Cailey Strauss, Jorden A. Cummings, Kendall Deleurme
{"title":"“We’ve Got History Now”: Victim and Justice-Involved Youth Experiences During Mediation Sessions","authors":"Cailey Strauss, Jorden A. Cummings, Kendall Deleurme","doi":"10.1177/00938548241237183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241237183","url":null,"abstract":"Victim-offense mediation (VOM) is the process by which victims of crime meet the involved youth, in the presence of trained mediators, to process and address the emotional and practical ramifications of the crime. We aimed to qualitatively understand the experiences of victims and justice-involved youth during mediation sessions. Participants were recruited from one American and one Canadian mediation center, We combined field observations, semi-structured interviews, and multiple case study analyses with reflexive thematic analysis to explore nine cases of VOM participants’ experiences of the process and its potential link with various desired outcomes immediately following VOM. We generated five themes: Attempting to Satisfy Mediation Needs, Apologies, The Gravitational Pull of Victims, Finding a Healing Connection, and Corrective Emotional Experience & Challenged Expectations. We discuss these themes, the importance of relational processes, the importance and potential burden of the compelling victim, corrective emotional experiences, and the potential role of the mediators.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Mogadam, Tracey A. Skilling, Michele Peterson-Badali, Liam Hannah
{"title":"Examining the Measurement Invariance and Psychometrics of the Drug Abuse Screening Test for Adolescents (DAST-A) in Justice-Involved Youth","authors":"Alexandra Mogadam, Tracey A. Skilling, Michele Peterson-Badali, Liam Hannah","doi":"10.1177/00938548241246437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241246437","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse is a serious mental health concern and reoffense risk factor for justice-involved youth. The Drug Abuse Screening Test for Adolescents (DAST-A) is used to assess drug abuse in different contexts, yet its psychometric properties have not yet been thoroughly explored in youth justice samples. We examined the measurement invariance and psychometrics of the DAST-A in a diverse sample of 741 justice-involved youth ( N<jats:sub>young men</jats:sub> = 636). The tool showed strong reliability in the overall sample and subgroups (ω = .88–.94), and good convergent and concurrent validity. Logistic regression results indicated that, with each unit increase in DAST-A score, the odds of an substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis increased by 23% (overall sample). The predictive validity findings were more robust for White youth than Black youth and as a result, a different cut-off score was explored for Black youth. The DAST-A demonstrated measurement invariance across gender and race. Practice implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordyn R. Ricard, Luke W. Hyde, Arielle Baskin-Sommers
{"title":"Person-Centered Combinations of Individual, Familial, Neighborhood, and Structural Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Antisocial Behavior and Psychopathology","authors":"Jordyn R. Ricard, Luke W. Hyde, Arielle Baskin-Sommers","doi":"10.1177/00938548241246146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241246146","url":null,"abstract":"Research highlights risk factors across systems, from person to community, for understanding antisocial behavior. However, limited research used person-centered analyses to investigate how individual, familial, neighborhood, and structural risk factors cluster and relate to antisocial behavior. We applied latent profile analysis to questionnaires and Census-derived data ( N = 478; Northeast sample). A five-profile solution fit best (1: Low Risk; 2: Elevated Personality Risk; 3: Elevated Family and Structural Risk; 4: Elevated Personality, Family, and Neighborhood Risk; 5: Elevated Neighborhood and Structural Risk). We compared profiles across questionnaire-based, interview-based, and criminal record outcomes. The Elevated Personality, Family, and Neighborhood Risk profile had the strongest relationship to risky behavior and an antisocial personality disorder diagnosis. The Elevated Neighborhood and Structural Risk profile showed the strongest relationship to number of crimes. These results elucidate patterns of co-occurring risk within-people, across systems, and reveal important commonalities and dissociations among forms of antisocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family Systems, Inequality, and Juvenile Justice","authors":"Nancy Rodriguez, Margaret Goldman","doi":"10.1177/00938548241246143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241246143","url":null,"abstract":"America’s juvenile justice system was founded on the notion that the juvenile court would serve as the “ultimate parent” for youth. Yet, the history of youth punishment challenges the promise of juvenile “justice.” To offer a more comprehensive account of the family systems in juvenile court, this study draws from the insights of historical research on youth punishment and family criminalization to examine juvenile court outcomes in Arizona. Combining a historical lens with insights from attribution theory, we use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the relationship between diverse family systems, including single mothers, single fathers, extended families, and foster care families, and juvenile court outcomes (i.e., diversion, preadjudication detention, petition, and judicial dismissal). Our findings suggest the need for more complex understandings of both family and punishment, and more expansive theorizations of the sorts of solutions that match the scope and scale of the problem.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Van Hall, Thomas Baker, Anja J. E. Dirkzwager, Paul Nieuwbeerta
{"title":"Perceptions of Probation Officer Procedural Justice and Recidivism: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands","authors":"Matthias Van Hall, Thomas Baker, Anja J. E. Dirkzwager, Paul Nieuwbeerta","doi":"10.1177/00938548241244502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241244502","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of procedural justice for reducing offending behavior has been demonstrated in numerous contexts and among various criminal justice authorities. However, to date, few studies have evaluated the importance of procedural justice in the probation officer–client relationship. Understanding how to reduce offending and prevent recidivism among people on probation is important as this group represents people among the most likely to engage in future offending. Using longitudinal data from the Prison Project, this study examines the association between perceptions of probation officer procedural justice, felt obligation to obey the law, and recidivism during a 12-month follow-up period. Results indicate that procedural justice is associated with a greater felt obligation to obey the law and lower odds of recidivism. Like other criminal justice authorities, how probation officers interact with their clients may impact their clients’ offending behavior.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holly A. Miller, Elisa L. Toman, Kaitlyn M. Pederson
{"title":"Examining the Utility of the Texas Risk Assessment System to Predict Community Supervision Compliance and Recidivism","authors":"Holly A. Miller, Elisa L. Toman, Kaitlyn M. Pederson","doi":"10.1177/00938548241240991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241240991","url":null,"abstract":"Although most risk assessment research has examined tools in the prediction of recidivism, there is a growing body of literature that investigates risk assessment in the prediction of successful community supervision. The Texas Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (TRAS-CST) was developed from the Ohio Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (ORAS-CST) but has not been examined to predict recidivism or probation compliance. The current study investigates the predictive validity of the TRAS screener and full versions when examining supervision compliance and recidivism among a sample of 462 individuals on probation. Findings support predictive validity of incarceration due to rule violations and new offenses during supervision using the TRAS versions, along with the domains of the TRAS-CST version, although the effect sizes were small to moderate. Results also indicate that the domain scores on the full TRAS may provide important intervention focus for officers supervising individuals on community supervision.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding the Police Before the Police Find Them? Investigating How and Why Motorists Use Facebook for Knowledge of Roadside Drug Testing Locations","authors":"Laura Mills, James Freeman, Verity Truelove","doi":"10.1177/00938548241240064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241240064","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook groups and pages exist that expose the locations of roadside drug testing, potentially undermining police enforcement and enabling punishment avoidance. This study aimed to understand how and why these sites are used, with a focus on Queensland motorists who reported using illicit drugs and/or medical cannabis and used Facebook police location communities. Interviews with 30 participants were conducted. A thematic analysis revealed that participants used police location communities to avoid receiving a charge for driving under the influence of drugs. Upon observation of a relevant roadside drug-testing location on police location communities, participants reported (a) delaying their driving and/or (b) circumventing the operation. Avoidance of roadside drug-testing locations appeared driven by the perception that laws for driving under the influence of drugs were unfair and that a charge for driving under the influence of drugs would negatively impact their life. The findings provide important knowledge regarding police location communities and have implications for how roadside drug testing could be most effectively operated.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correctional Officer Responses to Workplace Trauma: Refining the Vicarious Trauma Toolkit","authors":"Frank Ferdik, Jon T. A. Gist, Hayden P. Smith","doi":"10.1177/00938548241241012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241241012","url":null,"abstract":"The Vicarious Trauma Toolkit (VTT) was created as a mental health resource for first-responders such as police officers and fire fighters who are routinely exposed to vicarious workplace trauma. While VTT services are appropriate for these occupational groups, they seem less so for correctional officers who are also exposed to secondary trauma at work. To widen the VTT’s reach to a correctional context, open-ended questionnaire data gathered from correctional officers ( N = 193) working in a Southeastern state prison system were analyzed inductively to understand the different types of trauma they encounter in their job, and their responses to trauma. Respondents cited both direct and vicarious trauma sources, including assaults, self-injury, and suicide. Their responses were categorized as either negative (alcohol use), neutral (professional detachment), or positive (gratefulness). Additional VTT resources that can reach an international audience of frontline workers are proposed in light of these findings.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mixed-Methodological Inquiry of Correctional Population Responses Toward the Prison Rape Elimination Act","authors":"Frank Ferdik, Hayden p. Smith, Creaig A. Dunton","doi":"10.1177/00938548241238412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241238412","url":null,"abstract":"For the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) to prevent sexual victimization in the correctional system, incarcerated persons and corrections staff must hold favorable views of this law, and behave in manners conducive toward its mission. In regards to behavior, both populations must report allegations of sexual misconduct, and be cautious in their interactions with one another. Currently, no study has researched whether these perceptual and behavioral expectations are being followed, or the factors influencing them. Mixed-methodological questionnaire data gathered from incarcerated persons ( n = 490) and corrections staff ( n = 222) who were in three state prisons located in the southeastern United States revealed how our custodial sample, compared to staff, were less likely to view PREA favorably, or to adopt behaviors supportive of this policy. Statistically significant correlates of self-reported behaviors included age, sex, and race. Discussion of results centers around ways of creating institutional cultures embracing of PREA.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140297652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Philosophies in Community Supervision of Gang-Involved Youth and Adults","authors":"Miltonette Olivia Craig, Meagan Zurn, Debi Elliott, Jenn Roark","doi":"10.1177/00938548241238341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241238341","url":null,"abstract":"The wide expansion of community supervision has resulted in large-scale reliance on probation officers to facilitate change among both youth and adults. This is especially true for supervising high-risk populations, such as gang-involved individuals. To understand how probation officers balance the dual goals of public safety and rehabilitation, in-depth interviews with 12 youth and adult officers in Oregon were conducted. Results revealed that both groups had a shared understanding of gang pathways and desistance barriers. However, they held differing views on the factors that drive success and compliance. Youth officers utilize therapeutic philosophies and emphasize restoration through community resources to help youth desist from gang activity. Adult officers endorse law enforcement philosophies, emphasize accountability and personal choices, and center punitive strategies when using interagency collaboration. This study contributes to the literature on role perceptions and decision-making, and suggests that continuity of care in supervision philosophies can yield more successful outcomes for high-risk youth and adults.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140297546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}