Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第8页

Buy-in for police early intervention systems: An initial exploration of what works 对警方早期干预系统的支持：对有效方法的初步探索

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102179

Thomas Christoff, Benjamin Carleton

{"title":"Buy-in for police early intervention systems: An initial exploration of what works","authors":"Thomas Christoff, Benjamin Carleton","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Early intervention systems (EISs) are becoming more prevalent in US law enforcement agencies. However, to date, scant empirical research has evaluated sworn members' perceptions of EISs and the degree of “buy-in” sworn members have for these systems. The current research conducts an initial exploration of how to best achieve buy-in, ultimately leading to greater acceptance of interventions by sworn members.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using sworn personnel survey data (<em>n</em> = 553) from five US police departments, this research uses regression analyses to explore sworn members' buy-in for EISs as predicted by their views of their department's EIS, including their familiarity with EISs and their views on whether the system is disciplinary or wellness-oriented.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our analysis indicates that buy-in of EISs is influenced by members' familiarity with EIS and whether members believe that EIS is related to well-being (as opposed to discipline). We also find that the variables included in the model explain a substantial proportion of the variance in buy-in.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This research provides important insights into the concept of buy-in for EISs, primarily that other factors can modulate buy-in. We discuss these findings in light of developing policy and training to foster the success of EISs within law enforcement agencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Police whistleblowing: A systematic review of the likelihood (and the barriers and facilitators) of the willingness of police officers to report the misconduct of fellow officers 警察举报：对警官愿意举报同事不当行为的可能性（以及障碍和促进因素）进行系统审查

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102170

Olivia Elizabeth Vere Taylor , Richard Philpot , Oliver Fitton , Zoë Walkington , Mark Levine

{"title":"Police whistleblowing: A systematic review of the likelihood (and the barriers and facilitators) of the willingness of police officers to report the misconduct of fellow officers","authors":"Olivia Elizabeth Vere Taylor , Richard Philpot , Oliver Fitton , Zoë Walkington , Mark Levine","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Recent high-profile cases of police misconduct have revealed that officers were often aware of misconduct, but remained silent, compromising public trust in law enforcement. Here, we systematically review ‘police whistleblowing’ literature to identify barriers and facilitators to officers challenging misconduct.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Employing PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 118 relevant papers, extracting data and coding key variables including who the ‘target’ of the research was; whether reporting practices were studied, and whether practical solutions were offered. A reflexive thematic analysis then assessed consensus among researchers within the literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five themes - 1) knowledge and rules, 2) consequences, 3) interpersonal relations, 4) responsibility, and 5) police culture and group relations – emerged as barriers and facilitators to whistleblowing. The review revealed relatively poorer representation of internal police reporting structures and limited practical solutions, with only 40 papers proposing strategies, predominantly centred on training and education.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This review highlights methodological limitations in existing research, with an overreliance on survey methods and a dominant focus on the characteristics of individuals over the structural constraints of reporting. The positive impacts of whistleblowing on policing as an institution and the development of practical strategies to overcome officers' reluctance to report misconduct remain largely unexplored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224000199/pdfft?md5=0141622dd201acd144af3c65b02ac107&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140180306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New editorship at Journal of Criminal Justice: Carrying the baton 刑事司法期刊》新任编辑：接过接力棒

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102169

Eric Beauregard

引用次数: 0

Provincial and territorial correctional service workers: A Canadian national and jurisdictional assessment of mental health 省和地区惩教服务工作者：加拿大国家和辖区心理健康评估

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102168

R. Ricciardelli , R.N. Carleton , T.L. Taillieu , S. Dorniani , M.S. Johnston , M. Carbonell , R. Coulling , E. Andres , T.O. Afifi

{"title":"Provincial and territorial correctional service workers: A Canadian national and jurisdictional assessment of mental health","authors":"R. Ricciardelli , R.N. Carleton , T.L. Taillieu , S. Dorniani , M.S. Johnston , M. Carbonell , R. Coulling , E. Andres , T.O. Afifi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Canadian correctional workers (CWs) experience substantial challenges with mental health, but prevalence estimates have been limited across provincial and territorial services.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participating CWs from all 13 provincial and territorial services (<em>n</em> = 3740) self-selected to complete an online mental health and well-being survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms of several mental disorders. Participants worked as correctional officers, community operations (e.g., probation officers), institutional operations (e.g., program officers), community administrators (e.g., managers), institutional or regional headquarters administrators, or institutional management (e.g., superintendents).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Across Canada, participants screened positive for one or more mental disorders (57.9%), with several regional differences (<em>p</em>s < 0.05). Correctional officers reported more positive screens than other CWs (<em>p</em>s < 0.05). Years of service and being married were inversely related with mental health (<em>p</em>s < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The current results suggest provincial and territorial CWs report mental health challenges much more frequently than the diagnostic prevalence for the general public (10.1%) and need additional supports. Unexpectedly, there were absent elevations associated with data collected after the onset of COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224000175/pdfft?md5=782b09c06e37bf8b6675d170b33c5850&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

For law enforcement purposes: The complicated relationship between the 1033 program and the expanding police mandate 用于执法目的：1033 计划与不断扩大的警察任务之间的复杂关系

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102166

John D. Crum , A. Corradi , D.M. Ramey

{"title":"For law enforcement purposes: The complicated relationship between the 1033 program and the expanding police mandate","authors":"John D. Crum , A. Corradi , D.M. Ramey","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nationwide protests and the ensuing “defund the police” movement reignited debates surrounding the allocation of resources to police departments and police militarization. A commonly examined program of militarization is the Department of Defense's (DoD) 1033 Program, which provides excess DoD equipment to federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies (LEA). While the program does transfer lethal military-grade equipment, most transfers are non-lethal equipment/items. Thus, the degree of participation in the 1033 Program reflecting the “warrior cop mentality” may be overstated. Instead, 1033 Program participation may reflect police cultural framing and rational decisions of how best to meet the needs of their expanding mandate, including providing electrical grid support and natural disaster relief. In this paper, we qualitatively code over 125,000 LEA 1033 justifications for individual items to illuminate how LEAs define their role in society amid their shifting mandate. Results reveal a complex relationship between entrenched cultural patterns and changing demands and needs of departments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal court responses to the modern opioid and methamphetamine twindemic 刑事法院应对现代阿片类药物和甲基苯丙胺双重流行的对策

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102167

Bryan Holmes , Ben Feldmeyer , Diana Sun , Shayna Arrigo

{"title":"Criminal court responses to the modern opioid and methamphetamine twindemic","authors":"Bryan Holmes , Ben Feldmeyer , Diana Sun , Shayna Arrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Despite over 1 million American lives lost to drug overdoses throughout the 21st century and a turbulent history between federal courts and drugs, past research has provided little insight on how criminal courts are responding to modern drug challenges. This research assesses the federal criminal legal response to 21st century drug problems in the context of substantial assistance departures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using federal drug sentencing data from 2008 to 2020, this study uses a series of multivariate regression models to examine the prevalence and magnitude of substantial assistance departures in 21st century drug cases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results indicate that pharmaceutical opioid cases have been the primary beneficiaries of substantial assistance motions, while methamphetamine and (to a lesser extent) fentanyl cases have not attracted substantial assistance departures to the same degree.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The response to these 21st century drug challenges is not only reflected in rule-based differences in policy, but also in “additional” benefits (for pharmaceutical opioids) and costs (for methamphetamine and fentanyl). Given the appetite for information surrounding government responses to the twindemic, this study provides a nuanced analysis and contributes to knowledge about formal responses to modern drug problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The resilience of drug trafficking organizations: Simulating the impact of police arresting key roles 贩毒组织的复原力：模拟警方逮捕关键角色的影响

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102165

Deborah Manzi, Francesco Calderoni

{"title":"The resilience of drug trafficking organizations: Simulating the impact of police arresting key roles","authors":"Deborah Manzi, Francesco Calderoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This research analyses the resistance and resilience of drug trafficking organizations against law enforcement interventions targeting specific operational roles.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using the MADTOR agent-based model, which draws on extensive data from a significant police operation and relevant literature, we simulate the complex dynamics of a major cocaine trafficking and dealing group. The study examined the impact of different arrest scenarios targeting traffickers, packagers, or retailers, on the organization's survival, member count, and revenue.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings reveal that interventions targeting traffickers lead to the most significant disruptions, while focusing on retailers also yields substantial impacts. Arresting packagers causes limited disruption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of role-specific law enforcement approaches in dismantling drug trafficking organizations, considering each role's distinct characteristics and operational importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004723522400014X/pdfft?md5=6a1e30cb816954d646bd82a8ec2e4f5c&pid=1-s2.0-S004723522400014X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The math of serial murder: Understanding victim numbers and series duration 连环谋杀的数学：了解受害者人数和系列持续时间

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102164

April Miin Miin Chai , D. Kim Rossmo , Julien Chopin , Enzo Yaksic

{"title":"The math of serial murder: Understanding victim numbers and series duration","authors":"April Miin Miin Chai , D. Kim Rossmo , Julien Chopin , Enzo Yaksic","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study addresses the complex task of determining the criminal intensity posed by serial killers in a murder series by introducing the Lambda (− rate of killings) to adjust for the time span in a murder series. It focuses on examining factors related to the offender and the crime-commission process that influence victim count in a series. Methods: Generalized estimating equations with a negative binomial and a gamma log link function were used to examine factors predicting victim count in a sample of 1258 serial murder cases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed that offender criminal history did not predict higher levels of Lambda when assessing victim count alone, but did predict a lower value when series length was accounted for. Killing methods were also significant predictors of a higher Lambda but were less useful when only number of victims was considered. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of the rate of killings along with total victim count for a more comprehensive understanding of the series' criminal intensity. This approach has implications for law enforcement and criminal profiling as it offers a more detailed perspective on the immediate threat posed by serial killers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139709293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Offending trajectories from childhood to retirement age: Findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study 从童年到退休年龄的犯罪轨迹：斯德哥尔摩出生队列研究的结果

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102155

Fredrik Sivertsson, Christoffer Carlsson, Ylva Almquist, Lars Brännström

{"title":"Offending trajectories from childhood to retirement age: Findings from the Stockholm birth cohort study","authors":"Fredrik Sivertsson, Christoffer Carlsson, Ylva Almquist, Lars Brännström","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The current study explores heterogeneity in the aggregate age-crime curve. This is achieved by analyzing to what extent there is empirical support for the existence of pivotal typologies in developmental and life-course criminology, as well as whether there is any heterogeneity in trajectories among adult-onset offenders (first recorded for crime at age 25 or later).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were drawn from a population-representative birth cohort of 14,608 males and females, followed prospectively in registers from age nine to 64. Trajectories of antisocial and criminal behavior were identified by means of group-based trajectory modelling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A small group with a high prevalence of crime across the life course, among both males and females, was found. Furthermore, a large proportion of offenders were adult-onset offenders, and there was meaningful heterogeneity in their criminal trajectories. However, the data did not lend much support to the hypothesized phenomenon of late-blooming.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There is meaningful heterogeneity in the aggregate age-crime curve, including trajectories that resonate fairly well with predictions derived from Moffitt's taxonomy. Nevertheless, there are firm reasons for theorizing proximate causes for the onset and continuation of crime beyond emerging adulthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224000047/pdfft?md5=530a56ab5851beaf8104023600710c6a&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public perception of bidirectional intimate partner violence 公众对双向亲密伴侣暴力的看法

IF 5.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102149

Simran Ahmed , L. Maaike Helmus , Alexandra Lysova

引用次数: 0