scharkow, Leonard Reinecke","doi":"10.1177/00936502261468400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261468400","url":null,"abstract":"Despite much research on eudaimonic media experiences, little is known about how and why certain content is perceived as meaningful by certain users in certain situations. We therefore examine biographic resonance — connections between entertainment content and users’ biographic memories — during everyday music listening on Spotify and propose that memory recall, as well as its emotional valence, relate to meaningfulness via distinct patterns of intrinsic need satisfaction. Results from a preregistered, intensive-longitudinal study (144 persons; 6,920 situations) reveal that biographic resonance relates to both high- and low-effort modes of eudaimonic entertainment. Moreover, by linking users’ self-reports with their tracked digital music use (2,786 sessions; 107,147 songs), we find that the occurrence and quality of biographic resonance vary across situations and are shaped by both content and contextual factors within algorithmically curated environments. Our results highlight how resonances between media users’ selves and entertainment content foster situational meaningfulness in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chatbots and Loneliness: How Linguistic Dynamics in Conversations with Chatbots Shape Young Adults’ Loneliness","authors":"Jinyoung Choi, Catalina L. Toma","doi":"10.1177/00936502261466012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261466012","url":null,"abstract":"This study theorizes and tests language-based mechanisms through which conversations with chatbots can shape users’ loneliness. Lonely college students ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 96) engaged in emotionally meaningful conversations with the chatbot Replika daily for one week. Results showed a small but significant decrease in users’ loneliness from baseline to post-test. Linguistic analyses revealed two distinct well-being pathways. When participants used more positive emotion language, so did the chatbot, which was linked to higher positive daily affect and lower post-study loneliness. Conversely, when participants used more negative emotion language, so did the chatbot, which was linked to lower positive daily affect and higher post-study loneliness. Findings provide evidence for an <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">expression effect</jats:italic> , where users’ own positive (but not negative) linguistic framing shapes their well-being, and a <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chatbot-response effect</jats:italic> , where chatbots mirror and amplify users’ emotional tone. This study theorizes chatbots as emotional mirrors with dual potential to alleviate or exacerbate users’ loneliness.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148416759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Profile Photos Enhance Vicarious Intergroup Contact? Testing Theoretical Perspectives from Social Identity, the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE), and Social Presence","authors":"Yue (Nancy) Dai, Lunrui Fu, Wufan Jia","doi":"10.1177/00936502261466759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261466759","url":null,"abstract":"Profile photos are ubiquitous in online environments, yet little is known about how they shape observers’ impressions when mediated interactions involve members of different social groups. This experiment ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 1,661) examined how profile photos influence impressions formed during observed intergroup exchanges in news comment sections. A 2 × 2 design (topic × photo) tested mechanisms derived from Social Identity Theory (SIT), the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE), and Social Presence Theory. Results showed that profile photos heightened awareness of the relevant group distinction and, through identification with the ingroup commenter, led to more positive outgroup responses—but only when the photos clearly conveyed the group difference central to the interaction. When both interpersonal and intergroup processes were modeled together, only the intergroup pathway remained supported. These findings clarify how profile photos shape mediated impressions and identify cue diagnosticity as key for enhancing vicarious intergroup contact.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148393980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partisanship in Context: The (A)symmetric Influence of Local Newspaper Availability and Selective Exposure on Political Misperceptions in the U.S.","authors":"Jianing Li, Michael W. Wagner","doi":"10.1177/00936502261463581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502261463581","url":null,"abstract":"How people consume information and understand facts is an inherently multilevel problem, but inquiry frequently stops at the individual-level. We highlight how disparities in local newspaper availability across communities influence individuals’ partisan selective exposure and congruent political misperceptions. Using a quasi-experimental design enabling comparisons of individuals living in counties with different local newspaper availability but otherwise matched features, we found that lacking a local newspaper in one’s county is associated with a decrease in national mainstream media use. Moreover, lacking a local newspaper amplifies partisan selective consumption of liberal media, but not conservative media. Beliefs in falsehoods disseminated by elites from both major parties in the U.S. are influenced by selective exposure and amplified by local newspaper context, while liberal media use is more sensitive to the contextual variances in local news environments than conservative media use. Findings from this unique dataset are robust against various tests of confounding effects.","PeriodicalId":48323,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}