Political Geography最新文献

{"title":"Territorialising the cloud or clouding the territory? Volumetric vulnerabilities and the militarised conjunctures of Singapore’s smart city-state","authors":"Orlando Woods ,&nbsp;Tim Bunnell ,&nbsp;Lily Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores how the volumetric characteristics of cloud computing can create new expressions of territoriality, which in turn can reveal new axes of vulnerability and threat. Whilst recent work in political geography has sought to “locate” the cloud through analyses of data centre geographies and data-driven processes of smart urbanism, we look beyond the material plane and consider the amorphous territorialities of voluminous data instead. As much as these data are acted on by the legal-regulatory mechanics of the state in a bid to territorialise them, so too do these data volumes serve to cloud, and thus obscure, territory. Processes of territorialising and clouding exist in a state of dialectical tension with each other, and reveal the volumetric vulnerabilities of cloud computing. We validate these theoretical claims through an analysis of in-depth interviews with senior stakeholders in Singapore's Smart Nation initiative. In Singapore, defending the city is equivalent to defending the nation, which causes the military to play an outsized role in securing the city-state. We consider how the attack surface of the city becomes a more voluminous construct with cloud computing, how strategies of geofencing attempt to secure the cloud, and how these processes reveal the increasingly militarised conjunctures of everyday life. Overall, these insights reveal a need for political geography to continually evolve its theoretical premises in line with the rapid digitalisation of the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining strategic disinterment: Forensics and the reconstruction of the missing in Cyprus","authors":"Maria Mikellide ,&nbsp;Romanos Lyritsas ,&nbsp;Nikandros Ioannidis ,&nbsp;Iosif Kovras","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘strategic disinterment’ in Cyprus, namely the purposeful and selective destruction of primary graves and removal of remains of missing persons to unknown secondary burial sites. Our examination of why violent actors invest valuable resources to exhume victims from the original burial location, even when they no longer pose a security threat, has significant theoretical and methodological implications. First, it pushes the boundaries of our understanding of violence by challenging the assumption that violent actors target only the living. Second, it innovates methodologically by introducing the use of forensic data to explain the strategic logic of selective removal of remains of victims from original grave sites in Cyprus. By exploring the interplay between temporal, spatial, demographic, and political considerations and analysing variables that may explain strategic disinterment, we make informed inferences about the possible drivers of grave selection. We argue the decision of armed groups to engage in strategic disinterment in Cyprus was shaped by a set of two factors. On the one hand, they were ‘pushed’ by the degree of perceived accountability associated with specific graves that concealed incriminatory evidence of heinous crimes. On the other hand, their capacity to organize sophisticated operations, such as mass-scale reburials, was crucial. Only actors with the capacity and attentive to (international) accountability norms were likely to engage in strategic disinterment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001562/pdfft?md5=a9969dc786343f8528778349e823efa4&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001562-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jurisdictional imaginaries as contested geographies: A metaphor analysis of reference cases about Canada's Impact Assessment Act","authors":"Gwendolyn Blue ,&nbsp;Lianne Lefsrud ,&nbsp;Alana Lajoie-O’Malley ,&nbsp;Hunter Yaworski ,&nbsp;William N. Holden","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jurisdictional imaginaries, defined as constitutive and productive fictions with real world effects, serve a distinct purpose in the context of debates over Canadian environmental impact assessment. Metaphors are one way in which jurisdictional imaginaries are maintained and contested. In creating associations between entities, metaphors mark storytelling about jurisdiction with the imprints of history and place, and shape thinking about arrangements of authority within contested geographies. In Canadian reference cases (questions posed by governments to courts to seek advice on legislation), the judiciary settle conflicts over jurisdiction through case-by-case assessments based on interpretations of the Canadian constitution in which debates about federalism loom large. Our analysis of two reference cases on Canada's <em>Impact Assessment Act</em> (IAA) evidenced disagreements in court decisions about the scope and significance of provincial and federal authority, which hinged on metaphors of separation and conflict, and drew on two competing imaginaries: a classical imaginary which envisions dualist, hierarchical, and exclusionary orders of authority between provincial and federal governments; and a modern imaginary which emphasizes jurisdictional overlap and flexibility in constitutional interpretation. Reading these divergent imaginaries against a backdrop of legal pluralism and ongoing settler colonialism, we argue that both imaginaries normalize, rather than unsettle, colonial political logics predicated on the replacement of Indigenous sovereignty by European legal orders. The IAA reference cases, far from mere technical assessments of the constitutionality of legislation, highlight political questions about what kind of society Canada is and could become.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001392/pdfft?md5=bfe2d3f1ee9f5533026ef880e33c966f&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001392-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporalities in spatial narratives about war ruins in Mostar","authors":"Matheus Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spatial turn in peace and conflict studies and the geographies of peace research agendas have underscored the importance of space in (post-)conflict societies. These fields, despite recognising that space and time are inseparable dimensions, often pay more attention to the former compared to the latter. To address this gap, this article explains how space relates to temporality, a concept that delves into the lived experiences of time. More specifically, I analyse how understandings of the past, present, and future shape spatial narratives about war ruins in Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina), where buildings targeted during the 1990s wars remain unreconstructed. Drawing on spatial narratives gathered through walks and elite interviews, I show that temporality is a crucial element of space because lived experiences of time structure individuals' perspectives on war ruins in Mostar. Four temporalities were woven into participants’ narratives: (1) narratives shaped by trauma temporalities where war ruins remind people of wartime violence and collapse past and present; (2) narratives driven by temporalities of nostalgia and opportunities that invite reflections about the future of Mostar; (3) narratives building on a temporality of commodification that sees ruins as marketable attractions for tourists; and (4) narratives framing ruins as barriers to synchronising Mostar to a temporality of modernity, characterised by notions of progress and economic development. Through these findings, I demonstrate that temporalities are a key factor in how individuals perceive space and highlight the importance of temporalities in explaining heterogeneous attitudes toward space in areas affected by violence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096262982400146X/pdfft?md5=b95214e9795e91a665027002661e57bc&pid=1-s2.0-S096262982400146X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental statecraft and changing spatial politics: Erhai Lake protection in China","authors":"Yi Feng,&nbsp;Fulong Wu,&nbsp;Fangzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on environmental governance have mainly focused on the relationship between local state, market, and community. However, how an environmental agenda is achieved by multi-scalar state actors and how these multi-scalar interventions reshape urban spatial politics have been understudied. This research investigates the protection of Erhai Lake in Dali, a third-tier city in Western China. Erhai Lake protection is a high-profile initiative proposed by the top leader. However, it is not only conducted through a top-down target-setting authoritarian system but has also invoked market and state interventions from various scales. Based on this case, we first reflect on statecraft in governing environmental sustainability in China, which manifested in mobilizing hybrid instruments to achieve the environmental goal. Second, environmental practices at the local scale do not municipalize environmental resources. Instead, the provincial-level state stands out in influencing local regulations and deploying state-owned enterprises to achieve environmental and economic ends. These actions peripheralize local city authorities in economic development, social management, and environmental assets management, undermining the entrepreneurial stance of the city government. This research contributes to understanding the co-evolution of urban spatial politics and environmental practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001458/pdfft?md5=1fcfdd40bd431aa6e88f2010edd6504d&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gatekeeping beyond the state: The mombasa port development program and the emergence of the gatekeeper city","authors":"Louis Cyuzuzo","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the announcement of Kenya's <em>Vision 2030</em>, infrastructure provision has been cast as a central part of Kenya's development strategy. A key component of this vision is the upgrading of the Port of Mombasa, the largest and busiest port in East Africa, to international logistics standards. Analyzing the implementation of the Mombasa Port Development Program (MPDP), this article argues that it reveals a transformation of the politics of ‘gatekeeping’ - understood as the political contests around the spatial and institutional sites that mediate the circulation of resources between domestic and international political-economic spheres. The controversies surrounding the management of the MPDP reveal how gatekeeping has undergone a process of decentralization, that results in arenas of gatekeeper competition multiplying at the intersection of new institutional and spatial sites of political contestation. The article demonstrates how gatekeeping now increasingly encompasses complex interactions between peripheral city-level actors and international state and non-state actors. Spatially, it emphasizes how gatekeeping contests crystallize around Mombasa's logistics sector, due to the port city's position as a crucial gateway linking the hinterland to global trade networks. This, I argue, is transforming Mombasa into a <em>gatekeeper city</em> understood as an urban space of transboundary logistical entanglements, where a variety of spatial practices encounter, and reconfigure the modalities of gatekeeping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001434/pdfft?md5=7b44a81bfdb924849c9286dcb4c5254c&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surge of the small donorate in U.S. elections: A view from Texas statewide campaigns","authors":"Grant L. Ferguson ,&nbsp;James G. Gimpel ,&nbsp;Mark E. Owens ,&nbsp;Daron R. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last twenty years, a remarkable surge in small donor contributing has been observed throughout the United States. Little is known, however, about the geographic origin of these small donors. In this research, we ask whether the impressive emergence of small donors is observed in the same places the large donations spring from, or whether these donors occupy a distinct, more dispersed, geography. If the new donors are emerging from locations where donations are traditionally scarce, then perhaps this extraordinary development is more politically significant. We find that small donor fundraising has had a centrifugal impact on the campaign playing field, bringing fundraising into closer congruence with other grassroots outreach efforts. The democratization of campaign finance is well underway with observers now engaged in a vigorous debate about the consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Where #freedom and #patriotism live:’ Linking digital media to far-right geographies","authors":"Jason Luger","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores some ways that far-right worldviews are digitally encoded and strategically-assembled in and through built environments. The paper argues that an understanding of far-right spatiality will be limited without a more inter-scalar, relational and material framing of the various components of far-right world-building. Assemblage ontologies, seen through comparative cases, therefore hold value in making sense of the far-right today.</p><p>Explorations of how digital media and the far-right are entangled with and co-producing built environments, are thus vital. As ideologies and philosophies (e.g., nationalism or conspiracism) travel across networked medias, complex hybridizations become infrastructurally-fixed-in-place. These affixations produce, and are produced by, geographical communities (e.g., urban developments). Far-right material infrastructures thereby extend from, and into, the digital, mediated by both human and nonhuman processes (such as generative AI), thus becoming co-constitutive elements of place, via land ownership, buildings, aesthetics, social encounters and practices, urban planning processes, and electoral politics; e.g., the assembled spatialities of everyday life.</p><p>The paper juxtaposes two international cases, drawn from ethnography and critical discourse/visual analyses. The first is the territorialisation of circulating notions of American hyper-patriotic nationalism in the suburban South via urban developments and recreational spaces. The second case explores how far-right representations of conspiracism and debates around urban traditionalism versus modernity, are contested online and offline in Dresden, Saxony. Both cases point to the powerful entanglements of far-right ideology, digital media, and <em>place.</em> Conceptually, the paper juxtaposes phenomenological notions of far-right space/place with ideas of ‘strategic assemblage’ and online/offline ‘code space’, as ontological lenses to interrogate the relationships between far-right online worlds and the material configurations of physical infrastructures and materials which have troubling implications for everyday environments and democratic life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001446/pdfft?md5=a97cb21db46c85c019ce4a7b5027ac18&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Apartheid Israel","authors":"Andrew Brooks ,&nbsp;Mark Griffiths","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001422/pdfft?md5=69cc6756f567cc0c984df691583355cd&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between hope and hostility: The affirmative biopolitics of everyday smartphone geographies","authors":"Hannah Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores what it means to hope under, within, and through everyday modes of affective hostile governance. Taking the empirical landscape of everyday digital life within the UK's asylum system, this paper outlines how smartphone practices are entangled with an everyday politics of hope. Holding the tension between hostility and hope, I centre an array of taken-for-granted everyday digital practices that have become central to hope production, circulation, and maintenance within periods of waiting for asylum seekers: from online gaming and lock screen photo choices to the creation of WhatsApp group chats. In the context of banal digital practices, I argue that what hope enables — defined as alternative attachments to life otherwise (materially, spatial-temporally, imaginatively) — is a form of agency that cannot simply be dismissed as cruel or futile within the broader context of systems that harm, injure, and erode. Instead, I highlight how the ability of hope to emerge alongside hostility in the UK's asylum system challenges us to reconceptualise everyday forms of digitally-mediated agency and power.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001410/pdfft?md5=51f90d6408cf71653f9e20ec6b451460&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001410-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}