Review of General Psychology最新文献_第10页

How to Study Well-Being: A Proposal for the Integration of Philosophy With Science 如何研究幸福:哲学与科学融合的建议

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211002443

Michael M. Prinzing

{"title":"How to Study Well-Being: A Proposal for the Integration of Philosophy With Science","authors":"Michael M. Prinzing","doi":"10.1177/10892680211002443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680211002443","url":null,"abstract":"There are presently two approaches to the study of well-being. Philosophers typically focus on normative theorizing, attempting to identify the things that are ultimately good for a person, while largely ignoring empirical research. The idea is that empirical attention cannot be directed to the right place without a rigorous theory. Meanwhile, social scientists typically focus on empirical research, attempting to identify the causes and consequences of well-being, while largely ignoring normative theorizing. The idea is that conceptual and theoretical clarity will come with time and more data. This article argues that neither is a good approach to the study of well-being. The traditional philosophical approach underappreciates the vital importance of empirical investigation, whereas the atheoretical empirical approach underappreciates the vital importance of normative theorizing. The proposed solution is to bring these methods together. Well-being research should be interdisciplinary. The article proposes a “conceptual engineering” approach as a novel alternative. This approach involves an iterative process of normative theorizing, empirical investigation, and conceptual revision, with the aim of articulating concepts and theories of well-being that optimally suit particular interests and purposes.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10892680211002443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49137442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What Is Wisdom? A Unified 6P Framework 智慧是什么?统一的6P框架

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020985509

R. Sternberg, Sareh Karami

引用次数: 18

Corrigendum to Drawing the Line Between Essential and Nonessential Interventions on Intersex Characteristics With European Health Care Professionals 在欧洲卫生保健专业人员对双性人特征的必要和非必要干预之间划清界线的勘误表

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020985004

引用次数: 0

To Teach and Delight: The Varieties of Learning From Fiction 寓教于乐：小说学习的多样性

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020977173

J. Best

{"title":"To Teach and Delight: The Varieties of Learning From Fiction","authors":"J. Best","doi":"10.1177/1089268020977173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020977173","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that people who read fiction have many reasons for doing so. But perhaps one of the most understudied reasons people have for reading fiction is their belief that reading will result in their acquisition of certain forms of knowledge or skill. Such expectations have long been fostered by literary theorists, critics, authors, and readers who have asserted that reading may indeed be among the best ways to learn particular forms of knowledge. Modern psychological research has borne out many of these claims. For example, readers of fiction learn cognitive skills such as mentalizing or theory of mind. Reading fiction is also associated with greater empathic skills, especially among avid or lifelong readers. For readers who are emotionally transported into the fictional world they are reading about, powerful emotional truths are often discovered that may subsequently help readers build, or change, their identities. Fiction readers acquire factual information about places or people they may not have any other access to. But reading fiction also presents opportunities to acquire inaccurate factual information that may diminish access to previously learned accurate information. If readers are provided with inaccurate information that is encoded, they have opportunities to make faulty inferences, whose invalidity the reader is often incapable of detecting. Readers of fiction use schematic world knowledge to navigate fictional texts. But if the border between fiction and reality becomes blurred, as might be the case of avid readers of fiction, there is a risk that they may export schematic knowledge from the world of fiction to the everyday world, where it may not be applicable. These and other findings suggest that the varieties of learning from fiction form a complex, nuanced pattern deserving of greater attention by researchers.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1089268020977173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44055144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Context Dependency as a Predictor of Replicability 上下文依赖性作为可复制性的预测因子

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211015635

M. Gollwitzer, J. Schwabe

{"title":"Context Dependency as a Predictor of Replicability","authors":"M. Gollwitzer, J. Schwabe","doi":"10.1177/10892680211015635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680211015635","url":null,"abstract":"We scrutinize the argument that unsuccessful replications—and heterogeneous effect sizes more generally—may reflect an underappreciated influence of context characteristics. Notably, while some of these context characteristics may be conceptually irrelevant (as they merely affect psychometric properties of the measured/manipulated variables), others are conceptually relevant as they qualify a theory. Here, we present a conceptual and analytical framework that allows researchers to empirically estimate the extent to which effect size heterogeneity is due to conceptually relevant versus irrelevant context characteristics. According to this framework, contextual characteristics are conceptually relevant when the observed heterogeneity of effect sizes cannot be attributed to psychometric properties. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate that the observed heterogeneity of the “moral typecasting” effect, which had been included in the ManyLabs 2 replication project, is more likely attributable to conceptually relevant rather than irrelevant context characteristics, which suggests that the psychological theory behind this effect may need to be specified. In general, we argue that context dependency should be taken more seriously and treated more carefully by replication research.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10892680211015635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Taking the Humanities Seriously 认真对待人文学科

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020975024

B. Held

{"title":"Taking the Humanities Seriously","authors":"B. Held","doi":"10.1177/1089268020975024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020975024","url":null,"abstract":"As the humanities suffer decline in the academy, some psychologists have turned to them as an especially apt way to advance a psychological science that reflects lived experience more accurately and robustly. Disciplinary psychology’s adoption of the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of the natural sciences is often seen as a misapplication that has resulted in a science that diminishes if not demolishes subjectivity and misrepresents many. By contrast, the humanities are taken to be well positioned to infuse scientific psychology with myriad aspects of lived experience. I applaud all efforts to take the humanities seriously, by incorporating the theories, methods, and observations of the humanities in psychological science; the question is, how best to do this. On what understanding of the humanities should scientific psychology proceed? With these questions in mind, I review arguments about how psychological science can benefit from attention to the humanities. I also consider worries about a scientistic turn within the humane disciplines themselves, which turn mirrors worries about scientism in psychology. Contemporary examples of scholarship on the origins of ancient Greek philosophy and depictions of Christ in Renaissance art illustrate how the wars over truth and evidence that plague psychology are no less fierce in the humanities. I conclude that if psychologists apprehend the humanities with the critical understandings called for in psychological science, we may not only appreciate their contributions more completely and accurately, but may also deploy those contributions more substantially, in working to broaden and deepen psychological science.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1089268020975024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Teaching Community Psychology Decolonially: A Pedagogical Journey 社区心理学非殖民化教学:一段教学之旅

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020974588

M. Terre Blanche, Eduard Fourie, P. Segalo

{"title":"Teaching Community Psychology Decolonially: A Pedagogical Journey","authors":"M. Terre Blanche, Eduard Fourie, P. Segalo","doi":"10.1177/1089268020974588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020974588","url":null,"abstract":"The decolonial impulse in psychology has manifested across a variety of domains, perhaps most notably psychological theory and approaches to research methodology. In this article, we focus on how decoloniality can reshape approaches to teaching and learning. We present a case study of how we recurriculated, from 1999 to 2020, three community psychology modules using a decolonial lens. We describe three phases in the development of community psychology teaching at a university in South Africa—“Little Oxford in the veld,” “Going walkabout,” and “New voices.” In each case, we detail the “course content,” our pedagogical approach, and how students responded, and try to identify what lessons can be learnt for a more explicitly decolonial mode of teaching and learning. We conclude by asserting that to foster decoloniality among students, we have to be cognizant of the ways in which they have for a long time been taught using Euro-centric lenses and frames of knowing and therefore the process of unlearning may be slow and somewhat painful. However, we see this as a necessary step toward decolonization, as epistemic colonization was and continues to be a violent project.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1089268020974588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44890709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Drawing the Line Between Essential and Nonessential Interventions on Intersex Characteristics With European Health Care Professionals 与欧洲卫生保健专业人员就Intersex特征划分必要和非必要干预措施的界限

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020963622

P. Hegarty, M. Prandelli, Tove Lundberg, L. Liao, S. Creighton, K. Roen

{"title":"Drawing the Line Between Essential and Nonessential Interventions on Intersex Characteristics With European Health Care Professionals","authors":"P. Hegarty, M. Prandelli, Tove Lundberg, L. Liao, S. Creighton, K. Roen","doi":"10.1177/1089268020963622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020963622","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights statements on intersex characteristics distinguish legitimate “medically necessary” interventions from illegitimate normalizing ones. Ironically, this binary classification seems partially grounded in knowledge of anatomy and medical interventions; the very expertise that human rights statements challenge. Here, 23 European health professionals from specialist “disorder of sex development” (DSD) multidisciplinary teams located medical interventions on a continuum ranging from “medically essential” to nonessential poles. They explained their answers. Participants mostly described interventions on penile/scrotal, clitoral/labial, vaginal, and gonadal anatomy whose essential character was only partially grounded in anatomical variation and diagnoses. To explain what was medically necessary, health care professionals drew on lay understandings of child development, parental distress, collective opposition to medicalization, patients “coping” abilities, and patients’ own choices. Concepts of “medical necessity” were grounded in a hybrid ontology of patients with intersex traits as both physical bodies and as phenomenological subjects. Challenges to medical expertise on human rights grounds are well warranted but presume a bounded and well-grounded category of “medically necessary” intervention that is discursively flexible. Psychologists’ long-standing neglect of people with intersex characteristics, and the marginalization of clinical psychologists in DSD teams, may contribute to the construction of some controversial interventions as medically necessary.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1089268020963622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Understanding Replication in a Way That Is True to Science 以一种真正符合科学的方式理解复制

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046514

B. Haig

{"title":"Understanding Replication in a Way That Is True to Science","authors":"B. Haig","doi":"10.1177/10892680211046514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680211046514","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I critically examine a number of widely held beliefs about the nature of replication and its place in science, with particular reference to psychology. In doing so, I present a number of underappreciated understandings of the nature of science more generally. I contend that some contributors to the replication debates overstate the importance of replication in science and mischaracterize the relationship between direct and conceptual replication. I also claim that there has been a failure to appreciate sufficiently the variety of legitimate replication practices that scientists engage in. In this regard, I highlight the tendency to pay insufficient attention to methodological triangulation as an important strategy for justifying empirical claims. I argue, further, that the replication debates tend to overstate the closeness of the relationship between replication and theory construction. Some features of this relationship are spelt out with reference to the hypothetico-deductive and the abductive accounts of scientific method. Additionally, an evaluation of the status of replication in different characterizations of scientific progress is undertaken. I maintain that viewing replication as just one element of the wide array of scientific endeavors leads to the conclusion that it is not as prominent in science as is often claimed.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

In Their Own Voices: Identity and Racial Socialization Experiences of Young Adult Chinese Adoptees 在他们自己的声音中:中国青年被收养人的身份与种族社会化经历

IF 4.2 2区心理学

Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/1089268020963597

Jason D. Reynolds (Taewon Choi), Nicole T. Elimelech, S. P. Miller, Megan E. Ingraham, Bridget M. Anton, Chiroshri Bhattacharjee

{"title":"In Their Own Voices: Identity and Racial Socialization Experiences of Young Adult Chinese Adoptees","authors":"Jason D. Reynolds (Taewon Choi), Nicole T. Elimelech, S. P. Miller, Megan E. Ingraham, Bridget M. Anton, Chiroshri Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1177/1089268020963597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268020963597","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study explored the experiences of transracial Chinese adoptees who were born in China, separated from their biological families, raised in the United States by White families, and given an Anglicized name at the time of their adoption. This study focused on participant experiences as they navigated being raised in the United States as transracial Chinese adoptees, their feelings related to their Chinese names, thoughts about China and birth family search, and experiences of ethnic and racial socialization within their adoptive families. Data were collected from in-depth, semi-structured interviews via Skype that integrated a constructivist–interpretivist and critical epistemological paradigm and coded using grounded-theory methods. Participants (N = 8) were transracial Chinese adoptees with ages ranging from 18 to 25 years (M = 21.5 years) who were between 6 and 17 months (M = 10.6 months) at the time of adoption. Results from the interviews revealed eight axial categories and three overarching selective categories related to their experience as transracial Chinese adoptees: (a) experiences of race and adoption, (b) factors influencing racial–ethnic socialization, and (c) recommendations for adoptive parents. Limitations of the study, future areas of research, and clinical and practice implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48306,"journal":{"name":"Review of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1089268020963597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5