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Annual Review of Political Science最新文献

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How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals 国际参与者如何帮助执行国内交易
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050718-033504
Aila M. Matanock
{"title":"How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals","authors":"Aila M. Matanock","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050718-033504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050718-033504","url":null,"abstract":"International actors at times seek to help bring peace, democracy, and human rights. Studies of how international actors help enforce political bargains between incumbent governments and their domestic opponents are proliferating. They show that opposition groups have trouble trusting incumbents to adhere to the political bargains they strike because incumbents can use their familiarity with state institutions and can use their asymmetric hold on power during bargain implementation to violate terms by retaining more of the status quo than agreed. International actors can overcome these “reversion problems,” however, by using monitoring mechanisms (often focused on electoral campaigns) and incentives conditioned on compliance. Reversion problems, and enforcement by international actors as a solution, are common across issue areas—arising when domestic actors try to end civil conflict, open elections, and reduce repression—but the literatures in these issue areas have largely remained segregated. This review proposes advancing this research agenda by unifying them and (re)examining the conditions under which this solution works best.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78030867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
The Consequences of Contention: Understanding the Aftereffects of Political Conflict and Violence 争论的后果:理解政治冲突和暴力的后果
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-064057
C. Davenport, H. Nygård, Hanne Fjelde, David A. Armstrong
{"title":"The Consequences of Contention: Understanding the Aftereffects of Political Conflict and Violence","authors":"C. Davenport, H. Nygård, Hanne Fjelde, David A. Armstrong","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-064057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-064057","url":null,"abstract":"What are the political and economic consequences of contention (i.e., genocide, civil war, state repression/human rights violation, terrorism, and protest)? Despite a significant amount of interest as well as quantitative research, the literature on this subject remains underdeveloped and imbalanced across topic areas. To date, investigations have been focused on particular forms of contention and specific consequences. While this research has led to some important insights, substantial limitations—as well as opportunities for future development—remain. In particular, there is a need for simultaneously investigating a wider range of consequences (beyond democracy and economic development), a wider range of contentious activity (beyond civil war, protest, and terrorism), a wider range of units of analysis (beyond the nation year), and a wider range of empirical approaches in order to handle particular difficulties confronting this type of inquiry (beyond ordinary least-squares regression). Only then will we have a better and more comprehensive understanding of what contention does and does not do politically and economically. This review takes stock of existing research and lays out an approach for looking at the problem using a more comprehensive perspective.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72810303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
The Political Theory of Universal Basic Income 全民基本收入的政治理论
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070954
J. Bidadanure
{"title":"The Political Theory of Universal Basic Income","authors":"J. Bidadanure","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070954","url":null,"abstract":"Universal basic income (UBI) is a radical policy proposal of a monthly cash grant given to all members of a community without means test, regardless of personal desert, with no strings attached, and, under most proposals, at a sufficiently high level to enable a life free from economic insecurity. Once a utopian proposal, the policy is now widely discussed and piloted throughout the world. Among the various objections to the proposal, one concerns its moral adequacy: Isn't it fundamentally unjust to give cash to all indiscriminately rather than to those who need it and deserve it? This article reviews the variety of strategies deployed by political theorists to posit that the proposal is in fact justified, or even required, by social justice. The review focuses mainly on the contemporary normative debate on UBI—roughly dating back to Philippe Van Parijs's influential work in the 1990s—and is centered on the ideals of freedom and equality.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74
The Return of the Single-Country Study 单一国家研究的回归
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051017-113314
Thomas B. Pepinsky
{"title":"The Return of the Single-Country Study","authors":"Thomas B. Pepinsky","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051017-113314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051017-113314","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the changing status of single-country research in comparative politics, a field defined by the concept of comparison. An analysis of single-country research published in top general interest and comparative politics journals reveals that single-country research has evolved from an emphasis on description and theory generation to an emphasis on hypothesis testing and research design. This change is a result of shifting preferences for internal versus external validity combined with the quantitative and causal inference revolutions in the social sciences. A consequence of this shift is a change in substantive focus from macropolitical phenomena to micro-level processes, with consequences for the ability of comparative politics to address many substantive political phenomena that have long been at the center of the field.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81994250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
Center-Right Political Parties in Advanced Democracies 发达民主国家的中右翼政党
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-090717-092750
Noam Gidron, D. Ziblatt
{"title":"Center-Right Political Parties in Advanced Democracies","authors":"Noam Gidron, D. Ziblatt","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-090717-092750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-090717-092750","url":null,"abstract":"This review proposes a comparative research agenda on center-right parties in advanced democracies, bringing together research in American and comparative politics. Political scientists have recently closely examined the decline of the center-left and the rise of the radical right but have paid less attention to the weakening of center-right parties. Yet cohesive center-right parties have facilitated political stability and compromises, while their disintegration has empowered radical challengers. After presenting an overview of right-wing politics in Western democracies and weighing different definitions of the electoral right, we discuss two factors that shape variations in center-right cohesion: organizational robustness of center-right partisan institutions and the (un)bundling of conservative mass attitudes on different policy dimensions. Last, we argue that a full account of the rise of the radical right cannot focus solely on the strategies of the center-left but must incorporate also the choices, opportunities, and constraints of center-right parties.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80133778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Beyond the “Sinew of War”: The Political Economy of Security as a Subfield 超越“战争的血脉”:安全的政治经济学的一个分支
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070912
Paul Poast
{"title":"Beyond the “Sinew of War”: The Political Economy of Security as a Subfield","authors":"Paul Poast","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050317-070912","url":null,"abstract":"Since at least Cicero, we have known that “money is the sinew of war.” Is it possible for a political economy of security (PES) subfield to contribute knowledge beyond Cicero's claim? This article aims to delineate the boundaries of a PES subfield by using the classic “guns versus butter” trade-off to define the existing literature within the subfield. Thinking seriously about this trade-off, including conditions under which a trade-off may not exist, raises a host of questions. The two most direct questions are: How does consuming “guns” influence the consumption of “butter”? And how does using “guns” influence the consumption of “butter”?","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75229540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Not So Civic: Is There a Difference Between Ethnic and Civic Nationalism? 不那么公民:民族民族主义和公民民族主义有区别吗?
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-022018-024059
Yael Tamir
{"title":"Not So Civic: Is There a Difference Between Ethnic and Civic Nationalism?","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-022018-024059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-022018-024059","url":null,"abstract":"There are reasons why some political ideas fit better into a theoretical framework than others. This article analyzes attempts to detheorize nationalism, arguing that they serve three major functions. First, they free nationalists from universalizing their arguments and from the ensuing rights and obligations. Second, they allow its rivals to present nationalism as morally inferior to other political standpoints. Third, they lead to the singling out and legitimization of one specific form of nationalism that is principle driven. Drawing a line between forms of nationalism—those motivated by primordial feelings and those motivated by rational and universal principles—lays the groundwork for a distinction between ethnic and civic nationalism. Though in theory these are two distinct forms of nationalism, in reality the boundaries are blurred. And yet advocates of civic nationalism keep the distinction alive, wishing to distance themselves from the other form of nationalism and promoting a vision (some would say the illusion) of a nationless nationalism. Assuming that Western democracies have transcended their national and ethnic elements encourages politicians to ignore social schisms, avoiding the need to cope with their consequences. The civic language therefore not only is theoretically inaccurate but also motivates avoidance where action is needed.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87571878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
The Politics of Rulemaking in the United States 美国规则制定的政治
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050817-092302
Susan Webb Yackee
{"title":"The Politics of Rulemaking in the United States","authors":"Susan Webb Yackee","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050817-092302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050817-092302","url":null,"abstract":"Rulemaking is a critical part of American government and governance. This article reviews the political underpinnings of modern rulemaking. Specifically, it highlights the process and impact of agency regulations, as well as the key tools used by the legislature, elected executive, and courts to oversee the rulemaking process. The article also reviews who participates in the rulemaking process, as well as who influences regulatory content. Finally, new directions in regulatory policymaking are explored, including data collection advancements, as well as the potential role for guidance documents as replacements for more traditionally issued notice and comment regulations.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86114236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
A Conversation with Theda Skocpol 专访Theda Skocpol
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-030816-105449
T. Skocpol, E. Schickler
{"title":"A Conversation with Theda Skocpol","authors":"T. Skocpol, E. Schickler","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-030816-105449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-030816-105449","url":null,"abstract":"An interview with Theda Skocpol took place at Harvard University in December 2017. Professor Skocpol is the Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology at Harvard University. Skocpol is the author of numerous books and articles well known in political science and beyond, including States and Social Revolutions, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life, and The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (the latter coauthored with Vanessa Williamson). Skocpol has served as President of the American Political Science Association and the Social Science History Association. Among her honors, she is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the National Academy of Sciences, and she was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science. She was interviewed by Eric Schickler, the Jeffrey & Ashley McDermott Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley. The following is an edited transcript; a video of the entire interview can be viewed at https://www.annualreviews.org/r/theda-skocpol .","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73374101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Free Speech and Hate Speech 言论自由和仇恨言论
IF 10.8 1区 社会学
Annual Review of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-05-13 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051517-012343
J. Howard
{"title":"Free Speech and Hate Speech","authors":"J. Howard","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051517-012343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-051517-012343","url":null,"abstract":"Should hate speech be banned? This article contends that the debate on this question must be disaggregated into discrete analytical stages, lest its participants continue to talk past one another. The first concerns the scope of the moral right to freedom of expression, and whether hate speech falls within the right's protective ambit. If it does, hate speech bans are necessarily unjust. If not, we turn to the second stage, which assesses whether speakers have moral duties to refrain from hate speech. The article canvasses several possible duties from which such a duty could be derived, including duties not to threaten, harass, offend, defame, or incite. If there is a duty to refrain from hate speech, it is yet a further question whether the duty should actually be enforced. This third stage depends on pragmatic concerns involving epistemic fallibility, the abuse of state power, and the benefits of counter-speech over coercion.","PeriodicalId":48264,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Political Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87252647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
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