Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101791
Connor I. Elbe , Jaclyn A. Siegel , Rebecca R. Mendoza , Nicolas S. Caravelli , Autumn J. Askew , Jacqueline Mitzner , Em Chakkour , Aaron J. Blashill
{"title":"“Us big boys gotta find a way that works”: A qualitative study of casual sexual experiences among larger-bodied, White and Latino sexual minority men","authors":"Connor I. Elbe , Jaclyn A. Siegel , Rebecca R. Mendoza , Nicolas S. Caravelli , Autumn J. Askew , Jacqueline Mitzner , Em Chakkour , Aaron J. Blashill","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, sexual minority men (SMM) are more likely to report that their own body image negatively impacts their sex lives, are more vulnerable to weight stigma, and more frequently experience size-based discrimination. Additionally, in comparison to heterosexual men, SMM report higher levels of anti-fat bias, both directed at themselves and intimate partners. Given this literature, we qualitatively examined how nine larger-bodied SMM (<em>M</em>age = 37.89, <em>SD</em> = 12.42) experience and navigate weight stigma when seeking out casual sex. Our analytic process revealed four primary themes: Building a Gate, Letting Partners Past the Gate, Joy Inside the Gate, and When the Gate Fails. The gate refers to the protection that participants employed to avoid negative, unsafe, or fatphobic sexual encounters. Participants shared that they were aware of weight stigma within their own community, and many assumed (or were explicitly told) that their bodies were undesirable to potential partners. Further, participants readily delineated between fat attraction and fat fetishization, whereby the latter was universally framed as negative and degrading. These findings highlight the complex experience of engaging in casual sex for larger-bodied SMM and identify strategies these men use to protect themselves from body shame and weight stigma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101793
Hannah K. Jarman , Siân A. McLean , Mathew D. Marques , Amy Slater , Susan J. Paxton , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
{"title":"Understanding what drives adolescent social media behaviours: Informing approaches for interventions","authors":"Hannah K. Jarman , Siân A. McLean , Mathew D. Marques , Amy Slater , Susan J. Paxton , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While much research has explored the impacts of social media use, less is known about what factors drive use. The present study examined the relationships between potential drivers of social media use; namely social media literacy, motivations, and internalisation of appearance ideals, and determined whether they work in combination or individually to predict a range of social media uses and behaviours over time, including intensity, frequency, exposure to fitness and celebrity content, photo editing, appearance comparisons, and types of use. Australian adolescent girls (<em>n</em> = 704) and boys (<em>n</em> = 938) aged 11–16 years completed online surveys at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Bivariate correlations and multiple regressions were performed separately by gender. Results revealed weak associations between drivers and found they uniquely contributed to social media behaviours, though this was dependent on use outcome. Thin- and muscular-internalisation were related to some appearance-focused use (e.g., comparisons, following celebrity and fitness accounts) among girls and boys, respectively. Critical thinking was associated with lower Snapchat use among boys and motivations were related to intensity and type of use (i.e., viewing, posting). These findings suggest multicomponent holistic interventions targeting numerous drivers may be most appropriate in modifying social media behaviours among adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001153/pdfft?md5=70e85d6273bea72f3a8000bb2e6f71ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524001153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101794
Jessica M. Alleva, Marieke Custers, Nancy Chatzi, Jana Vogt, Courtney Lukan, Viktoria Annerbo, Sophie Hartmann, Carolien Martijn
{"title":"The feeling is mutual: A randomised controlled trial testing the positive body image process of reciprocity among close friends","authors":"Jessica M. Alleva, Marieke Custers, Nancy Chatzi, Jana Vogt, Courtney Lukan, Viktoria Annerbo, Sophie Hartmann, Carolien Martijn","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the positive body image process of <em>reciprocity</em> and tested whether promoting positive body image can improve <em>one’s own</em> and the <em>others’</em> body image. To this end, 124 pairs of female friends (<em>N</em> = 248) were randomised to the experimental or control group. Within each pair, friends were randomised to be the “letter writer” or “letter receiver.” Letter writers wrote a letter expressing appreciation for their friend’s body functionality (experimental group) or for their shared memories (control group) and read their letter to their friend. Body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and self-objectification were measured at pretest, midtest (after letter writing), and posttest (after reading). <em>Letter writers</em> in the experimental group reported higher body appreciation and lower self-objectification at midtest and posttest, and higher functionality appreciation at posttest, compared to the control group. Further, both groups reported higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation from midtest to posttest. Similarly, <em>letter receivers</em> in both groups reported higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation from midtest to posttest, and letter receivers in the control group reported decreased self-objectification. The findings suggest that promoting positive body image can improve <em>one’s own</em> and <em>others’</em> body image, but the effects of the control activity must be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001165/pdfft?md5=698222aeb95fa174da1d4641ad1a216f&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524001165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101790
Marika Tiggemann
{"title":"A few reflections on positive body image and body neutrality (aided by Tom Cash’s model)","authors":"Marika Tiggemann","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper offers a commentary on the distinction between positive body image and body neutrality by applying Cash’s cognitive-behavioral perspective. In particular, the two dimensions of valence and importance are used to position the body image constructs. It is concluded that positive body image and body neutrality are much more similar than different.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001128/pdfft?md5=9de290874860f7e19b592c9e40b15e77&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524001128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101789
Wesley R. Barnhart , Tianxiang Cui , Shuqi Cui , Hongyi Sun , Yinuo Xu , Gui Chen , Feng Ji , Jinbo He
{"title":"Exploring the reciprocal relationships between body image flexibility and body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction: An 18-month longitudinal study in Chinese adolescents","authors":"Wesley R. Barnhart , Tianxiang Cui , Shuqi Cui , Hongyi Sun , Yinuo Xu , Gui Chen , Feng Ji , Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Body image flexibility has shown robust negative associations with body dissatisfaction. However, research in this area is confined to cross-sectional studies on adults in Western cultural contexts. Responding to these gaps and the unique cultural nuances and increasing prevalence estimates of body dissatisfaction in China, we examined the bi-directional nature of body image flexibility and body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in Chinese adolescent boys and girls (<em>N</em> = 1381, 57.3 % girls) at two points over 18 months (Wave [W] 1=baseline, W2=18 months later). We also explored sex differences in longitudinal models. In boys, higher W1 body image flexibility was associated with lower W2 body fat dissatisfaction, and higher W1 body fat dissatisfaction was associated with lower W2 body image flexibility. Null prospective associations between body image flexibility and muscularity dissatisfaction were identified in boys. In girls, higher W1 body fat and muscularity body dissatisfaction were associated with lower W2 body image flexibility. Higher W1 body image flexibility was associated with lower W2 body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in girls. We found no significant sex differences in the models. Findings advance a multicultural understanding of the temporal and bi-directional links between body image flexibility and body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in Chinese adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101788
Stephen C. Want, Lilach Dahoah Halevi, Zahra Vahedi, Alyssa Saiphoo
{"title":"Seven points as an estimate of the smallest subjectively experienced decrease in body satisfaction on a one-item Visual Analogue Scale","authors":"Stephen C. Want, Lilach Dahoah Halevi, Zahra Vahedi, Alyssa Saiphoo","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) are very commonly used to measure short-term effects on state body satisfaction, the in-the-moment subjective evaluation of one’s own body. However, VASs lack easily understood metrics for comparing and interpreting the size of different effects, with the result that researchers often conclude that any statistically significant change on these 101-point scales is practically important. In addition to test-retest reliability and construct validity, here we estimate the smallest subjectively experienced difference for a one-item body satisfaction VAS. Seven points of change on the VAS was a useful cut-off for distinguishing participants who subjectively experienced no change (<em>n</em> = 603) versus those who experienced at least a little decrease in body satisfaction (<em>n</em> = 301) between two timepoints. With reference specifically to media influences on body satisfaction, we show how the smallest subjectively experienced difference may be used as an easily interpreted effect size metric when comparing and interpreting the size of different effects, as well as determining who is, and who is not, subject to those effects. We highlight how having this metric available to researchers can aid in the exploration and communication of different short-term influences on state body satisfaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001104/pdfft?md5=7070434e94834fc8d89dc4c8c53d3304&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524001104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101787
Moisés Mebarak , Christophe Maïano , Juan Mendoza , Ángel Zamora , Rosa Baños , Lorena Desdentado , Marta Miragall , Rocío Herrero , Viren Swami
{"title":"Measurement invariance and differential item functioning of the functionality appreciation scale (FAS) in Colombia and Spain","authors":"Moisés Mebarak , Christophe Maïano , Juan Mendoza , Ángel Zamora , Rosa Baños , Lorena Desdentado , Marta Miragall , Rocío Herrero , Viren Swami","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) is increasingly used in diverse national and linguistic contexts. However, limited work has assessed the extent to which the instrument demonstrates measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF) across nations and respondent characteristics. Here, we examined measurement invariance and DIF of the FAS using archival data from adults in Colombia (Mebarak et al., 2023) and Spain (Zamora et al., 2024). Participants included 1420 (women <em>n</em> = 804, men <em>n</em> = 616) respondents from Colombia and 838 (women <em>n</em> = 415, men <em>n</em> = 423) respondents from Spain who completed translations of the FAS. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure of the FAS in both national groups. Additionally, the FAS achieved full measurement invariance (up to latent mean invariance) across both groups. We also found that the FAS lacked DIF as a function of age, body mass index (BMI), and gender identity across both national groups. Older participants (relative to younger participants), men (relative to women), and participants with lower BMIs (relative to those with higher BMIs) had higher FAS scores. These results support the notion that the FAS is measuring a common underlying construct across these national groups and respondent characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101786
William Grunewald , Ross Sonnenblick , Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram , Taylor B. Stanley , Olivia M. Clancy , April R. Smith
{"title":"Longitudinal relationships between anti-fat attitudes and muscle dysmorphia symptoms","authors":"William Grunewald , Ross Sonnenblick , Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram , Taylor B. Stanley , Olivia M. Clancy , April R. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weight stigma, and more specifically, anti-fat attitudes, is associated with disordered eating. Furthermore, these anti-fat attitudes influence various appearance ideals. Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by preoccupation with the muscular ideal and is a potential form of disordered eating commonly experienced by men. Despite theory suggesting that anti-fat attitudes may contribute to MD, research has yet to examine associations between anti-fat attitudes and MD symptoms. Therefore, the current study investigated longitudinal relationships between anti-fat attitudes and MD symptoms. Participants were 269 U.S. men recruited from Prolific who completed three self-report surveys each separated by one month. Primary analyses examined longitudinal relationships between specific anti-fat attitudes and MD symptoms using an adapted three-wave cross-lagged panel model. Results demonstrated that believing that fat people do not have willpower was longitudinally associated with desires to increase muscle size at multiple time points. Furthermore, MD-specific functional impairment predicted fears of becoming fat longitudinally. Practically, men may desire to increase their muscularity to demonstrate their own willpower and distance themselves from anti-fat stereotypes. Thus, clinicians may consider targeting weight stigmatizing attitudes to reduce MD symptom severity among their male clients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101784
Dana K. Voelker , Amanda J. Visek , Katherine E. Fairhurst , Jordyn L. Learner
{"title":"Conforming to reforming: A systems understanding of aesthetic sport coaches’ behaviors and practices toward female athletes’ bodies","authors":"Dana K. Voelker , Amanda J. Visek , Katherine E. Fairhurst , Jordyn L. Learner","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coaches’ role in athletes’ eating pathology has been largely understood according to athletes’ accounts of the coaching behaviors and practices that harmed them. Uniquely, this study engaged coaches as research participants to more fully inform future intervention efforts. Using a multiparadigm approach, this study explored how coaches’ understood, constructed, and communicated sport-related body ideals with their female athletes through specific coaching behaviors and practices along with systems of influence and interaction that informed them. Ten coaches (Mage= 35.6) of female aesthetic sport athletes were interviewed. Data were analysed via interpretive description. Results indicated coaches’ negative experiences as athletes themselves informed their intention to prevent harm with athletes they coached. Coaches nonetheless emphasized weight, shape, size, and appearance ideals steeped in sport tradition. Dissonance was salient between wanting to prevent harm using strategic approaches to body-related communication, while also reinforcing body ideals believed to promote high performance. Yet, neither athletes’ performance goals nor prevention of harm were attained. Influences across coaches’ ecosystems explained their behaviors and practices. A novel framework is proposed to describe five intersectional body ideal orientations embodied by the coaches, ranging from body ideal conformity to body diversity advocacy. This framework can inform coach-centered, systems-based education and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body ImagePub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101783
Emma Austen, Scott Griffiths
{"title":"Body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction are not prospectively associated with psychological wellbeing among sexual minority men: A case for separating within- and between-person variation in examinations of body image phenomena and their outcomes","authors":"Emma Austen, Scott Griffiths","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive cross-sectional research reports that body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction contribute to negative psychological outcomes among sexual minority men; however, longitudinal models are necessary for accurately quantifying the strength and direction of these relationships. We investigated the bidirectional longitudinal relationships of body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction with psychological quality of life among 2953 sexual minority men using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Consistent with existing literature, we found that higher average muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction were associated with higher average psychological quality of life impairment between-persons. Unexpectedly, these constructs were not significantly associated within-persons/longitudinally. These findings conflict existing literature’s conclusions that muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction consistently contribute to poorer psychological wellbeing in this population. A significant between-person relationship in the absence of within-person relationships suggests that intermediary constructs (e.g., body ideal internalization) may account for the between-person effects of muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction on psychological wellbeing. Future research can accurately estimate these effects and identify reliable intervention targets by ensuring that within- and between-person relationships are examined separately, rather than being conflated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001050/pdfft?md5=228d208cb2b5d43f16f32546662c1675&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524001050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}