DECISION SCIENCES最新文献

{"title":"Three cobblers worth the mastermind? The potential of ensemble in crowdsourced classification problems","authors":"Wangcheng Yan,&nbsp;Paolo Letizia,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhou","doi":"10.1111/deci.12516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12516","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Classification problems, where the objective is to identify the class labels of given data points, are most often the subject of open contests, in which solvers compete for awards offered by solution seekers. Extant literature in open contests has studied both the winner-takes-all and top-K award schemes, in which the award is granted to the best one and the best K solutions, respectively. However, in comparing these two schemes, researchers have never considered that under a top-K award scheme, seekers may often benefit from aggregating the solutions as an ensemble, which could achieve a performance that is superior to any individual solution. The practice of ensemble is very common especially in classification and other data science problems, and in this work, we are the first to model it with the scope of deriving the optimal award scheme in open contests. Our results formally show that, given the option of ensemble, a top-K award scheme may have the advantage to grant a higher profit to the seeker than the winner-takes-all award scheme. Further, the optimal number of awards is positively affected by contest parameters including the solvers' expertise, the number of solvers, and the return on effort, whereas it is negatively affected by the technical uncertainty when such uncertainty is sufficiently large. These findings are consistent with the increasing adoption of the top-K award scheme in contests held on Kaggle and other similar platforms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 2","pages":"223-238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81703454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of inventory risk on market prices under competition","authors":"Anton Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;Hubert Pun,&nbsp;Gal Raz","doi":"10.1111/deci.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Firms often must procure inventory/capacity before knowing what the demand will be, so there is a potential for a mismatch between inventory and demand, the “inventory risk.” We show that, because of inventory risk, an increase in the number of competitors can lead to an increasing trend in market prices. Furthermore, we show that, ceteris paribus, because of how inventory risk impacts competitive behavior, firms may prefer to incur inventory risk rather than to avoid it. To illustrate the robustness of our results, we establish these findings using three complementary methodologies: (i) using data from a classroom experiment, (ii) using a quantal response equilibrium simulation to capture realistic irrationalities in managerial decisions under competition, and (iii) using a fully rational Nash equilibrium model to capture the impact of the competition per se. That all three methods lead to identical qualitative findings reinforces the main message of our paper: Inventory risk reverses the standard intuition for how an increase in the number of competitors impacts prices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"54 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50144926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal portfolio choices to split orders during supply disruptions: An application of sport's principle for routine sourcing","authors":"Sidhartha S. Padhi,&nbsp;Soumyatanu Mukherjee","doi":"10.1111/deci.12511","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sourcing in the face of supply chain disruptions has been one of the most challenging tasks in supply chain management, particularly when such disruptions occur due to natural calamities, such as flood, fire, and earthquake, affecting both the primary and the backup suppliers. Invariably, such disruptions lead to reduced supply from the primary supplier, encouraging the supplier to place fresh orders with the backup suppliers. In order to mitigate the adverse effect of supply disruption, in this article we use the concepts underlying the well-known Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method, used in cricket, to revise the supply target of the primary supplier and to decide a target for the backup supplier. We simulated the supply disruption scenarios in an experimental setting by conducting a two-round questionnaire survey among 300 purchase managers. The means and variances of the participants’ estimates of probabilities of meeting the revised targets within the scheduled time for various model-generated supply scenarios were used to find the participants’ risk preferences. In the second-round survey, the participants, clustered in groups of 10, ranked their own risk preferences. These ranks were used to find the optimal portfolio choices. Finally, we validated the theoretical predictions for the risk options using two approaches—one, at the group level by estimating the within- and the between-group risk preferences of buyers, and, two, at the aggregate level, by considering all the participants, fitting quantile regression model to the experimental results, and estimating the risk preference structures for different quantiles of the relative risk–return trade-off distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 6","pages":"1068-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81534688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring demand chasing behavior","authors":"Samuel N. Kirshner,&nbsp;Brent B. Moritz","doi":"10.1111/deci.12518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chasing behavior is an example of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic that occurs in many business contexts. In inventory management settings, decision makers often engage in demand chasing by adjusting order quantities toward recent demand observations. This can result in lower profit for the firm and increased variability across the supply chain. Prior research suggests that demand chasing can be measured by regression or correlation. Using two empirical datasets, we show that the observed costs associated with chasing are better captured using regression. We complement our empirical findings through comprehensive simulations across a range of order generating functions, supporting the robustness of regression models. Finally, we discuss behavioral differences between approaches and explain why certain models are better equipped for measuring demand chasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"52 6","pages":"1264-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82186547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals-2030 through the nutraceutical industry: A review of managerial research and the role of operations management","authors":"Shailly Chaurasia,&nbsp;Rupesh Kumar Pati,&nbsp;Sidhartha S. Padhi,&nbsp;Jennifer M. K. Jensen,&nbsp;Nagesh Gavirneni","doi":"10.1111/deci.12515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article focuses on the current state of management literature about the emerging nutraceutical industry, examining its strengths and weaknesses and future research opportunities within the context of global goals to end hunger, such as United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper, we review one decade of nutraceutical management literature in the context of international antihunger agreements, detailing trends in the literature related to geographic and temporal diffusion, journals publishing in these topics, research methodologies applied, theoretical approaches discussed, and managerial research themes addressed (including sustainability issues). Nutraceuticals have been proposed by international public–private partnerships and food industry actors as having the potential to address malnutrition and undernourishment. The review reflects that research on nutraceutical business practices is still in its early stages. The study indicates that future research and policy-related studies should focus on resolving the operational challenges that underdeveloped and developing economies face in improving accessibility and affordability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 4","pages":"630-645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of lean implementation on hospital financial performance","authors":"Sriram Narayanan,&nbsp;Shawnee K. Vickery,&nbsp;Mariana L. Nicolae,&nbsp;Matthew J. Castel,&nbsp;Michael K. McLeod","doi":"10.1111/deci.12510","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines lean implementation's effects on hospital financial performance using survey and secondary data for a large sample of US hospitals. Using sociotechnical systems theory, a social context is identified that should motivate the use of lean process improvement tools (LPT) in a hospital setting and accentuate its performance benefits. Shah and Ward's employee involvement (EI) construct is adapted to a hospital setting to define a supportive social context for LPT, which is further shaped by organizational psychological safety (PS). The research model depicts PS as amplifying the effect of EI on LPT, which, in turn, influences a hospital's return on assets (ROA) via three potential pathways: (a) through enhanced revenues; and/or (b) through reduced hospital discharge costs; and/or (c) directly. The results show that EI engenders LPT and that this effect is heightened as PS improves. LPT is shown to positively impact ROA indirectly through higher revenues, but not through lower discharge costs. The findings reveal positive, indirect effects of EI on revenue and profitability at moderate/high levels of PS. Robustness is investigated using an alternate performance metric—hospital excess margin—with consistent results. Post hoc analyses explore potential mechanisms through which lean implementation may increase hospital revenues, including hospital throughput (discharges), readmission rate, experiential quality, length of stay, and overall patient recommendation. The analyses reveal that the impact of LPT on hospital revenue is potentially realized through higher hospital discharges. Overall, the study demonstrates that lean implementation as a sociotechnical system contributes to superior performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 3","pages":"557-577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73880567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply network resilience learning: An exploratory data analytics study","authors":"Kedong Chen,&nbsp;Yuhong Li,&nbsp;Kevin Linderman","doi":"10.1111/deci.12513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When a supplier experiences a disruption, it <i>learns</i> how to better prevent and recover from future disruptions. As suppliers learn to become more resilient, the overall supply network also learns to become more resilient. This research draws on the organizational learning literature to introduce the concept of <i>supply network resilience learning</i>, which we define as the improvement of supply network resilience when suppliers learn from their own disruptions. The analysis integrates agent-based modeling, experimental design, data analytics, and analytical modeling to investigate how supplier learning improves supply network learning. We examine how two types of supplier learning, namely, <i>learning-to-prevent</i> and <i>learning-to-recover</i>, affect supply network learning. The results show that suppliers' <i>learning-to-prevent</i> results in a disruption-free supply network when time approaches infinity. However, the results differ across a more realistic finite time horizon. In this setting, <i>learning-to-recover</i> improves network learning when suppliers face a lower chance of disruption. The analysis also shows that centrally located suppliers enhance network learning, except when the risk of a disruption is high and the chance of diffusing a disruption to another supplier is high. In this setting, noncentral suppliers become more critical to supply network learning. This research provides a framework that will help practitioners understand the contingencies that influence the effect of supplier learning on the overall supply network resilience learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 1","pages":"8-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91466160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing patient participation in healthcare operations through patient training and education using the theoretical lens of media synchronicity","authors":"Uzay Damali,&nbsp;Lawrence D. Fredendall,&nbsp;Janis L. Miller,&nbsp;DeWayne Moore,&nbsp;Cheryl J. Dye","doi":"10.1111/deci.12514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article proposes and tests a model that examines the type of communication media (personal meetings, group classes, and written materials) that is most effective to train and educate patients how to perform two critical self-management tasks in the treatment of diabetes. The model is based on media synchronicity theory (MST), a media selection theory. The model was tested by surveying 326 patients diagnosed with diabetes. We found that patients best mastered coproduction tasks that required conveying large amounts of information when written documents were provided. However, when coproduction tasks required comprehension of information that had multiple interpretations, patients increased their coproduction task behaviors when the training was face-to-face. Also, as predicted by MST, when learning the healthcare task required conveying little new information that patients could comprehend without struggling, patients trained with face-to-face media performed this task better. Finally, as expected, when patients increased the number of task behaviors they performed, their health outcomes improved. We discuss how these findings apply not only to healthcare operations, but also to other services that require extensive customer coproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 4","pages":"750-770"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80737372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized decision support framework for large-scale project portfolio decisions","authors":"Siddhartha Sampath,&nbsp;Esma S. Gel,&nbsp;Karl G. Kempf,&nbsp;John W. Fowler","doi":"10.1111/deci.12507","DOIUrl":"10.1111/deci.12507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Project portfolio selection (PPS) is a complex problem faced by major companies whenever there are multiple funding opportunities with insufficient budget to fund them all. In this paper, we present our work on a PPS decision support tool that has become a fundamental part of the project portfolio decision process at Intel Corporation across its largest product and market divisions. The paper builds on a previous publication that outlines the decision support tool's bicriteria optimization model by providing a solution procedure that is capable of solving real-life PPS problems within time frames acceptable to decision makers, as well as providing further details on the data collection and the decision-making process. We also report on various analysis and visualization tools that have been built to allow decision makers to interact with promising solutions provided by the decision support tool. One of the contributions of the paper is to present a typology of the important dependencies between projects that needs to be considered, and provide details on how they are incorporated in the decision support tool's optimization engine. We discuss important implementation details on the decision-making process and the agents involved, and conclude by describing real-life experiences on how the framework can enable intuitive decision-making when choosing portfolios that best satisfy the organization's business goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"53 6","pages":"1024-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82818343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effects of antitrust policy intervention in pricing strategies in a distribution channel","authors":"Arda Yenipazarli","doi":"10.1111/deci.12512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we examine the economic and welfare ramifications of antitrust policy intervention in primary- and secondary-line price discrimination in a distribution channel where downstream retailers are <i>vertically related</i> through a <i>strategic</i> upstream manufacturer. Particularly, we focus on a distribution channel where a manufacturer sells his product through retailers in two <i>asymmetric</i> markets. The markets are asymmetric along two dimensions: One exhibits a higher demand/profit potential than does the other; and one is a competitive market where two retailers engage in imperfect price competition, whereas the other is a captive market monopolized by one of the retailers. We characterize the effect of antitrust policy intervention in each form of third-degree price discrimination on the pricing and selling mechanisms of channel members, consumers, and the channel profits (and hence on the total welfare) for varying degrees of asymmetry on demand potential between the two markets and the extent of product substitutability. We show that under practical demand and competition conditions, contrary to prior literature, antitrust policy intervention in secondary-line discrimination always benefits the local retailer (the disfavored customer of the manufacturer) and yet is apt to result in a <i>lose–win</i> or <i>lose–lose</i> outcome in addition to a <i>win–win</i> outcome for the channel and society. Second, antitrust policy intervention in primary-line discrimination so as to protect a localized retailer from the selective price cuts of a chain-store retailer (rather than to protect competition) can actually result in a <i>win–win</i> outcome. Third, in the absence of antitrust policy intervention, consumers are always harmed by (discriminatory) pricing practices employed in a channel. Those and other findings contribute to the intense debate over the merits and goals of antitrust policy intervention in third-degree price discrimination in distribution channels by shedding some light on the contractual relationships between manufacturers and retailers and economic forces at play.</p>","PeriodicalId":48256,"journal":{"name":"DECISION SCIENCES","volume":"54 1","pages":"64-84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/deci.12512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}