American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Interrater Reliability and Precision of a Novel Hand Strength Assessment and Treatment Device: The GripAble.","authors":"Halil Ibrahim Ergen, Roman Kudin, Corey W McGee","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050689","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Occupational therapy practitioners need modern tools for the assessment of maximal grip strength in clinical and remote settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the (1) interrater reliability and (2) precision of the GripAble among three raters with different expertise in occupational therapy when testing healthy participants, and to (3) evaluate the relative reliabilities of different approaches to estimating grip strength (i.e., one trial, mean of two trials, and the mean of three trials).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Measurement study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Minnesota Translational Musculoskeletal and Occupational Performance Research Lab, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty volunteers, age ≥18 yr, without any hand problems.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Using GripAble, three occupational therapy raters with varied experience measured the maximal grip strength of the dominant and nondominant hands of all participants. Using the mean of three trials when testing grip strength with GripAble adds precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GripAble has excellent interrater reliability (i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient > .75) and acceptable precision (minimal detectable change < 15%) among healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>GripAble allows occupational therapy practitioners with different experiences to assess grip strength in healthy hands quickly, precisely, and with excellent reliability. Additional research is needed on its psychometrics in clinical populations and capacities in remote monitoring and exergaming. Plain-Language Summary: The results of this study show that grip strength, an important biomarker and commonly assessed construct in occupational therapy, can be evaluated reliably, precisely, and rapidly with GripAble. The use of GripAble by occupational therapy practitioners in clinical settings may help to build an infrastructure for remote measurements and exergaming interventions in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Predictive Validity of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills for Driving Performance Outcomes.","authors":"Anne E Dickerson, Qiang Wu, Helen Houston, Therese Cassidy, Susan Touchinsky","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050687","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Although the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an excellent tool for evaluating the functional performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), a limited number of studies have used the AMPS for decisions regarding the IADL of fitness to drive and community mobility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the specificity and sensitivity of the AMPS as a tool for determining a person's fitness to drive.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three driving rehabilitation programs in three states.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were 388 community-living adults (M age = 68.74 yr, SD = 11.53); 196 adults were recruited before completing a comprehensive driving evaluation, and 192 were recruited in two other studies of older drivers.</p><p><strong>Outcome and measures: </strong>AMPS and results of comprehensive driving evaluation or on-road assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a logistical regression, AMPS Motor and Process Skills scores yielded a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 88.8%. The odds ratio of the AMPS Motor Skills score was .347; for the AMPS Process Skills score, it was .014. Using cross-validations, the model with AMPS Motor and Process scores produced a cross-validation area under the curve of .918, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 88.4%, respectively, and a probability greater than .334 was used for predicting a fail or drive-with-restriction evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The AMPS Motor and Process Skills scores revealed significant differences between those who failed or had driving restrictions and with those who passed the driving evaluation, which supported the AMPS as an effective tool for predicting fitness to drive. Plain-Language Summary: This study demonstrates how the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), as a top-down occupational therapy assessment tool, can be used to differentiate between medically at-risk drivers who are likely to pass a comprehensive driving evaluation and those who are likely to fail or need restrictions. AMPS will assist occupational therapy practitioners in determining who is most appropriate to receive driving rehabilitation services and/or when to refer a person for a comprehensive driving evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted Blankets as a Sleep Intervention: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Suzanne Dawson, Kimberly Charlton, Lorraine Ng, Jenny Cleland, Lemma Bulto, Michael Page, Stacie Attrill","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050676","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Sleep disorders are associated with a range of health conditions, with poor sleep often further exacerbating individuals' health, well-being, and ability to participate in daily occupations. Weighted blankets offer a potentially simple nonpharmacological sleep intervention option.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize available literature on instrumentation and outcomes associated with overnight use of weighted blankets for therapeutic purpose.</p><p><strong>Evidence review: </strong>A scoping review following the PRISMA review guidelines was conducted. Sources included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, and Google. Included studies reported on overnight use of weighted blankets. Critical appraisal of studies was conducted with standardized tools.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Positive outcomes were reported for adults, including improved sleep, reduction in medication use, and improved mood. Sleep outcomes were mixed for children and adolescents but included improved occupational performance. Methodological quality of included studies regarding effectiveness was variable. Ten studies included details of the intervention, whereas only one study reported on implementation. No specific guidelines for use were included.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Weighted blankets are used as a sleep intervention for individuals across the life span experiencing a range of health conditions. Currently, there is more evidence of effectiveness with adults, although parents are favorable regarding weighted blanket use for children. Implementation and recommendation of weighted blankets are typically led by occupational therapists, with knowledge of the intervention facilitating use. This review provides information to inform occupational therapists' clinical decision-making and continued implementation of weighted blankets for individuals with sleep problems. Plain-Language Summary: This scoping review summarizes what is known about the use of weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for people of all ages. There is more evidence for overnight use of weighted blankets for adults, with improvements reported in sleep, mood, medication use, and pain. Although there is little evidence of improvement in sleep for children, some children show improvement in everyday functioning, and parents report positive outcomes from overnight use of weighted blankets. These findings suggest that occupational therapists should consider offering or recommending weighted blankets as a sleep intervention option for people of all ages, alongside consideration of individuals' preferences. Development of practice guidelines that incorporate current research findings is urgently needed to support occupational therapists' use of weighted blankets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy Doctoral Capstone Research Agenda: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jennifer Kaldenberg, Theresa Delbert","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050669","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>As identified in the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA's; 2023) statement about the purpose and value of the occupational therapy doctoral capstone, there is a lack of evidence about the purpose and value of the doctoral capstone. As an essential element of occupational therapy doctoral degree curricula, the capstone is unique to each program, supports the program's scholarship agenda, and serves the needs of students and the communities served by the profession.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a doctoral capstone research agenda in an attempt to prioritize and guide research that can supplement the current paucity of evidence related to capstone efficacy or effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1999 and June 2023 were searched using the CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The doctoral capstone research agenda was developed and organized into five categories to drive research activities inclusive of the didactic and experiential learning associated with the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the capstone process: (1) teaching and learning; (2) learner characteristics and competencies; (3) shaping professional identity; (4) faculty/mentor development and resources; and (5) promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>A doctoral capstone research agenda was developed in accordance with AOTA's (2018) Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda. It identifies an array of areas in which research is needed to inform the distinct value and purpose of the doctoral capstone to students, sites, programs, and the profession. Plain-Language Summary: The occupational therapy doctoral capstone is unique to each program, supports the program's scholarship agenda, and supports the needs of students and the communities served by the profession. The American Occupational Therapy Association's official document on the \"Occupational Therapy Doctoral Capstone: Purpose and Value\" states that there is a lack of evidence about how to identify the distinct purpose and value of the doctoral capstone. This scoping review explored the development of a doctoral capstone research agenda. A research agenda is provided to guide and prioritize research to articulate best practices and the distinct purpose and value of the doctoral capstone in occupational therapy education and for the profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bead Maze Hand Function Test for Children.","authors":"Vivian L Rose, Anaga Ajoy, Craig A Johnston, Gloria R Gogola, Pranav J Parikh","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050584","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>There is a need for a pediatric hand function test that can be used to objectively assess movement quality. We have developed a toy-based test, the Bead Maze Hand Function (BMHF) test, to quantify how well a child performs an activity. This is achieved by assessing the control of forces applied while drawing a bead over wires of different complexity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the psychometric properties of the BMHF test and understand the influence of age and task complexity on test measures.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study performed in a single visit.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Clinical research laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty-three participants (ages 4-15 yr) were recruited locally. They were typically developing children with no illness or conditions that affected their movement. Interventions/Assessments: Participants performed the BMHF test and the Box and Block test with both hands.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Total force and completion time were examined according to age and task complexity using a linear mixed-effects model. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to measure interrater reliability of the method and estimated concurrent validity using the Box and Block test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total force and completion time decreased with age and depended on task complexity. The total force was more sensitive to task complexity. The Box and Block score was associated with BMHF completion time but not with total force. We found excellent interrater reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>A familiar toy equipped with hidden sensors provides a sensitive tool to assess a child's typical hand function. Plain-Language Summary: We developed the Bead Maze Hand Function (BMHF) test to determine how well a child performs an activity with their hands. The BMHF test is a toy equipped with hidden sensors. Twenty-three typically developing children with no illnesses or conditions that affected their hand movement participated in the study. We asked the children to perform the BMHF test with both hands. Our study found that occupational therapists can reliably use the BMHF test to assess a child's hand function.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joystick-Operated Ride-On Toy Navigation Training for Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Sudha Srinivasan, Nidhi Amonkar, Patrick D Kumavor, Deborah Bubela, Kristin Morgan","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050589","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) require intensive task-oriented training to make meaningful gains in affected upper extremity (UE) motor function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the acceptability and utility of single joystick-operated ride-on toy (ROT) navigation training incorporated into a modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) camp for children with HCP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single group pretest-posttest design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three-wk structured CIMT camp.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Eleven children with HCP between ages 3 and 14 yr.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Children received group-based CIMT for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 3 wk. As part of camp activities, children also received ROT navigation training for 20 to 30 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 3 wk.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>We assessed children's acceptance of ROT training by monitoring adherence and evaluating child engagement (affect and attention) during training sessions. The effects of ROT training combined with other camp activities on children's affected UE motor function were also assessed with the standardized Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) and training-specific measures of ROT maneuvering accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children demonstrated high levels of training adherence, positive affect, and task-appropriate attention across weeks. Positive engagement during ROT sessions was correlated with independent navigation. We also found medium- to large-sized improvements in QUEST scores and toy-maneuvering capabilities after the combined program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Our pilot data support the use of joystick-operated ROTs as child-friendly therapy adjuncts that can be incorporated into intensive UE training programs to improve adherence and motivation in therapy programs, boost treatment dosing, and promote affected UE motor function in children with HCP. Plain-Language Summary: This pilot study offers promising evidence that supports the use of modified single joystick-operated ride-on toys (ROTs) for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). The study used ROTs as one of several interventions that were part of a constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) camp program for children with HCP. The ROTs boosted children's motivation, their engagement with and adherence to training, and their practice in using their affected upper extremity (UE) for goal-directed activities in their natural settings. ROTs are accessible, age-appropriate, and easy-to-use devices for both occupational therapy clinicians and families to encourage children to use their affected UEs by challenging their perceptual, motor-planning, problem-solving, and movement-control skills in an enjoyable and engaging way. ROTs can be used within and outside conventional rehabilitation settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure Among Patients With Frozen Shoulder.","authors":"Sun Woo Kim, Ji Young Lim, Seonghee Kim, Jong Geol Do, Jong In Lee, Ji Hye Hwang","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050573","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Patient-reported outcome measures provide insights into intervention effects on patients. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) emphasizes identifying priorities in daily activity engagement and evaluating an individual's perception of changes over time.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the responsiveness of the COPM and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) among patients with frozen shoulders.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Two physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ninety-four patients with frozen shoulders enrolled in a previous study.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Baseline and 3-mo evaluations of the COPM and other measures. Responsiveness was assessed using effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM). The MCID values were determined through a distribution-based approach, which used the 0.5 standard deviation and ES methods, and an anchor-based approach, which used the receiver operating characteristic curve method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ES and SRM results indicated that the COPM had high responsiveness. The distribution-based MCID values for COPM Performance and COPM Satisfaction were 1.17 and 1.44, respectively. The anchor-based MCID values were 2.5 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.64-0.91]) and 2.1 (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI [0.60-0.91]), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The findings suggest that the COPM is a responsive outcome measure for patients with frozen shoulder. The established MCID values for the COPM can be valuable for interpreting changes in patient performance and satisfaction, thus aiding clinical interventions and research planning. Plain-Language Summary: This is the first study to review the effectiveness of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to determine the success of occupational therapy interventions for people with a frozen shoulder. The findings suggest that the COPM is an effective and valuable tool for clients with a frozen shoulder to understand their experiences and treatment priorities and to detect meaningful changes in their performance and satisfaction after an occupational therapy intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Play Behaviors of Infants at Elevated Likelihood for Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Joanne E Flanagan, Barbara B Demchick, Rebecca Landa, Janet V Delany, Gustavo Reinoso","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050438","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Although research has examined early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few studies have found behavioral markers during midinfancy associated with later ASD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine infants' play behaviors and atypical positions at age 6 mo and later outcome classification among infants at elevated likelihood (EL) and typical likelihood (TL) for ASD. Atypical positions refer to movement patterns indicative of motor delays or deviations, including atypical extension and flexion, poor weight shift and rotation, hypertonicity or hypotonicity, and the presence of primitive reflex patterns.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational cohort longitudinal design using blinded video analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Fifty-eight infants (41 EL infants and 17 TL infants) 6 mo of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants later diagnosed with ASD needed more support to engage in play at age 6 mo compared with infants who did not receive an ASD diagnosis (U = 130, z = -2.29, p < .05, r = .31). Atypical positions at 6 mo of age were not associated with a later diagnosis of ASD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Play behaviors may be early indicators of developmental differences for infants later diagnosed with ASD. The results of this pilot study suggest the need to observe the quality of interaction with a caregiver and objects during early play, which may serve as potential early indicators of ASD. Plain-Language Summary: Few studies have found behavioral markers during midinfancy that are associated with a later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results of this study showed that infants who were later diagnosed with ASD were found to have differences in play behaviors compared to infants who were not later diagnosed with ASD. Thus, early play behaviors may be an early indicator of developmental differences for infants who are later diagnosed with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayres Sensory Integration® Intervention for Autistic Children: A Telehealth Adaptation.","authors":"Natalie Schiano, Taylor Sivori, Rachel Dumont, Molly Weaver, Aseel Shehadeh, Elizabeth Ridgway, Roseann Schaaf","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050612","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Ayres Sensory Integration® is an evidence-based, manualized occupational therapy intervention for autism that is delivered in person. A telehealth adaptation could bridge service gaps for families who may have challenges accessing services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To create a telehealth adaptation of the evidence-based manualized protocol of Ayres Sensory Integration using best practice for telehealth guidelines and to obtain input on the adaptation from experts.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online survey of U.S. telehealth experts and occupational therapy clinicians in fall and winter 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Two telehealth experts and six occupational therapy clinicians.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Two Qualtrics surveys focused on perceived feasibility and acceptability, resources included, and clarity of instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Telehealth experts and occupational therapy clinicians rated the Ayres Sensory Integration telehealth adapted manual as easy to follow, aligned with telehealth best practices, and feasible for remote delivery. Suggestions for additional adaptations included adding resources for technology troubleshooting, intervention planning, rapport building, and continuing education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Suggested adaptations were made; the manual is ready for feasibility testing. Plain-Language Summary: This report is the first to describe a telehealth adaptation of Ayres Sensory Integration®. The manual provides comprehensive training and resources to support clinicians in delivering sensory integration, telehealth-based interventions to autistic children. Two telehealth experts and six occupational therapy clinicians rated the Ayres Sensory Integration telehealth adapted manual as easy to follow, aligned with telehealth best practices, and feasible for remote delivery. The manual will be available to clinicians after feasibility and pilot testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Theory of Affordances to Understand Environment-Play Transactions: Environmental Taxonomy of Outdoor Play Space Features-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Thomas Morgenthaler, Helen Lynch, Janet Loebach, Duncan Pentland, Christina Schulze","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050606","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The transactions between the physical environment and children's play have not been well studied. The theory of affordances provides a way to better understand how environmental characteristics offer opportunities for play occupation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between environmental characteristics of outdoor play spaces and children's outdoor play and to develop an environmental taxonomy to support the analysis of play affordances in community play spaces.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Peer-reviewed literature (1974-2023) was sourced from a previously published scoping review (Morgenthaler, Schulze, et al., 2023). The Academic Search Complete, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords and synonyms of playground, environmental qualities, and children with and without disabilities.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>A secondary analysis of the previously published scoping review was conducted. Included studies were those that provided descriptions of physical environment-play activity transactions.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A qualitative content analysis of 45 articles was conducted and used to form an environmental taxonomy. This taxonomy consisted of 14 space and object categories defined by their functional qualities and linked to play affordances. An array of 284 play occupations were identified in different forms. Play affordances of spaces and object categories and their functional environmental qualities were subsequently identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study provides evidence to support the understanding of how the physical environment shapes children's outdoor play occupations. Plain-Language Summary: The study authors developed the Environmental Taxonomy of Outdoor Play Space Features as a tool that occupational therapists can use to better understand and describe how the physical environment shapes opportunities for play. The tool could also be useful to justify environmental intervention in schools and public playgrounds to create spaces that support more play for a diversity of children.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}