Annual Review of Political Science最新文献_第5页

Testing Causal Theories with Learned Proxies 用学习代理检验因果理论

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-111443

D. Knox, Christopher Lucas, W. Cho

{"title":"Testing Causal Theories with Learned Proxies","authors":"D. Knox, Christopher Lucas, W. Cho","doi":"10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-111443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-111443","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists commonly use computational models to estimate proxies of unobserved concepts, then incorporate these proxies into subsequent tests of their theories. The consequences of this practice, which occurs in over two-thirds of recent computational work in political science, are underappreciated. Imperfect proxies can reflect noise and contamination from other concepts, producing biased point estimates and standard errors. We demonstrate how analysts can use causal diagrams to articulate theoretical concepts and their relationships to estimated proxies, then apply straightforward rules to assess which conclusions are rigorously supportable. We formalize and extend common heuristics for “signing the bias”—a technique for reasoning about unobserved confounding—to scenarios with imperfect proxies. Using these tools, we demonstrate how, in often-encountered research settings, proxy-based analyses allow for valid tests for the existence and direction of theorized effects. We conclude with best-practice recommendations for the rapidly growing literature using learned proxies to test causal theories. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74166384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Elites in the Making and Breaking of Foreign Policy 制定和打破外交政策的精英

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-103330

E. Saunders

引用次数: 13

Three Faces of Climate Justice 气候正义的三面

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125514

N. Dolšak, A. Prakash

{"title":"Three Faces of Climate Justice","authors":"N. Dolšak, A. Prakash","doi":"10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125514","url":null,"abstract":"There is overwhelming consensus about the science of climate change. Climate politics, however, remains volatile, driven by perceptions of injustice, which motivate policy resistance and undermine policy legitimacy. We identify three types of injustice. The first pertains to the uneven exposure to climate change impacts across countries and communities within a country. Socially, politically, and economically disadvantaged communities that have contributed the least to the climate crisis tend to be affected the most. To address climate change and its impacts, countries and subnational units have enacted a range of policies. But even carefully designed mitigation and adaptation policies distribute costs (the second justice dimension) and benefits (the third justice dimension) unevenly across sectors and communities, often reproducing existing inequalities. Climate justice requires paying careful attention to who bears the costs and who gets the benefits of both climate inaction and action. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83340529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

The American Political Economy: Markets, Power, and the Meta Politics of US Economic Governance 美国政治经济学:市场、权力和美国经济治理的元政治

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013916

J. Hacker, Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, P. Pierson, K. Thelen

{"title":"The American Political Economy: Markets, Power, and the Meta Politics of US Economic Governance","authors":"J. Hacker, Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, P. Pierson, K. Thelen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013916","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the emerging field of American political economy (APE). Methodologically eclectic, this field seeks to understand the interaction of markets and government in America's unequal and polarized polity. Though situated within American politics research, APE draws from comparative political economy to develop a broad approach that departs from the American politics mainstream in two main ways. First, APE focuses on the interaction of markets and governance, a peripheral concern in much American politics research. Second, it invokes a theoretical orientation attentive to what we call meta politics—the processes of institution shaping, agenda setting, and venue shopping that unfold before and alongside the more visible processes of mass politics that figure so centrally in American politics research. These substantive and theoretical differences expand the study of American politics into neglected yet vital domains, generating fresh insights into the United States’ distinctive mix of capitalism and democracy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"579 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Political Participation Amid Mass Incarceration 大规模监禁中的政治参与

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-014809

Ariel White

引用次数: 5

Race in International Relations: Beyond the “Norm Against Noticing” 国际关系中的种族:超越“反对注意的规范”

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051820-120746

Bianca Freeman, D.G. Kim, David A. Lake

{"title":"Race in International Relations: Beyond the “Norm Against Noticing”","authors":"Bianca Freeman, D.G. Kim, David A. Lake","doi":"10.1146/annurev-polisci-051820-120746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051820-120746","url":null,"abstract":"The global movement for racial justice and the rise of anti-Asian hate at the height of the pandemic have called new attention to race and racism in international politics. Although critical theorists have decried the “norm against noticing,” other scholars of international relations have long sidestepped the possible role of race in shaping contemporary international affairs. New studies of hierarchy in international relations open the door for new understandings of race in world politics. We propose an analytic framework for the relationship between racial hierarchy, international law, and foreign policy, demonstrating that race can help explain patterns of interstate interactions that sustain an unequal global order. Positing two faces of racism in international relations, we examine how race biases international law in practice and affects the assessment of foreign threats and national interest. We discuss key methodological challenges in empirical research on race in international relations, focusing on issues of measurement, aggregation, and causation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81287429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Government Responsiveness in Developing Countries 发展中国家的政府反应能力

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-112501

Guy Grossman, Tara Slough

{"title":"Government Responsiveness in Developing Countries","authors":"Guy Grossman, Tara Slough","doi":"10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-112501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-112501","url":null,"abstract":"When and how do governments deliver public goods and services in response to citizen preferences? We review the current literature on government responsiveness, with a focus on public goods and service delivery in developing countries. We identify three types of actors that are commonly present in these accounts: politicians, bureaucrats, and citizens. Much of this literature examines interactions between dyads of these actors. The study of electoral accountability and constituency services emphasizes relationships between citizens (or voters) and politicians. Studies of bureaucratic incentives and political oversight of bureaucrats emphasize interactions between politicians and bureaucrats. Finally, studies of bureaucratic embeddedness and citizen oversight of bureaucrats elaborate the interactions between bureaucrats and citizens. We argue that an emerging literature that considers interactions between all three types of actors provides rich theoretical and empirical terrain for developing our understanding of responsiveness and accountability in low- and middle-income countries and beyond. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76197551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The Power of Beliefs 信念的力量

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013517

M. Levi

引用次数: 1

Secrecy in International Relations and Foreign Policy 国际关系和外交政策中的保密

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-041719-102430

A. Carnegie

引用次数: 11

How Do Electoral Gender Quotas Affect Policy 选举性别配额如何影响政策

IF 10.8 1区社会学

Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-041719-102019

Amanda Clayton

引用次数: 27